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| | insL1 | IS186 transposase; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS186. (370 aa) |
| | insB1 | IS1 transposase B; Absolutely required for transposition of IS1. (167 aa) |
| | ileS | isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of isoleucine to tRNA(Ile). As IleRS can inadvertently accommodate and process structurally similar amino acids such as valine, to avoid such errors it has two additional distinct tRNA(Ile)-dependent editing activities. One activity is designated as 'pretransfer' editing and involves the hydrolysis of activated Val-AMP. The other activity is designated 'posttransfer' editing and involves deacylation of mischarged Val-tRNA(Ile). (938 aa) |
| | rsmA | 16S rRNA m(6)A1518, m(6)A1519 dimethyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically dimethylates two adjacent adenosines (A1518 and A1519) in the loop of a conserved hairpin near the 3'-end of 16S rRNA in the 30S particle. May play a critical role in biogenesis of 30S subunits. Has also a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity that removes C mispaired with oxidized T from DNA, and may play a role in protection of DNA against oxidative stress. (273 aa) |
| | rluA | Dual-specificity RNA pseudouridine synthase RluA; Dual specificity enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-746 in 23S ribosomal RNA and from uracil-32 in the anticodon stem and loop of transfer RNAs. (219 aa) |
| | rapA | RNA polymerase remodeling/recycling factor ATPase; Transcription regulator that activates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase (RNAP) recycling in case of stress conditions such as supercoiled DNA or high salt concentrations. Probably acts by releasing the RNAP, when it is trapped or immobilized on tightly supercoiled DNA. Does not activate transcription on linear DNA. Probably not involved in DNA repair (By similarity); Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RapA subfamily. (968 aa) |
| | polB | DNA polymerase II; Thought to be involved in DNA repair and/or mutagenesis. Its processivity is enhanced by the beta sliding clamp (dnaN) and clamp loader. (783 aa) |
| | rsmH | 16S rRNA m(4)C1402 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the N4 position of cytidine in position 1402 (C1402) of 16S rRNA. In vitro, active on the assembled 30S subunit, but not naked 16S rRNA or 70S ribosomes. (313 aa) |
| | yadD | Transposase_31 family protein; A low activity DNA endonuclease yielding 3'-hydroxyl ends (Probable). Upon expression enhances RecA-independent DNA recombination 2.9-fold, concomitantly reducing viability by 59% and inducing DNA damage as measured by induction of the SOS repair response. Belongs to the Rpn/YhgA-like nuclease family. (300 aa) |
| | gluQ | glutamyl-Q tRNA(Asp) synthetase; Catalyzes the tRNA-independent activation of glutamate in presence of ATP and the subsequent transfer of glutamate onto tRNA(Asp). Glutamate is transferred on the 2-amino-5-(4,5-dihydroxy-2- cyclopenten-1-yl) moiety of the queuosine in position 34 of the tRNA(Asp), the wobble position of the QUC anticodon. Does not transfer glutamate to either tRNA(Glu) or tRNA(Gln). The incapacity of the glutamylated tRNA(Asp) to bind elongation factor Tu suggests that it is not involved in ribosomal protein biosynthesis. (308 aa) |
| | ligT | 2'-5' RNA ligase; Hydrolyzes RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester to an RNA 2'- phosphomonoester. In vitro, can also ligate 5' and 3' half-tRNA molecules with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini, respectively, to the product containing the 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage. This reaction does not require ATP and is reversible. Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. ThpR family. (176 aa) |
| | hrpB | Helicase, ATP-dependent; Protein involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication. (809 aa) |
| | rnhB | Ribonuclease HII, degrades RNA of DNA-RNA hybrids; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids; Belongs to the RNase HII family. (198 aa) |
| | dnaE | DNA polymerase III alpha subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The alpha chain is the DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. It is tethered to replicating DNA by the beta sliding clamp (dnaN), which confers extremely high processivity to the catalytic subunit, copying a 5.4 kb genome in 11 seconds, a speed of at least 500 nucleotides/second at 30 degrees Celsius. (1160 aa) |
| | tilS | tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthetase; Ligates lysine onto the cytidine present at position 34 of the AUA codon-specific tRNA(Ile) that contains the anticodon CAU, in an ATP-dependent manner. Cytidine is converted to lysidine, thus changing the amino acid specificity of the tRNA from methionine to isoleucine. This enzyme is essential for viability. (432 aa) |
| | arfB | Alternative stalled-ribosome rescue factor B; Rescues stalled ribosomes. Can hydrolyze peptidyl-tRNA on ribosomes stalled by both non-stop mRNAs and mRNAs that contain rare codon clusters or ribosomes stalled in the middle of mRNA. First identified as a complementary ribosome rescue system when the stalled ribosome cannot be rescued by the SsrA(tmRNA)- SmpB quality control system or the alternative ribosome-rescue factor A (arfA). (140 aa) |
| | proS | prolyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of proline to tRNA(Pro) in a two- step reaction: proline is first activated by ATP to form Pro-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Pro). As ProRS can inadvertently accommodate and process non-cognate amino acids such as alanine and cysteine, to avoid such errors it has two additional distinct editing activities against alanine. One activity is designated as 'pretransfer' editing and involves the tRNA(Pro)-independent hydrolysis of activated Ala-AMP. The other activity is designated 'posttransfer' editing and involves dea [...] (572 aa) |
| | tsaA | tRNA-Thr(GGU) m(6)t(6)A37 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the addition of the methyl group in the formation of N6-methyl-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 (m(6)t(6)A37) of the tRNA anticodon loop of tRNA(Thr)(GGU) that read codons starting with adenosine. The methyl group of m(6)t(6)A37 appears to slightly improve the efficiency of the tRNA decoding ability. Binds to tRNA. (235 aa) |
| | rnhA | Ribonuclease HI, degrades RNA of DNA-RNA hybrids; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. RNase H participates in DNA replication; it helps to specify the origin of genomic replication by suppressing initiation at origins other than the oriC locus; along with the 5'-3' exonuclease of pol1, it removes RNA primers from the Okazaki fragments of lagging strand synthesis; and it defines the origin of replication for ColE1-type plasmids by specific cleavage of an RNA preprimer. (155 aa) |
| | dnaQ | DNA polymerase III epsilon subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. The epsilon subunit contain the editing function and is a proofreading 3'- 5' exonuclease. Contacts both the beta sliding clamp (dnaN) and the polymerase subunit (dnaE), stabilizing their interaction. (243 aa) |
| | yafQ | mRNA interferase toxin of toxin-antitoxin pair YafQ/DinJ; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific mRNA endoribonuclease that inhibits translation elongation and induces bacterial stasis. Cleavage occurs between the second and third residue of the Lys codon followed by a G or A (5'AAA(G/A)3'), is reading-frame dependent and occurs within the 5' end of most mRNAs. Ribosome-binding confers the sequence specificity and reading frame- dependence. When overexpressed in liquid media YafQ partially inhibits protein synthesis, with a reduction in growth rat [...] (92 aa) |
| | rayT | RAYT REP element-mobilizing transposase; Transposase that is always flanked by repeated extragenic palindrome (REP) sequences, which are clustered in structures called bacterial interspersed mosaic elements (BIMEs). RayT catalyzes cleavage and recombination of BIMEs. Binds REP sequences and cleaves BIMEs both upstream and downstream of the REP sequence. Could be important in the creation of BIME variability and amplification. (165 aa) |
| | dinB | DNA polymerase IV; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair and untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by Pol IV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. Overexpression of Pol IV results in increased frameshift mutagenesis. It is required for stationary-phase adaptive mutation, which provides the bacterium with flexibility in dealing with environmental stress, enhancing long- term survival and evol [...] (351 aa) |
| | yafO | mRNA interferase toxin of the YafO-YafN toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A translation-dependent mRNA interferase. Overexpression causes cessation of cell growth and inhibits cell proliferation via inhibition of translation; this blockage is overcome by subsequent expression of antitoxin YafN. Overexpression causes cleavage of a number of mRNAs in a ribosome-dependent fashion. YafO binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit in the translation complex induces mRNA cleavage 3' to the region protected by the ribosome; YafO alone is not able to di [...] (132 aa) |
| | pepD | Cytosol non-specific dipeptidase; Dipeptidase with broad substrate specificity. Requires dipeptide substrates with an unblocked N-terminus and the amino group in the alpha or beta position. Non-protein amino acids and proline are not accepted in the C-terminal position, whereas some dipeptide amides and formyl amino acids are hydrolyzed. Also shows cysteinylglycinase activity, which is sufficient for E.coli to utilize cysteinylglycine as a cysteine source. (485 aa) |
| | insI1 | Transposase InsI for insertion sequence element IS30A; Required for the transposition of the insertion element. (383 aa) |
| | insH1 | Transposase InsH for insertion sequence element IS5R; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS5. (338 aa) |
| | insB1-2 | Insertion element IS1 2 protein InsB; Absolutely required for transposition of IS1. (167 aa) |
| | yagA | Uncharacterized protein YagA; Pseudogene, CP4-6 prophage;Phage or Prophage Related. (384 aa) |
