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fadI fadI caiA caiA fixB fixB aceE aceE glcE glcE dgoA dgoA dgoD dgoD aceF aceF lpd lpd acnB acnB fadE fadE yagE yagE yagF yagF prpR prpR prpB prpB prpE prpE mhpA mhpA mhpB mhpB mhpC mhpC mhpD mhpD mhpF mhpF mhpE mhpE fadM fadM tesB tesB gcl gcl glxR glxR glxK glxK poxB poxB yciA yciA paaZ paaZ paaA paaA paaB paaB paaC paaC paaD paaD paaE paaE paaF paaF paaG paaG paaH paaH paaI paaI paaJ paaJ paaK paaK paaX paaX paaY paaY uxaB uxaB hdhA hdhA anmK anmK ydiJ ydiJ ydiO ydiO ydiR ydiR fadK fadK fadD fadD edd edd gnd gnd atoB atoB pta pta fadJ fadJ oxc oxc murQ murQ hcaE hcaE hcaF hcaF hcaC hcaC hcaB hcaB hcaD hcaD kduD kduD kduI kduI yqeF yqeF scpB scpB glcB glcB glcD glcD fadH fadH uxaA uxaA uxaC uxaC garD garD yheT yheT gntT gntT gntK gntK gntR gntR kdgK kdgK ghrB ghrB dfp dfp yidR yidR dgoT dgoT dgoK dgoK fadA fadA fadB fadB acs acs idnT idnT idnO idnO idnD idnD idnK idnK yjhG yjhG yjhH yjhH gntP gntP uxuA uxuA uxuB uxuB lgoR lgoR lgoD lgoD glcF glcF
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fadIbeta-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, anaerobic, subunit; Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (436 aa)
caiACrotonobetaine reductase subunit II, FAD-binding; Catalyzes the reduction of crotonobetainyl-CoA to gamma- butyrobetainyl-CoA. The electron donor could be the FixA/FixB complex. (380 aa)
fixBProtein FixB; Required for anaerobic carnitine reduction. May bring reductant to CaiA; Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family. (313 aa)
aceEPyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylase component E1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). (887 aa)
glcEGlycolate oxidase FAD binding subunit; Component of a complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Is required for E.coli to grow on glycolate as a sole source of carbon. Is also able to oxidize D-lactate ((R)-lactate) with a similar rate. Does not link directly to O(2), and 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as artificial electron acceptors in vitro, but the physiological molecule that functions as primary electron acceptor during glycolate oxidation is unknown. (350 aa)
dgoA2-oxo-3-deoxygalactonate 6-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of galactose via the DeLey- Doudoroff pathway. Catalyzes the reversible, stereospecific retro-aldol cleavage of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate (KDPGal) to pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. In the synthetic direction, it catalyzes the addition of pyruvate to electrophilic aldehydes with re- facial selectivity. It can use a limited number of aldehyde substrates, including D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (natural substrate), D- glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, D-ribose, D- erythr [...] (205 aa)
dgoDD-galactonate dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-galactonate to 2-keto-3-deoxy- D-galactonate. (382 aa)
aceFPyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component E2; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (630 aa)
lpdDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. (474 aa)
acnBAconitate hydratase 2; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and the 2- methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the hydration of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate to yield (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnB functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein. During oxidative stress inactive AcnB apo- enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnB mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilize [...] (865 aa)
fadEAcyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) to 2-enoyl-CoAs, the first step of the beta-oxidation cycle of fatty acid degradation. Is required for E.coli to utilize dodecanoate or oleate as the sole carbon and energy source for growth. (814 aa)
yagE2-keto-3-deoxy gluconate (KDG) aldolase; Catalyzes the formation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-gluconate (KDG) from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde. May also function as a 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase. Overexpression leads to increased growth (over 2 hours) in the presence of the antibiotics norfloxacin, ampicillin and streptomycin ; Belongs to the DapA family. (302 aa)
yagFCP4-6 prophage; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-xylonic acid to form 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate; Belongs to the IlvD/Edd family. (655 aa)
prpRPropionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa)
prpB2-methylisocitrate lyase; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the thermodynamically favored C-C bond cleavage of (2R,3S)-2- methylisocitrate to yield pyruvate and succinate via an alpha-carboxy- carbanion intermediate; Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Methylisocitrate lyase family. (296 aa)
prpEpropionate--CoA ligase; Catalyzes the synthesis of propionyl-CoA from propionate and CoA. Also converts acetate to acetyl-CoA but with a lower specific activity (By similarity). (628 aa)
mhpA3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase; Catalyzes the insertion of one atom of molecular oxygen into position 2 of the phenyl ring of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (3-HPP) and hydroxycinnamic acid (3HCI). (554 aa)
