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narQ narQ yaaA yaaA kefC kefC barA barA yggE yggE yghW yghW norW norW norV norV glrK glrK yfgF yfgF frmB frmB frmA frmA yaiW yaiW ybaO ybaO ahpC ahpC ahpF ahpF tolA tolA tolB tolB modA modA ybjC ybjC hcp hcp trxB trxB lrp lrp rpmF rpmF ariR ariR ychH ychH narX narX uspE uspE fnr fnr cybB cybB adhP adhP osmC osmC eamA eamA ydeI ydeI gstA gstA sodC sodC sodB sodB mdtK mdtK btuE btuE rclB rclB rclC rclC paoA paoA paoB paoB paoC paoC cra cra rclA rclA folA folA tatD tatD yhaM yhaM yjjQ yjjQ yjjB yjjB tsr tsr mrr mrr blc blc yjeH yjeH malE malE yjaA yjaA katG katG fpr fpr uspD uspD sodA sodA asnC asnC aldB aldB yhjA yhjA uspB uspB yhcN yhcN yhaO yhaO yqiI yqiI ygiW ygiW yqhD yqhD tar tar yodD yodD hchA hchA yedY yedY zinT zinT rcnB rcnB yeiG yeiG lysP lysP alkB alkB yfcF yfcF hemF hemF
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narQSensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarP; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate/nitrite availability to the NarL/NarP proteins. NarQ probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation. NarQ probably negatively regulates the NarL protein by dephosphorylation. (566 aa)
yaaAPeroxide resistance protein, lowers intracellular iron; Involved in the cellular response to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stress. During H(2)O(2) stress, prevents oxidative damage to both DNA and proteins by diminishing the amount of unincorporated iron within the cell. (258 aa)
kefCPotassium:proton antiporter; Pore-forming subunit of a potassium efflux system that confers protection against electrophiles. Catalyzes K(+)/H(+) antiport. Can also export rubidium, lithium and sodium. (620 aa)
barAHybrid sensory histidine kinase, in two-component regulatory system with UvrY; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. Phosphorylates UvrY, probably via a four-step phosphorelay. (918 aa)
yggEOxidative stress defense protein; Putative actin. (246 aa)
yghWDUF2623 family protein. (95 aa)
norWNADH:flavorubredoxin oxidoreductase; One of at least two accessory proteins for anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase. Reduces the rubredoxin moiety of NO reductase; Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (377 aa)
norVAnaerobic nitric oxide reductase flavorubredoxin; Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase; uses NADH to detoxify nitric oxide (NO), protecting several 4Fe-4S NO-sensitive enzymes. Has at least 2 reductase partners, only one of which (NorW, flavorubredoxin reductase) has been identified. NO probably binds to the di-iron center; electrons enter from the reductase at rubredoxin and are transferred sequentially to the FMN center and the di-iron center. Also able to function as an aerobic oxygen reductase; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the zinc metallo- hydrolase group 3 family. (479 aa)
glrKSensor protein kinase regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with response regulator GlrR; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Activates GlrR by phosphorylation. (475 aa)
yfgFcyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, anaerobic; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. Truncated proteins consisting of the GGDEF/EAL domains (residues 319-747) or of the EAL domain alone (481-747) have c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. They do not have diguanylate cyclase activity. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (747 aa)
frmBS-formylglutathione hydrolase; Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde. Hydrolyzes S-formylglutathione to glutathione and formate. Shows also esterase activity against two pNP-esters (pNP- acetate and pNP-propionate), alpha-naphthyl acetate and lactoylglutathione. (277 aa)
frmAAlcohol dehydrogenase class III; Has high formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the presence of glutathione and catalyzes the oxidation of normal alcohols in a reaction that is not GSH-dependent. In addition, hemithiolacetals other than those formed from GSH, including omega-thiol fatty acids, also are substrates; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily. (369 aa)
yaiWMicrocin Bac7 uptake protein; outer membrane surface-exposed lipoprotein. (364 aa)
ybaOPutative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Plays a role in L-cysteine detoxification. Binds to the dlsT(yhaO)-yhaM operon promoter in the presence but not absence of L- cysteine; activates transcription from the dlsT(yhaO)-yhaM operon. No other DNA target was identified in strain K12 / BW25113. Thiosulfate does not activate its transcription function. Overexpression doubles hydrogen sulfide production in the presence of cysteine. (152 aa)
ahpCAlkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily. (187 aa)