| | yagL | CP4-6 prophage; DNA-binding protein. (232 aa) |
| | insE1 | Transposase InsE for insertion sequence IS3A; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS3. (99 aa) |
| | insC1 | Transposase InsC for insertion element IS2-10; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS2. (121 aa) |
| | insE1-2 | IS3 transposase A. (99 aa) |
| | sbcC | Exonuclease, dsDNA, ATP-dependent; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity. (1048 aa) |
| | sbcD | Exonuclease, dsDNA, ATP-dependent; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity; Belongs to the SbcD family. (400 aa) |
| | queA | S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase; Transfers and isomerizes the ribose moiety from AdoMet to the 7-aminomethyl group of 7-deazaguanine (preQ1-tRNA) to give epoxyqueuosine (oQ-tRNA); Belongs to the QueA family. (356 aa) |
| | tgt | tRNA-guanine transglycosylase; Catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with the queuine precursor 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (PreQ1) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming PreQ1, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the [...] (375 aa) |
| | xseB | Exonuclease VII small subunit; Bidirectionally degrades single-stranded DNA into large acid- insoluble oligonucleotides, which are then degraded further into small acid-soluble oligonucleotides. It can also degrade 3' or 5' ss regions extending from the termini of duplex DNA molecules and displaced ss regions. (80 aa) |
| | thiI | tRNA s(4)U8 sulfurtransferase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of a sulfur to tRNA to produce 4-thiouridine in position 8 of tRNAs, which functions as a near-UV photosensor. Also catalyzes the transfer of sulfur to the sulfur carrier protein ThiS, forming ThiS-thiocarboxylate. This is a step in the synthesis of thiazole, in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. The sulfur is donated as persulfide by IscS. Belongs to the ThiI family. (482 aa) |
| | dnaX | DNA polymerase III/DNA elongation factor III, tau and gamma subunits; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease activity. The gamma complex (gamma(3),delta,delta') is thought to load beta dimers onto DNA by binding ATP which alters the complex's conformation so it can bind beta sliding clamp dimers and open [...] (643 aa) |
| | ybaK | Cys-tRNA(Pro)/Cys-tRNA(Cys) deacylase; Functions in trans to edit the amino acid from incorrectly charged Cys-tRNA(Pro) via a Cys-tRNA(Pro) deacylase activity. May compensate for the lack of Cys-tRNA(Pro) editing by ProRS. Is also able to deacylate Cys-tRNA(Cys), and displays weak deacylase activity in vitro against Gly-tRNA(Gly), as well as, at higher concentrations, some other correctly charged tRNAs. Unlike some of its orthologs it is not able to remove the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged Ala- tRNA(Pro); Belongs to the prolyl-tRNA editing family. YbaK/EbsC subfamily. (159 aa) |
| | mnmH | tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase; Involved in the post-transcriptional modification of the uridine at the wobble position (U34) of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Catalyzes the conversion of 2-thiouridine (S2U-RNA) to 2-selenouridine (Se2U-RNA). Acts in a two-step process involving geranylation of 2-thiouridine (S2U) to S-geranyl-2-thiouridine (geS2U) and subsequent selenation of the latter derivative to 2-selenouridine (Se2U) in the tRNA chain. (364 aa) |
| | cysS | Cysteine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (461 aa) |
| | intD | DLP12 prophage; Integrase from the cryptic lambdoic prophage DLP12. Integrase is necessary for integration of the phage into the host genome by site- specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. (387 aa) |
| | ybcK | DLP12 prophage; putative recombinase. (508 aa) |
| | rusA | DLP12 prophage; Endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates made during homologous genetic recombination and DNA repair. Exhibits sequence and structure-selective cleavage of four-way DNA junctions, where it introduces symmetrical nicks in two strands of the same polarity at the 5' side of CC dinucleotides. Corrects the defects in genetic recombination and DNA repair associated with inactivation of ruvAB or ruvC. (120 aa) |
| | insL1-2 | IS186 transposase. (370 aa) |
| | rna | Ribonuclease I; One of the few RNases that cleaves the phosphodiester bond between any two nucleotide. Shows a preference for cytidylic or guanylic acid. (268 aa) |
| | rlmH | 23S rRNA m(3)Psi1915 pseudouridine methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the pseudouridine at position 1915 (m3Psi1915) in 23S rRNA. Specific for fully assembled 70S ribosomes. Belongs to the RNA methyltransferase RlmH family. (155 aa) |
| | holA | DNA polymerase III, delta subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease activity. The delta subunit is the wrench that will open the beta subunit dimer, which has been modeled to leave a gap large enough for ssDNA to pass through. The gamma complex (gamma(3),delta,delta') is thought to load beta dimers [...] (343 aa) |
| | leuS | Leucine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (860 aa) |
| | insH1-3 | IS5 transposase and trans-activator. (338 aa) |
| | ybeY | ssRNA-specific endoribonuclease; Single strand-specific metallo-endoribonuclease involved in late-stage 70S ribosome quality control and in maturation of the 3' terminus of the 16S rRNA. Acts together with the RNase R to eliminate defective 70S ribosomes, but not properly matured 70S ribosomes or individual subunits, by a process mediated specifically by the 30S ribosomal subunit. Involved in the processing of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs, with a particularly strong effect on maturation at both the 5'- and 3'- ends of 16S rRNA as well as maturation of the 5'-end of 23S and 5S rRNAs. (155 aa) |
| | glnS | Glutamine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (554 aa) |
| | ybfD | H repeat-associated putative transposase YbfD; Pseudogene, DDE domain transposase family;putative factor; Not classified; putative receptor protein; Belongs to the transposase 11 family. (253 aa) |
| | phr | Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase, FAD-binding; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (472 aa) |
| | nei | Endonuclease VIII and 5-formyluracil/5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine. Acts on DNA bubble and 3'-fork structures, suggesting a role in replication- associated DNA repair. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a sing [...] (263 aa) |
| | uvrB | Exision nuclease of nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition component; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesi [...] (673 aa) |
| | rhlE | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in ribosome assembly. Has RNA- dependent ATPase activity and unwinds double-stranded RNA. May play a role in the interconversion of ribosomal RNA-folding intermediates that are further processed by DeaD or SrmB during ribosome maturation. (454 aa) |
| | dinG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...] (716 aa) |
| | rlmF | 23S rRNA m(6)A1618 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the adenine in position 1618 of 23S rRNA; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family. (308 aa) |
| | rlmC | 23S rRNA m(5)U747 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 747 (m5U747) in 23S rRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family. RlmC subfamily. (375 aa) |
| | ftsK | DNA translocase at septal ring sorting daughter chromsomes; Essential cell division protein that coordinates cell division and chromosome segregation. The N-terminus is involved in assembly of the cell-division machinery. The C-terminus functions as a DNA motor that moves dsDNA in an ATP-dependent manner towards the dif recombination site, which is located within the replication terminus region. Translocation stops specifically at Xer-dif sites, where FtsK interacts with the Xer recombinase, allowing activation of chromosome unlinking by recombination. FtsK orienting polar sequences (K [...] (1329 aa) |
| | rarA | Recombination intermediate processing DNA-dependent ATPase; DNA-dependent ATPase that plays important roles in cellular responses to stalled DNA replication processes. (447 aa) |
| | serS | seryl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). (430 aa) |
| | ycaQ | DUF1006 family protein with C-terminal wHTH domain. (410 aa) |
| | smtA | Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase; Catalyzes the methylation of 5-carboxymethoxyuridine (cmo5U) to form 5-methoxycarbonylmethoxyuridine (mcmo5U) at position 34 in tRNAs. Four tRNAs (tRNA(Ala1), tRNA(Ser1), tRNA(Pro3) and tRNA(Thr4)) are fully modified with mcmo5U in stationary-phase E.coli. Also present at low frequency in tRNA(Leu3) and tRNA(Val1). (261 aa) |
| | asnS | Asparagine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (466 aa) |
| | rlmL | 23S rRNA m(2)G2445 and m(7)G2069 methyltransferases, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanine in position 2445 (m2G2445) and the guanine in position 2069 (m7G2069) of 23S rRNA. Methylation occurs before assembly of 23S rRNA into 50S subunits. Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RlmKL family. (702 aa) |
| | helD | DNA helicase IV; Helicase IV catalyzes the unwinding of duplex DNA in the 3' to 5' direction with respect to the bound single strand in a reaction that is dependent upon the hydrolysis of ATP. (684 aa) |
| | rlmI | 23S rRNA m(5)C1962 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 1962 (m5C1962) of 23S rRNA. Methylation occurs before assembly of 23S rRNA into 50S subunits; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RlmI family. (396 aa) |
| | insB1-4 | IS1 transposase B; Absolutely required for transposition of IS1. (167 aa) |
| | insE1-4 | IS3 transposase A. (99 aa) |
| | rne | Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...] (1061 aa) |
| | rluC | 23S rRNA pseudouridine(955,2504,2580) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil at positions 955, 2504 and 2580 in 23S ribosomal RNA. (319 aa) |
