STRINGSTRING
creB creB fhuA fhuA prpR prpR phoB phoB cusR cusR fepA fepA citA citA citB citB kdpE kdpE fiu fiu torR torR fhuE fhuE arcA arcA phoP phoP bluF bluF rssB rssB tonB tonB trg trg yncD yncD rstA rstA cheY cheY cheB cheB tap tap tar tar uvrY uvrY yedW yedW baeR baeR yehT yehT rcsD rcsD ypdB ypdB glrR glrR glrK glrK proV proV barA barA exbD exbD exbB exbB qseB qseB aer aer ompR ompR glnG glnG cpxR cpxR zraR zraR basR basR dcuR dcuR cadC cadC fecA fecA fecR fecR tsr tsr
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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creBResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with CreC; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. (229 aa)
fhuAFerrichrome outer membrane transporter; Involved in the uptake of iron in complex with ferrichrome, a hydroxamate-type siderophore. Binds and transports ferrichrome-iron across the outer membrane. In addition to its role in ferrichrome-iron transport, transports the antibiotic albomycin, which is a structural analog of ferrichrome, and acts as a receptor for colicin M, microcin J25 and bacteriophages T1, T5, phi80 and UC-1. The energy source, which is required for all FhuA functions except infection by phage T5, is provided by the inner membrane TonB system. (747 aa)
prpRPropionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa)
phoBResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoR; This protein is a positive regulator for the phosphate regulon. Transcription of this operon is positively regulated by PhoB and PhoR when phosphate is limited. (229 aa)
cusRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with CusS; Member of the two-component regulatory system CusS/CusR involved in response to copper and silver. Activates the expression of cusCFBA, hiuH and plasmid pRJ1004 gene pcoE in response to increasing levels of copper or silver ions. Can also increase the basal-level expression of copper resistance gene operon pcoABCD. (227 aa)
fepAFerrienterobactin outer membrane transporter; This protein is involved in the initial step of iron uptake by binding ferrienterobactin (Fe-ENT), an iron chelatin siderophore that allows E.coli to extract iron from the environment. FepA also acts as a receptor for colicins B and D. (746 aa)
citASensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CitB; Member of the two-component regulatory system DpiA/DpiB, which is essential for expression of citrate-specific fermentation genes and genes involved in plasmid inheritance. Could be involved in response to both the presence of citrate and external redox conditions. Functions as a sensor kinase that phosphorylates DpiA in the presence of citrate. (552 aa)
citBResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with CitA; Member of the two-component regulatory system DpiA/DpiB, which is essential for expression of citrate-specific fermentation genes and genes involved in plasmid inheritance. Could be involved in response to both the presence of citrate and external redox conditions. Regulates the transcription of citCDEFXGT, dpiAB, mdh and exuT. Binds specifically to the dpiB-citC intergenic region. (226 aa)
kdpEResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with KdpD; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. (225 aa)
fiuCatecholate siderophore receptor; Involved in the active transport across the outer membrane of iron complexed with catecholate siderophores such as dihydroxybenzoylserine and dihydroxybenzoate. It derives its energy for transport by interacting with the trans-periplasmic membrane protein TonB. Can also transport catechol-substituted cephalosporins. Receptor for microcins M, H47 and E492. (760 aa)
torRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with TorS; Member of the two-component regulatory system TorS/TorR involved in the anaerobic utilization of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Phosphorylated TorR activates the transcription of the torCAD operon by binding to four decameric boxes located in the torCAD promoter. Box1, 2 and 4 contain the DNA sequence 5'-CTGTTCATAT-3' and box3 contains the DNA sequence 5'-CCGTTCATCC-3'. Phosphorylated as well as unphosphorylated TorR negatively regulates its own expression by binding to box1 and 2. (230 aa)
fhuEFerric-rhodotorulic acid outer membrane transporter; Required for the uptake of Fe(3+) via coprogen, ferrioxamine B, and rhodotorulic acid. (729 aa)
arcAResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa)
phoPResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoQ; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG (By similarity). Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol by activation of MgtA. Pro [...] (223 aa)
bluFAnti-repressor for YcgE, blue light-responsive; Binds to and releases the BluR repressor from its bound DNA target in a blue light-dependent (470 nm) fashion. A shift to low temperature also triggers a BluF-mediated relief of repression by BluR, suggesting BluF may serve as a thermometer. Blue light may act to increase the affinity of BluF for BluR, allowing it to be released from its operator. The protein has a reversible photocycle, and undergoes structural changes, probably in the EAL domain, in response to light. (403 aa)
rssBPcnB-degradosome interaction factor; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. In stationary phase, could also act as an anti-sigma factor and reduce the ability of RpoS to activate gene expression. Is also involved in the regulation of the mRNA polyadenylation pathway during stationary phase, probably by maintaining the asso [...] (337 aa)
tonBMembrane spanning protein in TonB-ExbB-ExbD transport complex; Interacts with outer membrane receptor proteins that carry out high-affinity binding and energy dependent uptake into the periplasmic space of specific substrates such as cobalamin, and various iron compounds (such as iron dicitrate, enterochelin, aerobactin, etc.). In the absence of TonB these receptors bind their substrates but do not carry out active transport. TonB also interacts with some colicins and is involved in the energy-dependent, irreversible steps of bacteriophages phi 80 and T1 infection. It could act to tran [...] (239 aa)
trgMethyl-accepting chemotaxis protein III, ribose and galactose sensor receptor; Mediates taxis to the sugars ribose and galactose via an interaction with the periplasmic ribose- or galactose-binding proteins. (546 aa)
yncDPutative iron outer membrane transporter; Probable receptor, TonB-dependent. (700 aa)
rstAResponse regulator of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. (239 aa)
cheYChemotaxis regulator transmitting signal to flagellar motor component; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Overexpression of CheY in association with MotA and MotB improves motility of a ycgR disruption, suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein and th [...] (129 aa)