ahpFAlkyl hydroperoxide reductase, F52a subunit, FAD/NAD(P)-binding; Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the AhpC protein; Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (521 aa)
tolAMembrane anchored protein in TolA-TolQ-TolR complex; Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. Is also involved in the uptake of group A colicins (colicins A, E1, E2, E3, and K) and in the uptake of filamentous phage DNA. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. Belongs to the TolA family. (421 aa)
tolBPeriplasmic protein; Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. TolB occupies a key intermediary position in the Tol-Pal system because it communicates directly with both membrane-embedded components, Pal in the outer membrane and TolA in the inner membrane. Is also involved in the uptake of some colicins A. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. (430 aa)
modAMolybdate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex ModABC involved in the transport of molybdenum into the cell. Binds molybdate with high affinity in vitro and with a similar affinity in vivo. Binds tungstate with high affinity in vitro. Binds unnatural anion perrhenate with high affinity in vitro. Does not bind sulfate, phosphate, arsenate, selenate, chlorate, metavanadate, nitrate, perchlorate, permanganate or carbonate. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein ModA family. (257 aa)
ybjCDUF1418 family protein. (95 aa)
hcpHybrid-cluster [4Fe-2S-2O] subunit of anaerobic terminal reductases; Catalyzes the reduction of hydroxylamine to form NH(3) and H(2)O. Is also able to reduce hydroxylamine analogs such as methylhydroxylamine and hydroxyquinone. Might have a role as a scavenger of potentially toxic by-products of nitrate metabolism. Belongs to the HCP family. (550 aa)
trxBThioredoxin reductase, FAD/NAD(P)-binding; Thioredoxin reductase; Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (321 aa)
lrpLeucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes. (164 aa)
rpmF50S ribosomal subunit protein L32; Protein involved in structural constituent of ribosome and translation. (57 aa)
ariRRcsB connector protein for regulation of biofilm and acid-resistance; Probably a connector protein for RcsB/C regulation of biofilm and acid-resistance, providing additional signal input into the two- component signaling pathway. May serve to stimulate biofilm maturation, via the Rcs phosphorelay. Regulates expression of genes involved in acid-resistance and biofilm formation, including the RcsB/C two- component system. May be a non-specific DNA-binding protein that binds genes and/or intergenic regions via a geometric recognition. Also confers resistance to H(2)O(2). Overexpression at [...] (88 aa)
ychHDUF2583 family putative inner membrane protein. (92 aa)
narXSensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate. (598 aa)
uspEStress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (316 aa)
fnrOxygen-sensing anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional regulator FNR; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration. (250 aa)
cybBCytochrome b561; B-type di-heme cytochrome with a major alpha-absorption peak at 561 nm and a minor peak at 555 nm. (176 aa)
adhPEthanol-active dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase; Preferred specificity is towards 1-propanol; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (336 aa)
osmCLipoyl-dependent Cys-based peroxidase, hydroperoxide resistance; Preferentially metabolizes organic hydroperoxides over inorganic hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the OsmC/Ohr family. (143 aa)
eamACysteine and O-acetyl-L-serine efflux system; May be an export pump for cysteine and other metabolites of the cysteine pathway (such as N-acetyl-L-serine (NAS) and O-acetyl-L- serine (OAS)), and for other amino acids and their metabolites. Belongs to the EamA transporter family. (299 aa)
ydeIHydrogen peroxide resistance OB fold protein; putative periplasmic protein. (130 aa)
gstAGlutathionine S-transferase; Catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Shows activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid. Also possesses thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase activity, using GSH to reduce bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS). Has a low level of glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. Is important for defense against oxidative stress, probably via its peroxidase activity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Beta family. (201 aa)
sodCSuperoxide dismutase, Cu, Zn, periplasmic; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (173 aa)
sodBSuperoxide dismutase, Fe; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (193 aa)