| | holB | DNA polymerase III, delta prime subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The gamma complex (gamma(3),delta,delta') is thought to load beta dimers onto DNA by binding ATP which alters the complex's conformation so it can bind beta sliding clamp dimers and open them at one interface. Pr [...] (334 aa) |
| | ycfH | Putative DNase; Has D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase activity in vitro. (265 aa) |
| | mfd | Transcription-repair coupling factor; Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site. Can also dissociate RNAP that is blocked by low concentration of nucleoside triphosphates or by physical obstruction, such as bound proteins. In addition, can rescue arrested complexes by promoting forward translocation. Has ATPase activity, which is required for removal of stalled RNAP, but seem [...] (1148 aa) |
| | rluE | 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2457) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-2457 in 23S ribosomal RNA; Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RsuA family. (217 aa) |
| | intE | E14 prophage; Integrase from the cryptic lambdoic prophage e14. Integrase is necessary for integration of the phage into the host genome by site- specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. (375 aa) |
| | pinE | Serine recombinase PinE; This protein catalyzes the inversion of an 1800-bp E.coli DNA fragment, the P region, which can exist in either orientation. The function of the inversion is not yet clear. (184 aa) |
| | umuD | Translesion error-prone DNA polymerase V subunit; Involved in UV protection and mutation. Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair. Essential for induced (or SOS) mutagenesis. Able to replicate DNA across DNA lesions (thymine photodimers and abasic sites, called translesion synthesis) in the presence of activated RecA; efficiency is maximal in the presence of the beta sliding-clamp and clamp-loading complex of DNA polymerase III plus single-stranded binding protein (SSB). RecA and to a lesser extent the beta clamp-complex may target Pol V to replicat [...] (139 aa) |
| | umuC | Translesion error-prone DNA polymerase V subunit; Involved in UV protection and mutation. Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair. Essential for induced (or SOS) mutagenesis. Able to replicate DNA across DNA lesions (thymine photodimers and abasic sites, translesion synthesis) in the presence of activated RecA; efficiency is maximal in the presence of the beta sliding-clamp and clamp-loading complex of DNA polymerase III plus single-stranded binding protein (SSB). RecA and to a lesser extent the beta clamp- complex may target Pol V to replication co [...] (422 aa) |
| | pth | peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase; The natural substrate for this enzyme may be peptidyl-tRNAs which drop off the ribosome during protein synthesis. Involved in lambda inhibition of host protein synthesis. PTH activity may, directly or indirectly, be the target for lambda bar RNA leading to rap cell death. (194 aa) |
| | hemA | Glutamyl tRNA reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). In the absence of NADPH, exhibits substrate esterase activity, leading to the release of glutamate from tRNA. (418 aa) |
| | adhE | Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]; This enzyme has three activities: ADH, ACDH, and PFL- deactivase. In aerobic conditions it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The PFL deactivase activity catalyzes the quenching of the pyruvate-formate-lyase catalyst in an iron, NAD, and CoA dependent reaction; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (891 aa) |
| | yciV | PHP domain protein; Efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 3'-phosphate from 3',5'-bis-phosphonucleotides as well as the successive hydrolysis of 5'-phosphomononucleotides from the 5'-end of short pieces of RNA and DNA, with no specificity toward the identity of the nucleotide base. Is more efficient at hydrolyzing RNA oligonucleotides than DNA oligonucleotides. This enzyme can also hydrolyze annealed DNA duplexes, albeit at a catalytic efficiency approximately 10-fold lower than that of the corresponding single-stranded oligonucleotides. (293 aa) |
| | rluB | 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2605) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-2605 in 23S ribosomal RNA. (291 aa) |
| | topA | DNA topoisomerase I, omega subunit; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus re [...] (865 aa) |
| | rnb | Ribonuclease II; Involved in mRNA degradation. Hydrolyzes single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3' to 5' direction. RNases 2 and R (rnr) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth. This RNase is required to decrease expression of RNase PH (rnp) at 42 degrees Celsius during starvation, which in turn represses rRNA degradation. Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family. RNase II subfamily. (644 aa) |
| | insH1-4 | IS5 transposase and trans-activator. (338 aa) |
| | smrA | DNA endonuclease; Has DNA endonuclease activity. Binds DNA. (187 aa) |
| | dbpA | ATP-dependent RNA helicase, specific for 23S rRNA; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit. Has an RNA-dependent ATPase activity, which is specific for 23S rRNA, and a 3' to 5' RNA helicase activity that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to destabilize and unwind short rRNA duplexes. Requires a single-stranded RNA loading site on the 3' side of the substrate helix. (457 aa) |
| | ralR | Rac prophage; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Upon overexpression inhibits growth and reduces colony-forming units in both the presence and absence of the Rac prophage, cells become filamentous. Has deoxyribonuclease activity (probably endonucleolytic), does not digest RNA. Its toxic effects are neutralized by sRNA antitoxin RalA, which is encoded in trans on the opposite DNA strand. Has RAL-like activity. (64 aa) |
| | recE | Rac prophage; Is involved in the RecE pathway of recombination. Catalyzes the degradation of double-stranded DNA. Acts progressively in a 5' to 3' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Has a strong preference for linear duplex substrate DNA and appears to be unable to initiate degradation from single-stranded breaks in DNA. (866 aa) |
| | insH1-5 | Transposase InsH for insertion sequence element IS5Y; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS5. (326 aa) |
| | pinR | Rac prophage; putative site-specific recombinase. (196 aa) |
| | insC1-2 | IS2 repressor TnpA. (121 aa) |
| | insI1-2 | IS30 transposase; Required for the transposition of the insertion element. (383 aa) |
| | hrpA | Putative ATP-dependent helicase; Not yet known; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. (1300 aa) |
| | ydcC | H repeat-associated putative transposase YdcC; Pseudogene; Belongs to the transposase 11 family. (378 aa) |
| | pinQ | Qin prophage; putative site-specific recombinase; Belongs to the site-specific recombinase resolvase family. (196 aa) |
| | relE | Qin prophage; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific, ribosome-dependent mRNA endoribonuclease that inhibits translation during amino acid starvation (the stringent response). In vitro acts by cleaving mRNA with high codon specificity in the ribosomal A site between positions 2 and 3. The stop codon UAG is cleaved at a fast rate while UAA and UGA are cleaved with intermediate and slow rates. In vitro mRNA cleavage can also occur in the ribosomal E site after peptide release from peptidyl- tRNA in the P site as well as on free 30S subunits. In vivo [...] (95 aa) |
| | nth | DNA glycosylase and apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (endonuclease III); DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'- phosphate. (211 aa) |
| | tyrS | tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of L-tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two- step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr). Can also mischarge tRNA(Tyr) with D-tyrosine, leading to the formation of D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr), which can be hydrolyzed by the D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase. In vitro, can also use the non-natural amino acid azatyrosine. (424 aa) |
| | rnt | RNase T; Trims short 3' overhangs of a variety of RNA species, leaving a one or two nucleotide 3' overhang. Responsible for the end-turnover of tRNA: specifically removes the terminal AMP residue from uncharged tRNA (tRNA-C-C-A). Also appears to be involved in tRNA biosynthesis, especially in strains lacking other exoribonucleases. (215 aa) |
| | lhr | Member of ATP-dependent helicase superfamily II; Protein involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication; Belongs to the helicase family. (1538 aa) |
| | pheT | Phenylalanine tRNA synthetase, beta-subunit; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (795 aa) |
| | pheS | Phenylalanine tRNA synthetase, alpha-subunit; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (327 aa) |
| | thrS | threonyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: L-threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). The rate-limiting step is amino acid activation in the presence of tRNA. The 2'-OH of the acceptor base (adenine 76, A76) of tRNA(Thr) and His-309 collaborate to transfer L-Thr to the tRNA; substitution of 2'-OH of A76 with hydrogen or fluorine decreases transfer efficiency 760 and 100-fold respectively. The zinc ion in the active site discriminates against charging of the isost [...] (642 aa) |
| | ydiZ | Uncharacterized protein. (96 aa) |
| | cho | Endonuclease of nucleotide excision repair; Incises the DNA at the 3' side of a lesion during nucleotide excision repair. Incises the DNA farther away from the lesion than UvrC. Not able to incise the 5' site of a lesion. In vitro, the incision activity of Cho is UvrA and UvrB dependent. When a lesion remains because UvrC is not able to induce the 3' incision, Cho incises the DNA. Then UvrC makes the 5' incision. The combined action of Cho and UvrC broadens the substrate range of nucleotide excision repair. (295 aa) |
