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| | malS | Alpha-amylase; Since only maltooligosaccharides up to a chain length of 6 glucose units are actively transported through the cytoplasmic membrane via the membrane-bound complex of three proteins, MalF, MalG, and MalK, longer maltooligosaccharides must first be degraded by the periplasmic alpha-amylase, the MalS protein; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (676 aa) |
| | surA | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase); Chaperone involved in the correct folding and assembly of outer membrane proteins, such as OmpA, OmpF and LamB. Recognizes specific patterns of aromatic residues and the orientation of their side chains, which are found more frequently in integral outer membrane proteins. May act in both early periplasmic and late outer membrane- associated steps of protein maturation. Essential for the survival of E.coli in stationary phase. Required for pilus biogenesis. (428 aa) |
| | lptD | LPS assembly OM complex LptDE, beta-barrel component; Together with LptE, is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane. Contributes to n-hexane resistance. (784 aa) |
| | thiB | Thiamine/thiamine pyrophosphate/thiamine monophosphate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex ThiBPQ involved in thiamine import. Binds thiamine, thiamine phosphate and thiamine diphosphate with high affinity ; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family. (327 aa) |
| | cueO | Multicopper oxidase (laccase); Probably involved in periplasmic detoxification of copper by oxidizing Cu(+) to Cu(2+) and thus preventing its uptake into the cytoplasm. Possesses phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities and might be involved in the production of polyphenolic compounds and the prevention of oxidative damage in the periplasm. (516 aa) |
| | mrcB | Fused glycosyl transferase and transpeptidase; Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits); In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family. (844 aa) |
| | fhuA | Ferrichrome outer membrane transporter; Involved in the uptake of iron in complex with ferrichrome, a hydroxamate-type siderophore. Binds and transports ferrichrome-iron across the outer membrane. In addition to its role in ferrichrome-iron transport, transports the antibiotic albomycin, which is a structural analog of ferrichrome, and acts as a receptor for colicin M, microcin J25 and bacteriophages T1, T5, phi80 and UC-1. The energy source, which is required for all FhuA functions except infection by phage T5, is provided by the inner membrane TonB system. (747 aa) |
| | fhuD | Iron(3+)-hydroxamate import ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex FhuCDB involved in iron(3+)-hydroxamate import. Binds the iron(3+)-hydroxamate complex and transfers it to the membrane-bound permease. Required for the transport of all iron(3+)-hydroxamate siderophores such as ferrichrome, gallichrome, desferrioxamine, coprogen, aerobactin, shizokinen, rhodotorulic acid and the antibiotic albomycin. (296 aa) |
| | btuF | Vitamin B12 ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex BtuCDF involved in vitamin B12 import. Binds vitamin B12 and delivers it to the periplasmic surface of BtuC. (266 aa) |
| | degP | Serine endoprotease (protease Do), membrane-associated; DegP acts as a chaperone at low temperatures but switches to a peptidase (heat shock protein) at higher temperatures. Degrades transiently denatured and unfolded or misfolded proteins which accumulate in the periplasm following heat shock or other stress conditions. DegP is efficient with Val-Xaa and Ile-Xaa peptide bonds, suggesting a preference for beta-branched side chain amino acids. Only unfolded proteins devoid of disulfide bonds appear capable of being cleaved, thereby preventing non-specific proteolysis of folded proteins. [...] (474 aa) |
| | bamA | BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor; Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Constitutes, with BamD, the core component of the assembly machinery. Efficient substrate folding and insertion into the outer membrane requires all 5 subunits. A lateral gate may open between the first and last strands of the BamA beta-barrel that allows substrate to insert into the outer membrane; comparison of the structures of complete and nearly complete Ba [...] (810 aa) |
| | nlpE | Lipoprotein involved with copper homeostasis and adhesion; Involved in copper homeostasis, could be involved in both copper efflux and the delivery of copper to copper-dependent enzymes. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Functions during envelope stress responses; when overproduced induces degP through the activation of the two-component envelope stress response system CpxA/CpxR. DegP induction seems to require membrane anchoring of this protein. Structural changes and/or interaction of the CXXC m [...] (236 aa) |