mdtKMultidrug efflux system transporter; Multidrug efflux pump that probably functions as a Na(+)/drug antiporter. Confers resistance to many drugs such as fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin) and tetraphenylphosphonium ion (TPP). Also to deoxycholate, doxorubicin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, ethidium bromide and benzalkonium. Also able to export peptides; when overexpressed, allows cells deleted for multiple peptidases (pepA, pepB, pepD and pepN) to grow in the presence of dipeptides Ala-Gln or Gly-Tyr which otherwise inhibit growth. Cells overexpressing [...] (457 aa)
btuEGlutathione peroxidase; Non-specific peroxidase that can use thioredoxin or glutathione as a reducing agent. In vitro, utilizes preferentially thioredoxin A to decompose hydrogen peroxide as well as cumene-, tert- butyl-, and linoleic acid hydroperoxides, suggesting that it may have one or more organic hydroperoxide as its physiological substrate. Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. BtuE subfamily. (183 aa)
rclBReactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance periplasmic protein; Probably involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance; Belongs to the BhsA/McbA family. (78 aa)
rclCInner membrane protein RclC; Probably involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance. (197 aa)
paoAPaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, 2Fe-2S subunit; Oxidizes aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with a preference for aromatic aldehydes. It might play a role in the detoxification of aldehydes to avoid cell damage. (229 aa)
paoBPaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, FAD-containing subunit; Oxidizes aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with a preference for aromatic aldehydes. It might play a role in the detoxification of aldehydes to avoid cell damage. (318 aa)
paoCPaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, Moco-containing subunit; Oxidizes aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with a preference for aromatic aldehydes. It might play a role in the detoxification of aldehydes to avoid cell damage. Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (732 aa)
craTranscriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator. (334 aa)
rclAReactive chlorine stress species (RCS) resistance protein; Probably involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance. (441 aa)
folADihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. (159 aa)
tatDQuality control of Tat-exported FeS proteins; 3'-5' exonuclease that prefers single-stranded DNA and RNA. May play a role in the H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage repair. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family. TatD subfamily. (260 aa)
yhaMPutative L-serine dehydratase alpha chain; Plays a role in L-cysteine detoxification; it has been speculated to be a cysteine desulfhydrase. (436 aa)
yjjQPutative regulator. (241 aa)
yjjBDUF3815 family inner membrane protein. (157 aa)
tsrMethyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I, serine sensor receptor; Receptor for the attractant L-serine and related amino acids. Is also responsible for chemotaxis away from a wide range of repellents, including leucine, indole, and weak acids. (551 aa)
mrrMethylated adenine and cytosine restriction protein; Involved in the acceptance of foreign DNA which is modified. Restricts both adenine- and cytosine-methylated DNA. (304 aa)
blcOuter membrane lipoprotein cell division and growth lipocalin; Involved in the storage or transport of lipids necessary for membrane maintenance under stressful conditions. Displays a binding preference for lysophospholipids; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (177 aa)
yjeHPutative transporter; Catalyzes the efflux of L-methionine. Can also export L- leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine. Activity is dependent on electrochemical potential. (418 aa)
malEMaltose transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Binds maltose and higher maltodextrins such as maltotriose. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family. (396 aa)
yjaAStress-induced protein. (127 aa)
katGCatalase-peroxidase HPI, heme b-containing; Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity. Displays also NADH oxidase, INH lyase and isonicotinoyl-NAD synthase activity; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Peroxidase/catalase subfamily. (726 aa)
fprferredoxin-NADP reductase; Transports electrons between flavodoxin or ferredoxin and NADPH. Reduces flavodoxin 1, flavodoxin 2 and ferredoxin, ferredoxin being the kinetically and thermodynamically preferred partner. Required for the activation of several enzymes such as pyruvate formate-lyase, anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase and cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family. (248 aa)