mhpB2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase; Catalyzes the non-heme iron(II)-dependent oxidative cleavage of 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 2,3-dihydroxicinnamic acid into 2-hydroxy-6-ketononadienedioate and 2-hydroxy-6- ketononatrienedioate, respectively; Belongs to the LigB/MhpB extradiol dioxygenase family. (314 aa)
mhpC2-hydroxy-6-ketonona-2,4-dienedioic acid hydrolase; Catalyzes the cleavage of the C5-C6 bond of 2-hydroxy-6- oxononadienedioate and 2-hydroxy-6-oxononatrienedioate, a dienol ring fission product of the bacterial meta-cleavage pathway for degradation of phenylpropionic acid. MhpC shows some selectivity for the carboxylate of the side chain; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. MhpC family. (288 aa)
mhpD2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase; Catalyzes the conversion of 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid (enolic form of 2-oxopent-4-enoate) to 4-hydroxy-2-ketopentanoic acid. Belongs to the hydratase/decarboxylase family. MhpD subfamily. (269 aa)
mhpFacetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase II, NAD-binding; Catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl-CoA, using NAD(+) and coenzyme A. Is the final enzyme in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of 3-phenylpropanoate. Functions as a chaperone protein for folding of MhpE. (316 aa)
mhpE4-hyroxy-2-oxovalerate/4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoic acid aldolase, class I; Catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-2- oxopentanoate to pyruvate and acetaldehyde. Is involved in the meta- cleavage pathway for the degradation of 3-phenylpropanoate. Belongs to the 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase family. (337 aa)
fadMLong-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase III; Long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase with a preference for 3,5- tetradecadienoyl-CoA. Could be involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids; Belongs to the 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase family. (132 aa)
tesBacyl-CoA thioesterase 2; Can hydrolyze a broad range of acyl-CoA thioesters. Its physiological function is not known; Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family. (286 aa)
gclGlyoxylate carboligase; Catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of glyoxylate to give 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate (also termed tartronate semialdehyde). (593 aa)
glxRTartronate semialdehyde reductase, NADH-dependent; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process, glycolate metabolic process and allantoin assimilation pathway; Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. (292 aa)
glxKGlycerate kinase II; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process, glycolate metabolic process and allantoin assimilation pathway; Belongs to the glycerate kinase type-1 family. (381 aa)
poxBPyruvate dehydrogenase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-binding; Pyruvate oxidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and pyruvate catabolic process; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa)
yciAacyl-CoA esterase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the thioester bond in palmitoyl- CoA and malonyl-CoA. (132 aa)
paaZoxepin-CoA hydrolase and 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic ring cleavage of 2-oxepin-2(3H)- ylideneacetyl-CoA (oxepin-CoA) via the open-chain aldehyde intermediate to yield 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA. The enzyme consists of a C- terminal (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase domain (formerly MaoC) that cleaves the ring and produces the highly reactive 3-oxo-5,6- dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde and an N-terminal NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase domain that oxidizes the aldehyde to 3-oxo-5,6- dehydrosuberyl-CoA. Can also use crotonyl-CoA [...] (681 aa)
paaARing 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase subunit; Component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA- CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit A is the catalytic subunit involved in the incorporation of one atom of molecular oxygen into phenylacetyl-CoA. (309 aa)
paaBPutative ring 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase subunit; Component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA- CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit B may play a regulatory role or be directly involved in electron transport. (95 aa)
paaCRing 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase subunit; Component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA- CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit C may be essential for structural integrity of the alpha subunit. (248 aa)
paaDRing 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase subunit; Possible component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA-CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit D may have a function related to the maturation of the monooxygenase complex, rather than direct involvement in catalysis. PaaD could assist either in maturation of PaaE or PaaA. (165 aa)
paaERing 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase, NAD(P)H oxidoreductase component; Component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA- CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit E is a reductase with a preference for NADPH and FAD, capable of reducing cytochrome c. (356 aa)