| | rcsF | Putative outer membrane protein; Essential component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. Plays a role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the histidine kinase RcsC. May detect outer membrane defects. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. Belongs to the RcsF family. (134 aa) |
| | ivy | Inhibitor of c-type lysozyme, periplasmic; Strong inhibitor of lysozyme C. (157 aa) |
| | yaiO | Outer membrane protein. (257 aa) |
| | yaiW | Microcin Bac7 uptake protein; outer membrane surface-exposed lipoprotein. (364 aa) |
| | phoA | Alkaline phosphatase; start codon corrected; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process; Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family. (471 aa) |
| | tsx | Nucleoside channel, receptor of phage T6 and colicin K; Functions as substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxynucleosides. Has a greater affinity for deoxynucleosides than for nucleosides, and does not transport free bases. In addition, constitutes the receptor for colicin K and phage T6. Belongs to the nucleoside-specific channel-forming outer membrane porin (Tsx) (TC 1.B.10) family. (294 aa) |
| | ybaV | Putative competence-suppressing periplasmic helix-hairpin-helix DNA-binding protein. (123 aa) |
| | acrB | Multidrug efflux system protein; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates. (1049 aa) |
| | acrA | Multidrug efflux system; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates. This subunit may act as an adapter protein that links AcrB and TolC stably together. It is elongated in shape, being long enough to span the periplasm. (397 aa) |
| | ushA | Bifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5'-nucleotidase; Degradation of external UDP-glucose to uridine monophosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, which can then be used by the cell. (550 aa) |
| | tesA | acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 and protease I and lysophospholipase L1; TesA is a multifunctional esterase that can act as a thioesterase, lysophospholipase and protease. TesA functions as a thioesterase specific for fatty acyl thioesters of greater than ten carbons, with highest activity on palmitoyl-CoA, cis-vaccenyl-CoA and palmitoleoyl-CoA. TesA also possesses an arylesterase activity towards short acyl-chain aromatic esters such as alpha-naphthyl acetate, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and phenyl acetate. Also able to hydrolyze short acyl-chain triacylglycerols such as triacetin [...] (208 aa) |
| | ybcL | Inactive polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration suppressor; DLP12 prophage; UPF0098 family secreted protein. (183 aa) |
| | insH1-2 | DLP12 prophage; truncated outer membrane porin (pseudogene);IS, phage, Tn; Phage or Prophage Related; outer membrane porin protein; locus of qsr prophage. (338 aa) |
| | ompT | DLP12 prophage; Protease that can cleave T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), antimicrobial peptide protamine and other proteins. This protease has a specificity for paired basic residues. (317 aa) |
| | nfrA | Bacteriophage N4 receptor, outer membrane subunit; (Microbial infection) Allows N4 phage attachment by binding to the viral non-contractile sheath protein. (990 aa) |
| | cusB | Copper/silver efflux system, membrane fusion protein; Part of a cation efflux system that mediates resistance to copper and silver. (407 aa) |
| | fepA | Ferrienterobactin outer membrane transporter; This protein is involved in the initial step of iron uptake by binding ferrienterobactin (Fe-ENT), an iron chelatin siderophore that allows E.coli to extract iron from the environment. FepA also acts as a receptor for colicins B and D. (746 aa) |
| | fepB | Ferrienterobactin ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Binds ferrienterobactin; part of the binding-protein- dependent transport system for uptake of ferrienterobactin. (318 aa) |
| | dsbG | Thiol:disulfide interchange protein, periplasmic; Involved in disulfide bond formation. DsbG and DsbC are part of a periplasmic reducing system that controls the level of cysteine sulfenylation, and provides reducing equivalents to rescue oxidatively damaged secreted proteins such as ErfK, YbiS and YnhG. Probably also functions as a disulfide isomerase with a narrower substrate specificity than DsbC. DsbG is maintained in a reduced state by DsbD. Displays chaperone activity in both redox states in vitro. Belongs to the thioredoxin family. DsbC subfamily. (248 aa) |