uspDStress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (142 aa)
sodASuperoxide dismutase, Mn; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (206 aa)
asnCTranscriptional activator of asnA; Activator of asnA transcription; autogenous regulator of its own transcription; and repressor of the expression of gidA at a post- transcriptional level. (152 aa)
aldBAldehyde dehydrogenase B; Catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidation of diverse aldehydes such as chloroacetaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde, mafosfamide, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Its preferred substrates are acetaldehyde and chloroacetaldehyde. (512 aa)
yhjAProtein involved in cytochrome complex assembly. (465 aa)
uspBProtein involved in response to stress and xenobiotic metabolic process. (111 aa)
yhcNCadmium and peroxide resistance protein, stress-induced. (87 aa)
yhaOPutative transporter; Plays a role in L-cysteine detoxification. May transport both D- and L-serine (By similarity). Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. SdaC/TdcC subfamily. (443 aa)
yqiIFimbrial protein; May be involved in a fimbrial system chaperoned by YqiH and exported by YqiG. (354 aa)
ygiWHydrogen peroxide and cadmium resistance periplasmic protein; stress-induced OB-fold protein. (130 aa)
yqhDAldehyde reductase, NADPH-dependent; NADP-dependent ADH activity; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (387 aa)
tarMethyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II; Receptor for the attractant L-aspartate and related amino and dicarboxylic acids. Tar also mediates taxis to the attractant maltose via an interaction with the periplasmic maltose binding protein. Tar mediates taxis away from the repellents cobalt and nickel. (553 aa)
yodDUncharacterized protein. (75 aa)
hchAProtein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, [...] (283 aa)
yedYMembrane-anchored, periplasmic TMAO, DMSO reductase; Part of the MsrPQ system that repairs oxidized periplasmic proteins containing methionine sulfoxide residues (Met-O), using respiratory chain electrons. Thus protects these proteins from oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive species of oxygen and chlorine. MsrPQ is essential for the maintenance of envelope integrity under bleach stress, rescuing a wide series of structurally unrelated periplasmic proteins from methionine oxidation, including the primary periplasmic chaperone SurA and the lipoprotein Pal. The catalytic subunit Ms [...] (334 aa)
zinTZinc and cadmium binding protein, periplasmic; May function as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or mediate direct transport of zinc from the periplasm to the cytoplasm under zinc-limited conditions. Binds zinc with high affinity, and can also bind cadmium, mercury or nickel. Preferentially binds Zn(2+) over Cd(2+). Contains one high affinity metal binding site, and can bind additional metal ions at other sites; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. ZinT family. (216 aa)
rcnBPeriplasmic modulator of Ni and Co efflux; Influences nickel and cobalt homeostasis. May act by modulating RcnA-mediated export of these ions to avoid excess efflux. Not involved in nickel import and does not bind nickel or cobalt ions directly; Belongs to the RcnB family. (112 aa)
yeiGS-formylglutathione hydrolase; Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde. Hydrolyzes S-formylglutathione to glutathione and formate. Shows also esterase activity against alpha-naphthyl acetate, lactoylglutathione, palmitoyl-CoA and several pNP-esters of short chain fatty acids. (278 aa)
lysPLysine transporter; Permease that is involved in the transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of lysine; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Amino acid transporter (AAT) (TC 2.A.3.1) family. (489 aa)
alkBOxidative demethylase of N1-methyladenine or N3-methylcytosine DNA lesions; Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3- methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha- ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not t [...] (216 aa)
yfcFGlutathione S-transferase; Exhibits glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity toward 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB); however this activity is as low as 1% of that of GstA. Also displays a GSH-dependent peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. Is involved in defense against oxidative stress, probably via its peroxidase activity. (214 aa)
hemFCoproporphyrinogen III oxidase; Involved in the heme biosynthesis. Catalyzes the aerobic oxidative decarboxylation of propionate groups of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen-III to yield the vinyl groups in protoporphyrinogen- IX. (299 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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