| | xthA | Exonuclease III; Major apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease of E.coli. It removes the damaged DNA at cytosines and guanines by cleaving on the 3'-side of the AP site by a beta-elimination reaction. It exhibits 3'- 5'-exonuclease, 3'-phosphomonoesterase, 3'-repair diesterase and ribonuclease H activities. (268 aa) |
| | topB | DNA topoisomerase III; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA su [...] (653 aa) |
| | yeaK | aminoacyl-tRNA editing domain protein. (167 aa) |
| | rnd | Ribonuclease D; Exonuclease involved in the 3' processing of various precursor tRNAs. Initiates hydrolysis at the 3'-terminus of an RNA molecule and releases 5'-mononucleotides; Belongs to the RNase D family. (375 aa) |
| | yoaA | Putative ATP-dependent helicase, DinG family; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase (By similarity). Involved in the repair of replication forks and tolerance of the chain- terminating nucleoside analog 3' azidothymidine (AZT). May unwind potentially damaged 3' nascent ends such as those terminated by AZT, promote repair and AZT excision. (636 aa) |
| | rlmA | 23S rRNA m(1)G745 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanosine in position 745 of 23S rRNA. (269 aa) |
| | rsmF | 16S rRNA m(5)C1407 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 1407 (m5C1407) of 16S rRNA. (479 aa) |
| | holE | DNA polymerase III, theta subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. (76 aa) |
| | ruvB | ATP-dependent DNA helicase, component of RuvABC resolvasome; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. Belongs to the RuvB family. (336 aa) |
| | ruvA | Component of RuvABC resolvasome, regulatory subunit; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. Binds both single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Binds preferentially to supercoiled rather than to relaxed dsDNA. (203 aa) |
| | ruvC | Component of RuvABC resolvasome, endonuclease; Nuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves the cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA by nicking to strands with the same polarity at sites symmetrically opposed at the junction in the homologous arms and leaves a 5'-terminal phosphate and a 3'-terminal hydroxyl group. (173 aa) |
| | aspS | aspartyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of L-aspartate to tRNA(Asp) in a two-step reaction: L-aspartate is first activated by ATP to form Asp- AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asp). Also mischarges tRNA(Asp) with D-aspartate, although it is a poor substrate ; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily. (590 aa) |
| | cmoB | tRNA (cmo5U34)-carboxymethyltransferase, carboxy-SAM-dependent; Catalyzes carboxymethyl transfer from carboxy-S-adenosyl-L- methionine (Cx-SAM) to 5-hydroxyuridine (ho5U) to form 5- carboxymethoxyuridine (cmo5U) at position 34 in tRNAs. Can also catalyze the SAM-dependent methylation of ho5U, with much lower efficiency. (323 aa) |
| | argS | Arginine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (577 aa) |
| | insB1-5 | IS1 transposase B. (167 aa) |
| | uvrC | Excinuclease UvrABC, endonuclease subunit; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (610 aa) |
| | fliA | RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes. (239 aa) |
| | vsr | DNA mismatch endonuclease of very short patch repair; Deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA results in T/G mismatches. If unrepaired, these mismatches can lead to C-to-C transition mutations. The very short patch (VSP) repair process in E.coli counteracts the mutagenic process by repairing the mismatches in favor of the G-containing strand. This enzyme is an endonuclease that nicks double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the thymidine residue that is mismatched to 2'-deoxyguanosine. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific; Belongs to the vsr [...] (156 aa) |
| | dcm | DNA cytosine methyltransferase; This methylase recognizes the double-stranded sequence CCWGG, causes specific methylation on C-2 on both strands. (472 aa) |
| | insH1-6 | Transposase InsH for insertion sequence element IS5H; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS5. (338 aa) |
| | insC1-3 | IS2 repressor TnpA. (121 aa) |
| | sbcB | Exodeoxyribonuclease I; Degrades single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in a highly processive manner. Also functions as a DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase that releases deoxyribose-phosphate moieties following the cleavage of DNA at an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site by either an AP endonuclease or AP lyase. (475 aa) |
| | alkA | 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase II; Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3- methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, 7-methylguanine, O2-methylthymine, and O2-methylcytosine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions. (282 aa) |
| | metG | methionyl-tRNA synthetase; Is required not only for elongation of protein synthesis but also for the initiation of all mRNA translation through initiator tRNA(fMet) aminoacylation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. MetG type 1 subfamily. (677 aa) |
| | dusC | tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase C; Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines. DusC specifically modifies U16 in tRNAs. (315 aa) |
| | nfo | Endonuclease IV with intrinsic 3'-5' exonuclease activity; Endonuclease IV plays a role in DNA repair. It cleaves phosphodiester bonds at apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) sites, generating a 3'-hydroxyl group and a 5'-terminal sugar phosphate. It preferentially attacks modified AP sites created by bleomycin and neocarzinostatin. (285 aa) |
| | rsuA | 16S rRNA pseudouridine(516) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-516 in 16S ribosomal RNA; Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RsuA family. (231 aa) |
| | yejH | Putative ATP-dependent DNA or RNA helicase; RadD contains helicase motifs, suggesting it may be a helicase, although that activity has not been observed (Probable). In combination with RadA is important in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSB). Has DNA-independent ATPase activity that is stimulated by single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSB. ATPase is stimulated by a peptide with the last 10 residues of SSB, but not when the peptide's last Phe residue is missing. Binds ssDNA; binding is slightly better in the presence of nucleotides. May be involved in resolution of branched DNA int [...] (586 aa) |
| | alkB | Oxidative demethylase of N1-methyladenine or N3-methylcytosine DNA lesions; Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3- methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha- ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not t [...] (216 aa) |
| | gyrA | DNA gyrase (type II topoisomerase), subunit A; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. This makes better substrates for topoisomerase IV (ParC and ParE) which is the main enzyme that unlinks newly replicated chromosomes in E.coli. Gyrase catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes. Relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA in an ATP-independent manner. E.coli gyrase has higher supercoiling activity than many other bac [...] (875 aa) |
| | yfaD | Transposase_31 family protein; Upon expression has no effect on RecA-independent DNA recombination, cell viability or DNA damage. (299 aa) |
| | rbn | RNase BN, tRNA processing enzyme; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which has both exoribonuclease and endoribonuclease activities, depending on the nature of the substrate and of the added divalent cation, and on its 3'-terminal structure. Can process the 3' termini of both CCA-less and CCA-containing tRNA precursors. CCA-less tRNAs are cleaved endonucleolytically after the discriminator base, whereas residues following the CCA sequence can be removed exonucleolytically or endonucleolytically in CCA-containing molecules. Does not remove the CCA sequence. May also be involved in the degradation [...] (305 aa) |
| | yfcI | Transposase_31 family protein; A low activity DNA endonuclease yielding 3'-hydroxyl ends (Probable). Upon expression enhances RecA-independent DNA recombination 19-fold, concomitantly reducing viability by 98% and inducing DNA damage as measured by induction of the SOS repair response. Belongs to the Rpn/YhgA-like nuclease family. (296 aa) |
| | truA | tRNA pseudouridine(38-40) synthase; Formation of pseudouridine at positions 38, 39 and 40 in the anticodon stem and loop of transfer RNAs. (270 aa) |
| | mnmC | tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family. (668 aa) |
| | prmB | N5-glutamine methyltransferase; Specifically methylates the 50S ribosomal protein L3 on 'Gln- 150'. Does not methylate the translation termination release factors RF1 and RF2; Belongs to the protein N5-glutamine methyltransferase family. PrmB subfamily. (310 aa) |
| | gtrA | CPS-53 (KpLE1) prophage; Involved in O antigen modification. Involved in the translocation of bactoprenol-linked glucose across the cytoplasmic membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the GtrA family. (120 aa) |
| | yfdN | Uncharacterized protein YfdN; CPS-53 (KpLE1) prophage; putative methyltransferase;Phage or Prophage Related. (164 aa) |
| | insL1-3 | IS186 transposase. (370 aa) |
| | gltX | glutamyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). (471 aa) |
| | ligA | DNA ligase, NAD(+)-dependent; DNA ligase that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double- stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. It is essential for DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA; Belongs to the NAD-dependent DNA ligase family. LigA subfamily. (671 aa) |
| | xseA | Exonuclease VII, large subunit; Bidirectionally degrades single-stranded DNA into large acid- insoluble oligonucleotides, which are then degraded further into small acid-soluble oligonucleotides. It can also degrade 3' or 5' ss regions extending from the termini of duplex DNA molecules and displaced ss regions. (456 aa) |
| | hisS | Histidine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. (424 aa) |