| | rna | Ribonuclease I; One of the few RNases that cleaves the phosphodiester bond between any two nucleotide. Shows a preference for cytidylic or guanylic acid. (268 aa) |
| | pagP | Phospholipid:lipid A palmitoyltransferase; Transfers a palmitate residue from the sn-1 position of a phospholipid to the N-linked hydroxymyristate on the proximal unit of lipid A or its precursors. Phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidic acid (Ptd-OH) are all effective acyl donors. (186 aa) |
| | dacA | D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5); Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors. (403 aa) |
| | rlpA | Septal ring protein, suppressor of prc, minor lipoprotein; Lytic transglycosylase with a strong preference for naked glycan strands that lack stem peptides; Belongs to the RlpA family. (362 aa) |
| | lptE | LPS assembly OM complex LptDE, lipoprotein component; Together with LptD, is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane. Required for the proper assembly of LptD. Binds LPS and may serve as the LPS recognition site at the outer membrane. Belongs to the LptE lipoprotein family. (193 aa) |
| | gltI | Glutamate/aspartate periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex GltIJKL involved in glutamate and aspartate uptake. Binds to both glutamate and aspartate. (302 aa) |
| | lnt | Apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase; Catalyzes the phospholipid dependent N-acylation of the N- terminal cysteine of apolipoprotein, the last step in lipoprotein maturation. Utilizes a two-step reaction via a ping-pong mechanism. Lnt undergoes covalent modification in the presence of phospholipids, resulting in a thioester acyl-enzyme intermediate. It then transfers the acyl chain to the amine group of the N-terminal diacylglyceryl-modified cysteine of apolipoprotein, leading to the formation of mature triacylated lipoprotein. In vitro, can utilize the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolami [...] (512 aa) |
| | kdpD | Fused sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with KdpE: signal sensing protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. KdpD may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates KdpE in response to environmental signals. (894 aa) |
| | tolQ | Membrane spanning protein in TolA-TolQ-TolR complex; Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. Required, with TolR, for the proton motive force-dependent activation of TolA and for TolA-Pal interaction. Is also involved in the uptake of group A colicins (colicins A, E1, E2, E3, and K) and in the uptake of filamentous phage DNA. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. Belongs to the ExbB/TolQ family. (230 aa) |
| | tolB | Periplasmic protein; Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. TolB occupies a key intermediary position in the Tol-Pal system because it communicates directly with both membrane-embedded components, Pal in the outer membrane and TolA in the inner membrane. Is also involved in the uptake of some colicins A. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. (430 aa) |
| | pal | Peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein; Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. (173 aa) |
| | ybgF | Periplasmic TolA-binding protein; Mediates coordination of peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane constriction during cell division. Promotes physical and functional coordination of the PBP1B-LpoB and Tol machines, and regulates PBP1B activity in response to Tol energy state. (263 aa) |
| | acrZ | AcrAB-TolC efflux pump accessory protein, membrane-associated; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with a broad substrate specificity. This protein binds to AcrB and is required for efflux of some but not all substrates, suggesting it may influence the specificity of drug export. (49 aa) |
| | modA | Molybdate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex ModABC involved in the transport of molybdenum into the cell. Binds molybdate with high affinity in vitro and with a similar affinity in vivo. Binds tungstate with high affinity in vitro. Binds unnatural anion perrhenate with high affinity in vitro. Does not bind sulfate, phosphate, arsenate, selenate, chlorate, metavanadate, nitrate, perchlorate, permanganate or carbonate. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein ModA family. (257 aa) |
| | ybhC | acyl-CoA thioesterase, lipoprotein; Putative thioesterase. Does not bind pectin, and has no pectinesterase activity; Belongs to the pectinesterase family. (427 aa) |