paaF2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of enzymatically produced 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA into 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA. Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (255 aa)
paaG1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase, oxepin-CoA-forming; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of the epoxide to 2- oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA (oxepin-CoA). (262 aa)
paaH3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent; Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA to yield 3- oxoadipyl-CoA; Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (475 aa)
paaIhydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA thioesterase; Thioesterase with a preference for ring-hydroxylated phenylacetyl-CoA esters. Hydrolyzes 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA, 3- hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA and 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA. Inactive towards 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA and 4-hydroxyphenacyl-CoA. Belongs to the thioesterase PaaI family. (140 aa)
paaJ3-oxoadipyl-CoA/3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase; Catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of the beta-keto C8 intermediate 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA with CoA to yield the C6 intermediate 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. Besides it catalyzes also the last step of the pathway, in which 3-oxoadipyl-CoA similarly is cleaved to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (401 aa)
paaKphenylacetyl-CoA ligase; Catalyzes the activation of phenylacetic acid (PA) to phenylacetyl-CoA (PA-CoA). (437 aa)
paaXTranscriptional repressor of phenylacetic acid degradation paa operon, phenylacetyl-CoA inducer; Negative regulator of the paaZ and paaABCDEFGHIJK catabolic operons. Binds the consensus sequence 5'-WWTRTGATTCGYGWT-3'. Binding of PaaX is specifically inhibited by phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA). (316 aa)
paaYThioesterase required for phenylacetic acid degradation; trimeric; phenylacetate regulatory and detoxification protein; hexapeptide repeat protein. (196 aa)
uxaBAltronate oxidoreductase, NAD-dependent; Altronate oxidoreductase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process. (483 aa)
hdhA7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Catalyzes the oxidation of the 7-alpha-hydroxy group of primary bile acids such as cholate, chenodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate. To a lesser extent, also able to use taurocholate and glycocholate. (255 aa)
anmKanhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase; Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of 1,6-anhydro-N- acetylmuramic acid (anhMurNAc) with the simultaneous cleavage of the 1,6-anhydro ring, generating MurNAc-6-P. Is required for the utilization of anhMurNAc either imported from the medium or derived from its own cell wall murein, and thus plays a role in cell wall recycling; Belongs to the anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase family. (369 aa)
ydiJPutative FAD-linked oxidoreductase; Putative oxidase. (1018 aa)
ydiOPutative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Putative oxidoreductase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (383 aa)
ydiRPutative electron transfer flavoprotein, FAD-binding subunit; May play a role in a redox process; Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family. (312 aa)
fadKShort chain acyl-CoA synthetase, anaerobic; Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Is maximally active on C6:0, C8:0 and C12:0 fatty acids, while has a low activity on C14-C18 chain length fatty acids. Is involved in the anaerobic beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows anaerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source in the presence of nitrate or fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor. Can fun [...] (548 aa)
fadDacyl-CoA synthetase (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase); Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Activity is the highest with fatty acid substrates of > 10 carbon atoms. Is involved in the aerobic beta- oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows aerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source. (561 aa)
edd6-phosphogluconate dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of 6-phospho-D-gluconate to 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate. (603 aa)
gnd6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (468 aa)
atoBacetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; Protein involved in fatty acid oxidation. (394 aa)
ptaPhosphate acetyltransferase; Involved in acetate metabolism. Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetyl phosphate. The direction of the overall reaction changes depending on growth conditions. On minimal medium acetyl-CoA is generated. In rich medium acetyl-CoA is converted to acetate and allowing the cell to dump the excess of acetylation potential in exchange for energy in the form of ATP. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. (714 aa)
fadJenoyl-CoA hydratase/epimerase and isomerase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the formation of a hydroxyacyl-CoA by addition of water on enoyl-CoA. Also exhibits 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase and 3- hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (714 aa)