| | rlmN | Dual specificity 23S rRNA m(2)A2503, tRNA m(2)A37 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates position 2 of adenine 2503 in 23S rRNA and position 2 of adenine 37 in tRNAs. m2A2503 modification seems to play a crucial role in the proofreading step occurring at the peptidyl transferase center and thus would serve to optimize ribosomal fidelity. Unmodified tRNA is not a suitable substrate for RlmN, which suggests that RlmN works in a late step during tRNA maturation. Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RlmN family. (384 aa) |
| | trmJ | tRNA mC32,mU32 2'-O-methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 2'O-methylated cytidine (Cm32) or 2'O-methylated uridine (Um32) at position 32 in tRNA. Can also methylate adenosine or guanosine, even though these nucleosides are rare or absent at position 32 in the anticodon loop of tRNA. (246 aa) |
| | rnc | RNase III; Digests double-stranded RNA formed within single-strand substrates, but not RNA-DNA hybrids. Involved in the processing of rRNA precursors, viral transcripts, some mRNAs and at least 1 tRNA (metY, a minor form of tRNA-init-Met). Cleaves the 30S primary rRNA transcript to yield the immediate precursors to the 16S and 23S rRNAs; cleavage can occur in assembled 30S, 50S and even 70S subunits and is influenced by the presence of ribosomal proteins. The E.coli enzyme does not cleave R.capsulatus rRNA precursor, although R.capsulatus will complement an E.coli disruption, showing s [...] (226 aa) |
| | trmN | tRNA1(Val) (adenine(37)-N6)-methyltransferase; Specifically methylates the adenine in position 37 of tRNA(1)(Val) (anticodon cmo5UAC); Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (adenine-N(6)-)-methyltransferase family. (245 aa) |
| | srmB | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit at low temperature. Exhibits RNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis and RNA unwinding activity. Acts before DeaD. Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. SrmB subfamily. (444 aa) |
| | ung | uracil-DNA-glycosylase; Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. (229 aa) |
| | yfiF | Putative methyltransferase; Protein involved in RNA modification. (345 aa) |
| | yfiP | DTW domain protein. (232 aa) |
| | rluD | 23S rRNA pseudouridine(1911,1915,1917) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil at positions 1911, 1915 and 1917 in 23S ribosomal RNA. Isomerization occurs as a late step during the assembly of the large ribosomal subunit. (326 aa) |
| | trmD | tRNA m(1)G37 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates guanosine-37 in various tRNAs. Belongs to the RNA methyltransferase TrmD family. (255 aa) |
| | rpsP | 30S ribosomal subunit protein S16; In addition to being a ribosomal protein, S16 also has a cation-dependent endonuclease activity. (82 aa) |
| | intA | CP4-57 prophage; Integrase is necessary for integration of the phage into the host genome by site-specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. Part of the cryptic P4-like prophage CP4-57, it excises the prophage when overexpressed, which also requires integration host factor (encoded by ihfA and ihfB). Overexpression of AlpA leads to excision of the CP4-57 prophage, which inactivates ssrA (the gene upstream of the prophage) that encodes tmRNA which is required to rescue stalled ribosomes in a pro [...] (413 aa) |
| | rnlA | CP4-57 prophage; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A stable (half-life 27.6 minutes) endoribonuclease that in the absence of cognate antitoxin RnlB causes generalized RNA degradation. Degrades late enterobacteria phage T4 mRNAs, protecting the host against T4 reproduction. Activity is inhibited by cognate antitoxin RnlB and by enterobacteria phage T4 protein Dmd. Targets cyaA mRNA. (357 aa) |
| | csiD | tRNA-Ile; Acts as an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing hydroxylation of glutarate (GA) to L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) in the stationary phase of E.coli. Functions in a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2- hydroxyglutarate. Other dicarboxylic acids (oxalate, malonate, succinate, adipate, and pimelate) are not substrates for this enzyme. (325 aa) |
| | alaS | alanyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of L-alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: L-alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). AlaRS also incorrectly activates the sterically smaller amino acid glycine as well as the sterically larger amino acid L-serine; generates 2-fold more mischarged Gly than Ser. These mischarged amino acids occur because the of inherent physicochemical limitations on discrimination between closely related amino acids (Ala, Gly and Ser) in the charging step. Attaches Ala to transfer-me [...] (876 aa) |
| | recA | DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...] (353 aa) |
| | mutS | Methyl-directed mismatch repair protein; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is possible that it carries out the mismatch recognition step. This protein has a weak ATPase activity. (853 aa) |
| | truD | tRNA(Glu) pseudouridine(13) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-13 in transfer RNAs. (349 aa) |
| | ygbT | Multifunctional endonuclease Cas1, CRISPR adaptation protein; CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The Cas1-Cas2 complex is involved in CRISPR adaptation, the first stage of CRISPR immunity, being required for the addition/removal of [...] (305 aa) |
| | casE | CRISPR RNA precursor cleavage enzyme; CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). A component of Cascade, which participates in CRISPR interference, the third stage of CRISPR immunity. Cascade binds both crRNA and in a sequence-specific man [...] (199 aa) |
| | ygcB | Cascade complex anti-viral R-loop helicase-annealase Cas3; CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Cas3 plus Cascade participate in CRISPR interference, the third stage of CRISPR immunity; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CRISP [...] (888 aa) |
| | mazF | mRNA interferase toxin, antitoxin is MazE; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific endoribonuclease it inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA and inducing bacterial stasis. It is stable, single- strand specific with mRNA cleavage independent of the ribosome, although translation enhances cleavage for some mRNAs. Cleavage occurs at the 5'-end of ACA sequences, yielding a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a free 5'-OH, although cleavage can also occur on the 3'-end of the first A. Digests 16S rRNA in vivo 43 nts upstream of the C- terminus; this remove [...] (111 aa) |
| | rlmD | 23S rRNA m(5)U1939 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 1939 (m5U1939) in 23S rRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family. RlmD subfamily. (433 aa) |
| | truC | tRNA(Ile1,Asp) pseudouridine(65) synthase; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-65 in transfer RNAs; Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family. (260 aa) |
| | ygdG | Ssb-binding protein, misidentified as ExoIX; Has flap endonuclease activity , but does not seem to have exonuclease activity (and. During DNA replication, flap endonucleases cleave the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. (251 aa) |
| | rlmM | 23S rRNA C2498 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the 2'-O-methylation at nucleotide C2498 in 23S rRNA. Modifies C2498 in naked 23S rRNA, but not in assembled 50S subunits or ribosomes. (366 aa) |
| | tcdA | tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine dehydratase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent dehydration of threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) to form cyclic t(6)A37 (ct(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. TcdA is also part of a sulfur transfer pathway; is able to accept sulfur from CsdA directly in vitro, but CsdE might act as the sulfur donor in vivo; Belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. (268 aa) |
| | recD | Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), alpha chain; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alter [...] (608 aa) |
| | recB | Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), beta subunit; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alte [...] (1180 aa) |
| | recC | Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), gamma chain; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alter [...] (1122 aa) |
| | rppH | RNA pyrophosphohydrolase; Master regulator of 5'-end-dependent mRNA decay. Accelerates the degradation of transcripts by removing pyrophosphate from the 5'-end of triphosphorylated RNA, leading to a more labile monophosphorylated state that can stimulate subsequent ribonuclease cleavage. Preferentially hydrolyzes diadenosine penta-phosphate with ATP as one of the reaction products. Also able to hydrolyze diadenosine hexa- and tetra-phosphate. Has no activity on diadenosine tri-phosphate, ADP-ribose, NADH and UDP-glucose. In an RNase PH (rph) wild-type strain background, RppH is not req [...] (176 aa) |
| | mutH | Methyl-directed mismatch repair protein; Sequence-specific endonuclease that cleaves unmethylated GATC sequences. It is involved in DNA mismatch repair. (229 aa) |
| | insC1-4 | IS2 repressor TnpA. (121 aa) |
| | lysS | Lysine tRNA synthetase, constitutive; suppressor of ColE1 mutation in primer RNA; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (505 aa) |
| | recJ | ssDNA exonuclease, 5' --> 3'-specific; Single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease. Required for many types of recombinational events, although the stringency of the requirement for RecJ appears to vary with the type of recombinational event monitored and the other recombination gene products which are available. (577 aa) |
| | xerD | Site-specific tyrosine recombinase; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. Binds cooperatively to specific DNA consensus sequences that are separated from XerC binding sites by a short central region, forming the heterotetrameric XerC-XerD complex that recombines DNA substrates. The complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids at ColE1 xer (or cer) and pSC101 (or [...] (298 aa) |
| | endA | DNA-specific endonuclease I; Has double-strand break activity; Belongs to the EndA/NucM nuclease family. (235 aa) |