cheBProtein-glutamate methylesterase/protein-glutamine glutaminase; Involved in chemotaxis. Part of a chemotaxis signal transduction system that modulates chemotaxis in response to various stimuli. Catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or MCP) by CheR. Also mediates the irreversible deamidation of specific glutamine residues to glutamic acid. Catalyzes its own deactivation by removing the activating phosphoryl group. Belongs to the CheB family. (349 aa)
tapMethyl-accepting protein IV; Mediates taxis toward dipeptides via an interaction with the periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein. (533 aa)
tarMethyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II; Receptor for the attractant L-aspartate and related amino and dicarboxylic acids. Tar also mediates taxis to the attractant maltose via an interaction with the periplasmic maltose binding protein. Tar mediates taxis away from the repellents cobalt and nickel. (553 aa)
uvrYResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with BarA; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. UvrY activates the transcription of the untranslated csrB RNA and of barA, in an autoregulatory loop. Mediates the effects of CsrA on csrB RNA by BarA-dependent and BarA-independent mechanisms. (218 aa)
yedWResponse regulator family protein; Member of a two-component regulatory system HprR/HprS involved in response to hydrogen peroxide. Regulates the expression of at least 5 operons, cyoABCDE, hprRS, hiuH, cusRS and cusCFBA. Bifunctional regulator that acts as an activator and a repressor. (223 aa)
baeRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with BaeS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BaeS/BaeR which responds to envelope stress. Activates expression of periplasmic chaperone spy in response to spheroplast formation, indole and P pili protein PapG overexpression. Activates the mdtABCD and probably the CRISPR-Cas casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon. (240 aa)
yehTPutative response regulator in two-component system withYehU; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsR regulates expression of btsT by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses YpdA/YpdB-mediated yhjX induction. (239 aa)
rcsDPhosphotransfer intermediate protein in two-component regulatory system with RcsBC; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsD is a phosphotransfer intermediate between the sensor kinase RcsC and the response regulator RcsB. It acquires a phosphoryl group from RcsC and transfers it to RcsB. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (890 aa)
ypdBResponse regulator activating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdB regulates expression of yhjX by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (244 aa)
glrRResponse regulator regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with sensor protein GlrK; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Regulates glmY transcription by binding to three conserved sites in the purL-glmY intergenic region. (444 aa)
glrKSensor protein kinase regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with response regulator GlrR; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Activates GlrR by phosphorylation. (475 aa)
proVGlycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). (400 aa)
barAHybrid sensory histidine kinase, in two-component regulatory system with UvrY; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. Phosphorylates UvrY, probably via a four-step phosphorelay. (918 aa)
exbDMembrane spanning protein in TonB-ExbB-ExbD complex; Involved in the TonB-dependent energy-dependent transport of various receptor-bound substrates. (141 aa)
exbBMembrane spanning protein in TonB-ExbB-ExbD complex; Involved in the TonB-dependent energy-dependent transport of various receptor-bound substrates. Protects ExbD from proteolytic degradation and functionally stabilizes TonB. (244 aa)
qseBQuorum sensing DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system with QseC; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. Currently it is not known whether this effect is direct or not. (219 aa)
aerFused signal transducer for aerotaxis sensory component/methyl accepting chemotaxis component; Signal transducer for aerotaxis. The aerotactic response is the accumulation of cells around air bubbles. The nature of the sensory stimulus detected by this protein is the proton motive force or cellular redox state. It uses a FAD prosthetic group as a redox sensor to monitor oxygen levels. (506 aa)
ompRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Involved in acid stress response; this requires EnvZ but not OmpR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated by EnvZ; this stimulates OmpR's DNA-binding abi [...] (239 aa)
glnGDNA-binding transcriptional regulator NtrC; Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Phosphorylated NtrC binds directly to DNA and stimulates the formation of open promoter-sigma54-RNA polymerase complexes. Activates transcription of many genes and operons whose products minimize the slowing of growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions, including genes coding for glutamine synthetase (glnA), transporters, amino acid permeases and catabolic enzymes. (469 aa)
cpxRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa)
zraRTranscriptional regulatory protein ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. When activated by ZraS it acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to regulate the expression of zraP. Positively autoregulates the expression of the zraSR operon. (441 aa)
basRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with BasS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BasS/BasR. BasR induces the transcription of the ugd, ais, arnBCADTEF and eptA-basRS loci, all involved in resistance to polymyxin (By similarity). (222 aa)
dcuRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. (239 aa)
cadCcadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa)
fecATonB-dependent outer membrane ferric citrate transporter and signal transducer; FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. (774 aa)
fecRAnti-sigma transmembrane signal transducer for ferric citrate transport; Regulation of iron dicitrate transport. In the absence of citrate FecR inactivates fecI. FecR is probably a sensor that recognizes iron dicitrate in the periplasm. (317 aa)
tsrMethyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I, serine sensor receptor; Receptor for the attractant L-serine and related amino acids. Is also responsible for chemotaxis away from a wide range of repellents, including leucine, indole, and weak acids. (551 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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