oxcOxalyl CoA decarboxylase, ThDP-dependent; Involved in the catabolism of oxalate and in the adapatation to low pH via the induction of the oxalate-dependent acid tolerance response (ATR). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA to yield carbon dioxide and formyl-CoA; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (564 aa)
murQN-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate (MurNAc-6-P) etherase; Specifically catalyzes the cleavage of the D-lactyl ether substituent of MurNAc 6-phosphate, producing GlcNAc 6-phosphate and D- lactate. Is required for growth on MurNAc as the sole source of carbon and energy. Together with AnmK, is also required for the utilization of anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (anhMurNAc) either imported from the medium or derived from its own cell wall murein, and thus plays a role in cell wall recycling. (298 aa)
hcaE3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large (alpha) subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase. Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3- phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. (453 aa)
hcaF3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, small (beta) subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase. Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3- phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. (172 aa)
hcaC3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, ferredoxin subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, that converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3-phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. This protein seems to be a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin. (106 aa)
hcaB2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrophenylpropionate dehydrogenase; Converts 3-phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid-dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol) into 3-(2,3- dihydroxylphenyl)propanoic acid (DHPP) and 2,3-dihydroxicinnamic acid (DHCI), respectively; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (270 aa)
hcaDPhenylpropionate dioxygenase, ferredoxin reductase subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, that converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3-phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively; Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase family. (400 aa)
kduD2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible reduction of 2,5-diketo-3- deoxygluconate (DKII or 4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate) into 2-keto- 3-deoxygluconate (KDG or 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconate) with a concomitant oxidation of NADH. To a lesser extent, can also reduce 5-keto- D-gluconate and oxidize D-gluconate and 1,2-propanediol. Together with KduI, seems to play a role in the catabolism of hexuronates under osmotic stress conditions, substituting for the regular hexuronate degrading enzymes UxaABC and UxuAB whose expression is repressed in these condition [...] (253 aa)
kduIHexuronate isomerase; Catalyzes the isomerization of 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D- glucuronate to 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate (By similarity). Plays a role in the catabolism of hexuronates under osmotic stress conditions, likely substituting for the regular hexuronate degrading enzyme UxaC whose expression is repressed in these conditions ; Belongs to the KduI family. (278 aa)
yqeFShort chain acyltransferase; Putative acyltransferase; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (393 aa)
scpBmethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, biotin-independent; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA. Could be part of a pathway that converts succinate to propanoate. (261 aa)
glcBMalate synthase G; Involved in the glycolate utilization. Catalyzes the condensation and subsequent hydrolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl- CoA) and glyoxylate to form malate and CoA. (723 aa)
glcDGlycolate oxidase subunit, FAD-linked; Component of a complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Is required for E.coli to grow on glycolate as a sole source of carbon. Is also able to oxidize D-lactate ((R)-lactate) with a similar rate. Does not link directly to O(2), and 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as artificial electron acceptors in vitro, but the physiological molecule that functions as primary electron acceptor during glycolate oxidation is unknown ; Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (499 aa)
fadH2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, NADH and FMN-linked; Functions as an auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds at even carbon positions. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond of the acyl chain of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to yield 2-trans-enoyl-CoA. Acts on both isomers, 2-trans,4- cis- and 2-trans,4-trans-decadienoyl-CoA, with almost equal efficiency. Is not active with NADH instead of NADPH. Does not show cis->trans isomerase activity. (672 aa)
uxaAAltronate hydrolase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-altronate. (495 aa)
uxaCUronate isomerase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Uronate isomerase family. (470 aa)
garDD-galactarate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the dehydration of galactarate to form 5-dehydro-4- deoxy-D-glucarate. (523 aa)
yheTUPF0017 family putative hydrolase; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 4 family. (340 aa)