| | rsmE | 16S rRNA m(3)U1498 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the N3 position of the uracil ring of uridine 1498 (m3U1498) in 16S rRNA. Acts on the fully assembled 30S ribosomal subunit. (243 aa) |
| | yqgF | Putative Holliday junction resolvase; Involved in the processing of the 5'-end of pre-16S rRNA during 70S ribosome maturation (processing does not occur on total cellular RNA off the ribosome); may be a nuclease. A temperature-sensitive yqgF mutant no longer grows when Rho or NusA are overproduced, and has reduced transcription of genes encoded downstream of Rho terminators; transcription increases again in the presence of the Rho inhibitor bicylomycin. (138 aa) |
| | trmI | tRNA m(7)G46 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family. (239 aa) |
| | mutY | Adenine DNA glycosylase; Adenine glycosylase active on G-A mispairs. MutY also corrects error-prone DNA synthesis past GO lesions which are due to the oxidatively damaged form of guanine: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo- dGTP); Belongs to the Nth/MutY family. (350 aa) |
| | parC | DNA topoisomerase IV, subunit A; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation; it is the principal protein responsible for decatenating newly replicated chromosomes. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. MukB stimulates the relaxation activity of topoisomerase IV and also has a modest effect on decatenation. Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family. ParC type 1 subfamily. (752 aa) |
| | mqsR | GCU-specific mRNA interferase toxin of the MqsR-MqsA toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Plays a significant role in the control of biofilm formation and induction of persister cells in the presence of antibiotics. An mRNA interferase which has been reported to be translation-independent. It has also been reported to be translation-dependent. Cleavage has been reported to occur on either side of G in the sequence GCU. Also reported to cleave after C in GC(A/U) sequences. There are only 14 genes in E.coli W3110 (and probably also MG1655) tha [...] (98 aa) |
| | parE | DNA topoisomerase IV, subunit B; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation; it is the principal protein responsible for decatenating newly replicated chromosomes. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. MukB stimulates the relaxation activity of topoisomerase IV and also has a modest effect on decatenation. Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family. ParE type 1 subfamily. (630 aa) |
| | cca | Fused tRNA nucleotidyl transferase/2'3'-cyclic phosphodiesterase/2'nucleotidase and phosphatase; Catalyzes the addition and repair of the essential 3'- terminal CCA sequence in tRNAs without using a nucleic acid template. Adds these three nucleotides in the order of C, C, and A to the tRNA nucleotide-73, using CTP and ATP as substrates and producing inorganic pyrophosphate. Also shows highest phosphatase activity in the presence of Ni(2+) and hydrolyzes pyrophosphate, canonical 5'-nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, NADP, and 2'-AMP with the production of Pi. Displays a metal-independent [...] (412 aa) |
| | dnaG | DNA primase; RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerase during DNA replication. (581 aa) |
| | mug | G/U mismatch-specific DNA glycosylase; Excises ethenocytosine and uracil, which can arise by alkylation or deamination of cytosine, respectively, from the corresponding mispairs with guanine in ds-DNA. It is capable of hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and the mispaired base. The complementary strand guanine functions in substrate recognition. Required for DNA damage lesion repair in stationary-phase cells; Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. TDG/mug family. (168 aa) |
| | higB | mRNA interferase toxin of the HigB-HigA toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A probable translation-dependent mRNA interferase. Overexpression causes cessation of cell growth and inhibits cell proliferation via inhibition of translation; this blockage is overcome by subsequent expression of antitoxin HigA. Overexpression causes cleavage of a number of mRNAs in a translation-dependent fashion, suggesting this is an mRNA interferase. mRNA interferases play a role in bacterial persistence to antibiotics; overexpression of this protein induces p [...] (104 aa) |
| | rlmG | 23S rRNA m(2)G1835 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanine in position 1835 (m2G1835) of 23S rRNA. (378 aa) |
| | yhaV | Toxin of the SohB(PrlF)-YhaV toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Has RNase activity in vitro. Overexpression leads to growth arrest after 30 minutes; these effects are overcome by concomitant expression of antitoxin SohA (PrlF). Massive overexpression is toxic. Unlike most other characterized TA systems degrades rRNA, and co-folding of the both TA proteins is necessary in vitro for inhibition of the RNase activity. It is not known if it has any sequence-specificity. Acts as a transcription factor. The YhaV/PrlF complex binds the prlF-yhaV o [...] (154 aa) |
| | rsmI | 16S rRNA C1402 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the 2'-O-methylation of the ribose of cytidine 1402 (C1402) in 16S rRNA. In vitro, active on the assembled 30S subunit, but not naked 16S rRNA or 70S ribosomes; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmI family. (286 aa) |
| | yhbQ | GIY-YIG nuclease superfamily protein; Belongs to the UPF0213 family. (100 aa) |
| | deaD | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in various cellular processes at low temperature, including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA degradation and translation initiation. Exhibits RNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis and RNA unwinding activity at low temperature. Involved in 50S ribosomal subunit assembly, acting after SrmB, and could also play a role in the biogenesis of the 30S ribosomal subunit. In addition, is involved in mRNA decay, via formation of a cold-shock degradosome with RNase E. Also stimulates translation of some mRNAs, probably at the level of initiation. (629 aa) |
| | pnp | Polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Also involved, along with RNase II, in tRNA processing. RNases II and R contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth. (711 aa) |
| | truB | tRNA pseudouridine synthase B; Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-55 in the psi GC loop of transfer RNAs; Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family. Type 1 subfamily. (314 aa) |
| | rlmE | 23S rRNA U2552 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the uridine in position 2552 of 23S rRNA at the 2'-O position of the ribose in the fully assembled 50S ribosomal subunit. (209 aa) |
| | rng | Ribonuclease G; Involved in the processing of the 5'-end of 16S rRNA. Could be involved in chromosome segregation and cell division. It may be one of the components of the cytoplasmic axial filaments bundles or merely regulate the formation of this structure. Belongs to the RNase E/G family. RNase G subfamily. (489 aa) |
| | dusB | tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase B; Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines; Belongs to the Dus family. DusB subfamily. (321 aa) |
| | yhdJ | DNA adenine methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Methylates the second adenine of the NsiI recognition sequence (5'-ATGCAT-3'). (294 aa) |
| | yrdD | ssDNA-binding protein, function unknown; Putative DNA topoisomerase; To H.influenzae HI_0656.1. (180 aa) |
| | fmt | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) N-formyltransferase; Attaches a formyl group to the free amino group of methionyl- tRNA(fMet). The formyl group appears to play a dual role in the initiator identity of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA by promoting its recognition by IF2 and preventing the misappropriation of this tRNA by the elongation apparatus. Belongs to the Fmt family. (315 aa) |
| | rsmB | 16S rRNA m(5)C967 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 967 (m5C967) of 16S rRNA. (429 aa) |
| | rpoA | RNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme. (329 aa) |
| | trpS | tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of tryptophan to tRNA(Trp). Amino acylates tRNA(Trp) with both L- and D-tryptophan, although D-tryptophan is a poor substrate ; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (334 aa) |
| | dam | DNA adenine methyltransferase; Methylates DNA within the sequence GATC and protects the DNA from cleavage by the restriction endonuclease MboI. Although it shares sequence specificity with a number of type II restriction endonucleases and methylases, it is thought to act in postreplication mismatch repair rather than as a part of a restriction modification system. May also play a role in DNA replication. (278 aa) |
| | yhgA | Transposase_31 family protein; A low activity DNA endonuclease yielding 3'-hydroxyl ends, equally active on ss or dsDNA, not active on dsRNA. Shows no sequence specificity. Upon expression enhances RecA-independent DNA recombination 49-fold, concomitantly reducing viability by 88% and probably inducing DNA damage as measured by induction of the SOS repair response in RecA cells. RecA-independent DNA recombination leads to replacement of recipient genes with large segments of donor DNA rather than DNA addition to the donor strain; increased expression of RpnA leads to smaller replacemen [...] (292 aa) |
| | rtcB | RNA-splicing ligase; GTP-dependent RNA ligase that is involved in tRNA splicing and RNA repair. Joins RNA with 2',3'-cyclic-phosphate or 3'-phosphate ends to RNA with 5'-hydroxy ends. Also acts as a DNA ligase in case of DNA damage by splicing 'dirty' DNA breaks, characterized by 3'- phosphate (or cyclic-phosphate) and 5'-hydroxy ends that cannot be sealed by classical DNA ligases. (408 aa) |
| | insB1-6 | IS1 transposase B. (167 aa) |
| | rpoH | RNA polymerase, sigma 32 (sigma H) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes. Intracellular concentration of free RpoH protein increases in response to heat shock, which causes association with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and initiation of transcription of heat shock genes, including numerous global transcriptional regulators and genes involved in maintaining membrane functionality and homeostasis. RpoH is then quic [...] (284 aa) |
| | rsmD | 16S rRNA m(2)G966 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanine in position 966 of 16S rRNA in the assembled 30S particle. (198 aa) |
| | yhhI | H repeat-associated putative transposase YhhI; Pseudogene fragment; Belongs to the transposase 11 family. (378 aa) |
| | rsmJ | 16S rRNA m(2)G1516 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanosine in position 1516 of 16S rRNA; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmJ family. (250 aa) |
| | rlmJ | 23S rRNA m(6)A2030 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the adenine in position 2030 of 23S rRNA. Nascent 23S rRNA seems to be the natural substrate. Appears to be not necessary for ribosome assembly. Required for the utilization of extracellular DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy. Belongs to the RlmJ family. (280 aa) |
| | tag | 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase I, constitutive; Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3- methyladenine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions. (187 aa) |
| | glyS | Glycine tRNA synthetase, beta subunit; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (689 aa) |
| | glyQ | Glycine tRNA synthetase, alpha subunit; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (303 aa) |
| | selA | Selenocysteine synthase; Converts seryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) required for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Requires selenophosphate as the selenium-donor molecule; Belongs to the SelA family. (463 aa) |
| | trmL | tRNA Leu mC34,mU34 2'-O-methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Methylates the ribose at the nucleotide 34 wobble position in the two leucyl isoacceptors tRNA(Leu)(CmAA) and tRNA(Leu)(cmnm5UmAA). Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 2'-OH of the wobble nucleotide. Recognition of the target requires a pyridine at position 34 and N(6)-(isopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine at position 37. (157 aa) |
| | mutM | Formamidopyrimidine/5-formyluracil/ 5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its derivatives such as guanidinohydantoin:C and spiroiminodihydantoin:C, however it also acts on thymine glycol:G, 5,6-dihydrouracil:G and 5-hydroxyuracil:G. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-de [...] (269 aa) |
| | yicC | UPF0701 protein YicC; Ribonuclease PH (defective);enzyme; Degradation of RNA; RNase PH; Protein involved in RNA catabolic process. (287 aa) |
| | ligB | DNA ligase, NAD(+)-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double-stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. Belongs to the NAD-dependent DNA ligase family. LigB subfamily. (560 aa) |
| | rpoZ | RNA polymerase, omega subunit; Promotes RNA polymerase assembly. Latches the N- and C- terminal regions of the beta' subunit thereby facilitating its interaction with the beta and alpha subunits. (91 aa) |
| | trmH | tRNA mG18-2'-O-methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the 2'-O methylation of guanosine at position 18 in tRNA. Type II methylase, which methylates only a subset of tRNA species; Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family. (229 aa) |
| | recG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Plays a critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y-DNA). Has a role in constitutive stable DNA replication (cSDR) and R-loop formation. Is genetically synergistic to RadA and RuvABC. Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (693 aa) |
| | gyrB | DNA gyrase, subunit B; DNA gyrase negatively supercoils closed circular double- stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. This makes better substrates for topoisomerase 4 (ParC and ParE) which is the main enzyme that unlinks newly replicated chromosomes in E.coli. Gyrase catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of double-stranded DNA rings, including catenanes. Relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA in an ATP-independent manner. E.coli gyrase has higher supercoiling activity than other characterized bacterial gyrases; at compa [...] (804 aa) |
| | dnaN | DNA polymerase III, beta subunit; Confers DNA tethering and processivity to DNA polymerases and other proteins. Acts as a clamp, forming a ring around DNA (a reaction catalyzed by the clamp-loading complex) which diffuses in an ATP- independent manner freely and bidirectionally along dsDNA. DNA bound in the ring is bent 22 degrees, in solution primed DNA is bound more tightly than dsDNA, suggesting the clamp binds both ss- and dsDNA. In a complex of DNA with this protein, alpha, epsilon and tau subunits however the DNA is only slightly bent. Coordinates protein traffic at the replicati [...] (366 aa) |
| | rnpA | Protein C5 component of RNase P; RNaseP catalyzes the removal of the 5'-leader sequence from pre-tRNA to produce the mature 5'-terminus. It can also cleave other RNA substrates such as 4.5S RNA. The protein component plays an auxiliary but essential role in vivo by binding to the 5'-leader sequence and broadening the substrate specificity of the ribozyme. (119 aa) |
| | rsmG | 16S rRNA m(7)G527 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the N7 position of guanine in position 527 of 16S rRNA. Requires the intact 30S subunit for methylation; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RsmG family. (207 aa) |
| | rep | ATP-dependent DNA helicase Rep; Rep helicase is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase involved in DNA replication; it can initiate unwinding at a nick in the DNA. It binds to the single-stranded DNA and acts in a progressive fashion along the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction. (673 aa) |
| | rhlB | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in RNA degradation. Has RNA- dependent ATPase activity and unwinds double-stranded RNA. Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. RhlB subfamily. (421 aa) |
| | rho | Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (419 aa) |
| | xerC | Site-specific tyrosine recombinase; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. Binds cooperatively to specific DNA consensus sequences that are separated from XerD binding sites by a short central region, forming the heterotetrameric XerC-XerD complex that recombines DNA substrates. The complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids at ColE1 xer (or cer) and pSC101 (or [...] (298 aa) |
| | uvrD | DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable). (720 aa) |
| | recQ | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Involved in the RecF recombination pathway; its gene expression is under the regulation of the SOS system. It is a DNA helicase; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily. (609 aa) |
| | polA | 5' to 3' DNA polymerase and 3' to 5'/5' to 3' exonuclease; In addition to polymerase activity, this DNA polymerase exhibits 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. It is able to utilize nicked circular duplex DNA as a template and can unwind the parental DNA strand from its template. (928 aa) |
| | dtd | D-tyr-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase; An aminoacyl-tRNA editing enzyme that deacylates mischarged D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, has no observable editing activity on tRNAs charged with cognate L-amino acid. Edits mischarged glycyl-tRNA(Ala) more efficiently than AlaRS. Acts via tRNA-based rather than protein-based catalysis. Rejects correctly charged L-amino acid-tRNAs from its binding site rather than specifically recognizing incorrectly charged D-amino acid-tRNAs. Hydrolyzes correctly charged, achiral, glycyl-tRNA(Gly); GTP-bound EF-Tu (tested with T.thermophilus EF-Tu AC Q5SHN6) protects charged glycyl-t [...] (145 aa) |
| | priA | Primosome factor n' (replication factor Y); Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA. Is also involved in initiation of normal DNA replication in various plasmids and phages. Binds to branched DNA structures that resemble D-loops or to the primosome assembly site (PAS). Binds to DNA in two distinct modes, either dependent on or independent of [...] (732 aa) |
| | trmA | tRNA m(5)U54 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Dual-specificity methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of 5-methyluridine at position 54 (m5U54) in all tRNAs, and that of position 341 (m5U341) in tmRNA (transfer-mRNA). (366 aa) |
| | rpoB | RNA polymerase, beta subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1342 aa) |
| | rpoC | RNA polymerase, beta prime subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1407 aa) |
| | nudC | NADH pyrophosphatase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of dinucleotide pyrophosphates, but uniquely prefers the reduced form of NADH. (257 aa) |
| | nfi | Endonuclease V; DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of deaminated bases. Selectively cleaves double-stranded DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deoxyinosine leaving behind the intact lesion on the nicked DNA. Has a wide substrate spectrum. In addition to deoxyinosine- containing DNA, the enzyme cleaves DNA containing urea residues, AP sites, base mismatches, insertion/deletion mismatches, flaps, and pseudo-Y structures. Participates in the excision repair of hypoxanthine and xanthine (deaminated adenine and guanine) in DNA. It thereby reduces the mutagenic effects of ni [...] (223 aa) |
| | rluF | 23S rRNA pseudouridine(2604) synthase; Dual specificity enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-2604 in 23S ribosomal RNA and from uracil-35 in the anticodon of tRNA(Tyr). Can, to a small extent, also react with uracil-2605. Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RsuA family. (290 aa) |
| | dusA | tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase A; Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines. Specifically modifies U20 and U20a in tRNAs; Belongs to the Dus family. DusA subfamily. (345 aa) |