gntTGluconate transporter, high-affinity GNT I system; Part of the gluconate utilization system Gnt-I; high-affinity intake of gluconate. (438 aa)
gntKGluconokinase 2, thermoresistant; gluconate transport, GNT I system; Protein involved in glucose metabolic process; Belongs to the gluconokinase GntK/GntV family. (175 aa)
gntRD-gluconate inducible gluconate regulon transcriptional repressor; Negative regulator for the gluconate utilization system GNT- I, the gntUKR operon. (331 aa)
kdgK2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (KDG) to produce 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG). Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. (309 aa)
ghrBGlyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase B; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. Can also reduce 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (25DKG) to 5-keto-D-gluconate (5KDG), 2- keto-D-gluconate (2KDG) to D-gluconate, and 2-keto-L-gulonate (2KLG) to L-idonate (IA), but it is not its physiological function. Inactive towards 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, 5-keto-D-gluconate, D- fructose and L-sorbose. Activity with NAD is very low; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GhrB subfamily. (324 aa)
dfpCoenzyme A biosynthesis bifunctional protein CoaBC; Catalyzes two sequential steps in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. In the first step cysteine is conjugated to 4'- phosphopantothenate to form 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine. In the second step the latter compound is decarboxylated to form 4'-phosphopantotheine. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the PPC synthetase family. (406 aa)
yidRDUF3748 family protein. (415 aa)
dgoTD-galactonate transporter; Intake of galactonate into the cell; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Phthalate permease family. (430 aa)
dgoK2-oxo-3-deoxygalactonate kinase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the DgoK family. (292 aa)
fadA3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (thiolase I); Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids. (387 aa)
fadBEnoyl-CoA hydratase/Delta(3)-cis-Delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long- chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation cycle. Catalyzes the formation of 3-oxoacyl-CoA from enoyl-CoA via L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It can also use D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and cis-3-enoyl-CoA as substrate. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (729 aa)
acsacetyl-CoA synthetase; Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acs undergoes a two-step reaction. In the first half reaction, Acs combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA. (652 aa)
idnTL-idonate and D-gluconate transporter; Transports L-idonate, D-gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane. (439 aa)
idnO5-keto-D-gluconate-5-reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of 5-keto-D-gluconate to D-gluconate, using either NADH or NADPH. Is likely involved in an L-idonate degradation pathway that allows E.coli to utilize L-idonate as the sole carbon and energy source. Is also able to catalyze the reverse reaction in vitro, but the D-gluconate oxidation by the enzyme can only proceed with NAD; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (254 aa)
idnDL-idonate 5-dehydrogenase, NAD-binding; Catalyzes the NADH/NADPH-dependent oxidation of L-idonate to 5-ketogluconate (5KG); Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (343 aa)
idnKD-gluconate kinase, thermosensitive; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the gluconokinase GntK/GntV family. (187 aa)
yjhGPutative dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-xylonic acid to form 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate. (655 aa)
yjhHPutative lyase/synthase; Functions as a 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase. Belongs to the DapA family. (301 aa)
gntPFructuronate transporter; High-affinity gluconate transporter with fairly broad specificity, including low affinity for glucuronate, several disaccharides, and some hexoses, but not glucose. (447 aa)
uxuAMannonate hydrolase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-mannonate. (394 aa)
uxuBD-mannonate oxidoreductase, NAD-dependent; D-mannonate oxidoreductase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the mannitol dehydrogenase family. UxuB subfamily. (486 aa)
lgoRPutative transcriptional activator for L-galactonate catabolism; May be a positive transcriptional regulator for lgoD and/or lgoT. Is essential for growth on L-galactonate as the sole carbon source. (304 aa)
lgoDL-galactonate oxidoreductase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactonate to D-tagaturonate. Required for growth on L-galactonate as the sole carbon source. In vitro, can also use L-gulonate. (340 aa)
glcFGlycolate oxidase 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster subunit; Component of a complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Is required for E.coli to grow on glycolate as a sole source of carbon. Is also able to oxidize D-lactate ((R)-lactate) with a similar rate. Does not link directly to O(2), and 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as artificial electron acceptors in vitro, but the physiological molecule that functions as primary electron acceptor during glycolate oxidation is unknown. (407 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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