| | dnaB | Replicative DNA helicase; Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins. (471 aa) |
| | uvrA | ATPase and DNA damage recognition protein of nucleotide excision repair excinuclease UvrABC; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (940 aa) |
| | ghoS | Antitoxin of GhoTS toxin-antitoxin pair; Antitoxin component of a type V toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Neutralizes the toxic effects of toxin GhoT by digesting ghoT transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. In concert with GhoT is involved in reducing cell growth during antibacterial stress. Overexpression leads to transcript level reduction of 20 other mRNAs involved in purine or pyrimidine synthesis and transport. Not seen to bind its own promoter DNA. (98 aa) |
| | lysU | Lysine tRNA synthetase, inducible; Also can synthesize a number of adenyl dinucleotides (in particular AppppA). These dinucleotides have been proposed to act as modulators of the heat-shock response and stress response; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (505 aa) |
| | epmA | Elongation Factor P Lys34 lysyltransferase; With EpmB is involved in the beta-lysylation step of the post-translational modification of translation elongation factor P (EF- P) on 'Lys-34'. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent activation of (R)-beta- lysine produced by EpmB, forming a lysyl-adenylate, from which the beta-lysyl moiety is then transferred to the epsilon-amino group of EF- P 'Lys-34'. The substrate (R)-beta-lysine is 100-fold more efficient than either (S)-beta-lysine or L-alpha-lysine. Cannot ligate lysine to any tRNA. (325 aa) |
| | orn | Oligoribonuclease; 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease specific for small oligoribonucleotides 2 to 5 nucleotides in length, as well as small (2 to 5 nucleotides) ssDNA oligomers. Probably responsible for the final step in mRNA degradation. (181 aa) |
| | mutL | Methyl-directed mismatch repair protein; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is required for dam-dependent methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. May act as a 'molecular matchmaker', a protein that promotes the formation of a stable complex between two or more DNA-binding proteins in an ATP-dependent manner without itself being part of the final effector complex. The ATPase activity of MutL is stimulated by DNA. (615 aa) |
| | miaA | Delta(2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate tRNA-adenosine transferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a dimethylallyl group onto the adenine at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine, leading to the formation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A); Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (316 aa) |
| | rnr | Exoribonuclease R, RNase R; 3'-5' exoribonuclease that releases 5'-nucleoside monophosphates and is involved in maturation of structured RNAs (rRNAs, tRNAs and SsrA/tmRNA). In stationary phase, involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of ompA mRNA stability. Shortens RNA processively to di- and trinucleotides. In vitro, exhibits helicase activity, which is independent of its RNase activity. RNases 2 and R (rnb and this entry) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (this entry and pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA duri [...] (813 aa) |
| | rlmB | 23S rRNA mG2251 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the ribose of guanosine 2251 in 23S rRNA. (243 aa) |
| | chpB | Toxin of the ChpB-ChpS toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. ChpB is a sequence-specific mRNA and (weak) tmRNA endoribonuclease that inhibits protein synthesis and induces bacterial stasis. Cleavage is independent of the ribosome. Cleavage occurs at ACY sequences where Y is not C. The endoribonuclease activity is not as strong as that of MazF. The endoribonuclease activity (a toxin) is inhibited by its labile cognate antitoxin ChpS. Toxicity results when the levels of ChpS decrease in the cell, leading to mRNA degradation. Both ChpS and ChpB [...] (116 aa) |
| | valS | valyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of valine to tRNA(Val). As ValRS can inadvertently accommodate and process structurally similar amino acids such as threonine, to avoid such errors, it has a 'posttransfer' editing activity that hydrolyzes mischarged Thr-tRNA(Val) in a tRNA- dependent manner. (951 aa) |
| | holC | DNA polymerase III, chi subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. (147 aa) |
| | insG | IS4 transposase; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS4. (442 aa) |
| | yjhU | Uncharacterized transcriptional regulator YjhU; IS1 transposase B;IS, phage, Tn; Transposon-related functions; extrachromosomal; transposon related; Belongs to the SorC transcriptional regulatory family. (328 aa) |
| | kptA | RNA 2'-phosphotransferase; Removes the 2'-phosphate from RNA via an intermediate in which the phosphate is ADP-ribosylated by NAD followed by a presumed transesterification to release the RNA and generate ADP-ribose 1''-2''- cyclic phosphate (APPR>P). May function as an ADP-ribosylase. (184 aa) |
| | mcrC | Protein McrC; Modifies the specificity of McrB restriction by expanding the range of modified sequences restricted. Does not bind to DNA. (348 aa) |
| | mcrB | 5-methylcytosine-specific restriction enzyme McrBC, subunit McrB; Recognizes N4- and C5-methylcytosine (and 5-hydroxy- methylcytosines) produced by a broad range of DNA methylases and appears to act against 5-methylcytosine preceded by a purine residue. Binds to DNA containing methylated cytosines; also binds to GTP. Isoform 33 kDa is less active than isoform 51 kDa and may play a role in regulating the activity of isoform 51 kDa by competing with it in DNA and protein binding abilities. (459 aa) |
| | symE | Toxic peptide regulated by antisense sRNA symR; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged RNA. It is itself a target for degradation by the ATP-dependent protease Lon. Belongs to the SymE family. (113 aa) |
| | hsdM | DNA methyltransferase M; The M and S subunits together form a methyltransferase (MTase) that methylates two adenine residues in complementary strands of a bipartite DNA recognition sequence. In the presence of the R subunit the complex can also act as an endonuclease, binding to the same target sequence but cutting the DNA some distance from this site. Whether the DNA is cut or modified depends on the methylation state of the target sequence. When the target site is unmodified, the DNA is cut. When the target site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a maintenance MTase modifying the [...] (529 aa) |
| | hsdR | Endonuclease R Type I restriction enzyme; The EcoKI enzyme recognizes 5'-AACN(6)GTGC-3'. Subunit R is required for both nuclease and ATPase activities, but not for modification; Belongs to the HsdR family. (1170 aa) |
| | mrr | Methylated adenine and cytosine restriction protein; Involved in the acceptance of foreign DNA which is modified. Restricts both adenine- and cytosine-methylated DNA. (304 aa) |
| | rsmC | 16S rRNA m(2)G1207 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanine in position 1207 of 16S rRNA in the 30S particle. (343 aa) |
| | holD | DNA polymerase III, psi subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The exact function of the psi subunit is unknown. (137 aa) |
| | radA | DNA repair protein; DNA-dependent ATPase involved in processing of recombination intermediates, plays a role in repairing DNA breaks. Stimulates the branch migration of RecA-mediated strand transfer reactions, allowing the 3' invading strand to extend heteroduplex DNA faster. Binds ssDNA in the presence of ADP but not other nucleotides, has ATPase activity that is stimulated by ssDNA and various branched DNA structures, but inhibited by SSB. Does not have RecA's homology-searching function. Genetic experiments involving combination of radA mutations with mutations in recA, recB, recG, [...] (460 aa) |
| | yjtD | Putative methyltransferase; Protein involved in RNA modification; Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family. (228 aa) |
| | rtcA | RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase; Catalyzes the conversion of 3'-phosphate to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester at the end of RNA. The mechanism of action of the enzyme occurs in 3 steps: (A) adenylation of the enzyme by ATP; (B) transfer of adenylate to an RNA-N3'P to produce RNA-N3'PP5'A; (C) and attack of the adjacent 2'-hydroxyl on the 3'-phosphorus in the diester linkage to produce the cyclic end product. The biological role of this enzyme is unknown but it is likely to function in some aspects of cellular RNA processing; Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 1 subfamily. (338 aa) |
| | tatD | Quality control of Tat-exported FeS proteins; 3'-5' exonuclease that prefers single-stranded DNA and RNA. May play a role in the H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage repair. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family. TatD subfamily. (260 aa) |
| | hicA | mRNA interferase toxin of the HicAB toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A probable translation-independent mRNA interferase. Overexpression causes cessation of cell growth and inhibits cell proliferation via inhibition of translation; this blockage is overcome (after 90 minutes) by subsequent expression of antitoxin HicB. Overexpression causes cleavage of a number of mRNAs and tmRNA, in a translation-independent fashion, suggesting this is an mRNA interferase. mRNA interferases play a role in bacterial persistence to antibiotics ; Belongs t [...] (58 aa) |
| | yoeB | Toxin of the YoeB-YefM toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Its mode of function is controversial; it has been proposed to be an mRNA interferase but also an inhibitor of translation initiation. When overproduced in wild-type cells, inhibits bacterial growth and translation by cleavage of mRNA molecules while it has a weak effect on colony forming ability. Overproduction of Lon protease specifically activates YoeB-dependent mRNA cleavage, leading to lethality. YefM binds to the promoter region of the yefM-yeoB operon to repress transcription [...] (84 aa) |