| | fiu | Catecholate siderophore receptor; Involved in the active transport across the outer membrane of iron complexed with catecholate siderophores such as dihydroxybenzoylserine and dihydroxybenzoate. It derives its energy for transport by interacting with the trans-periplasmic membrane protein TonB. Can also transport catechol-substituted cephalosporins. Receptor for microcins M, H47 and E492. (760 aa) |
| | glnH | Glutamine transporter subunit; Involved in a glutamine-transport system GlnHPQ. (248 aa) |
| | ompX | Outer membrane protein X; Belongs to the outer membrane OOP (TC 1.B.6) superfamily. OmpX family. (171 aa) |
| | ldtB | L,D-transpeptidase linking Lpp to murein; Responsible, at least in part, for anchoring of the major outer membrane lipoprotein (Lpp, also known as the Braun lipoprotein) to the peptidoglycan via a meso-diaminopimelyl-L-Lys- bond on the terminal residue of Lpp. Can be oxidized in vivo, its reduction depends preferentially on DsbG, although DsbC is able to partially replace DsbG; Belongs to the YkuD family. (306 aa) |
| | gsiB | Glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex GsiABCD involved in glutathione import. Binds glutathione ; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (512 aa) |
| | yliI | Soluble aldose sugar dehydrogenase; Aldose sugar dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity. The physiological substrate is unknown. Can oxidize glucose to gluconolactone. Can also utilize D-arabinose, L-arabinose and 2-deoxy- glucose. Has higher activity towards oligomeric sugars, such as maltose, maltotriose or cellobiose. It may function to input sugar- derived electrons into the respiratory network. (371 aa) |
| | dacC | D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase; Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors. (400 aa) |
| | potF | Putrescine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Required for the activity of the bacterial periplasmic transport system of putrescine. Polyamine binding protein. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein PotD/PotF family. (370 aa) |
| | artJ | Arginine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex ArtPIQMJ involved in arginine transport. Binds L-arginine with high affinity. (243 aa) |
| | artI | Arginine transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex ArtPIQMJ involved in arginine transport. (243 aa) |
| | lolA | Lipoprotein chaperone; Participates in the translocation of lipoproteins from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Only forms a complex with a lipoprotein if the residue after the N-terminal Cys is not an aspartate (The Asp acts as a targeting signal to indicate that the lipoprotein should stay in the inner membrane); the inner membrane retention signal functions at the release step. (203 aa) |
| | ycbK | M15A protease-related family periplasmic protein. (182 aa) |
| | ompF | Outer membrane porin 1a (Ia;b;F); Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (362 aa) |
| | pqiB | Paraquat-inducible, SoxRS-regulated MCE domain protein; Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity. May directly span the intermembrane space, facilitating the transport of substrates across the periplasm (Probable); Belongs to the PqiB family. (546 aa) |
| | pqiC | DUF330 family putative lipoprotein; Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity. (187 aa) |
| | ompA | Outer membrane protein A (3a;II*;G;d); With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm (Probable). Plays a role in resistance to environmental stress, and a role in outer membrane functionality and cell shape. Non-covalently binds peptidoglycan (Probable). Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes. A very abundant protein, there can be up to 210,000 OmpA molecules per cell. Reconstitution in unilamellar lipid vesicles shows only about 3% of the protein is in an open conformation, whic [...] (346 aa) |
| | hyaB | Hydrogenase 1, large subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase large subunit family. (597 aa) |
| | appA | Phosphoanhydride phosphorylase; pH 2.5 acid phosphatase; periplasmic; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process and response to starvation. (432 aa) |
| | torC | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase I, cytochrome c-type subunit; Part of the anaerobic respiratory chain of trimethylamine-N- oxide reductase TorA. Acts by transferring electrons from the membranous menaquinones to TorA. This transfer probably involves an electron transfer pathway from menaquinones to the N-terminal domain of TorC, then from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, and finally to TorA. TorC apocytochrome negatively autoregulates the torCAD operon probably by inhibiting the TorS kinase activity. (390 aa) |
| | agp | Glucose-1-phosphatase/inositol phosphatase; Absolutely required for the growth of E.coli in a high- phosphate medium containing G-1-P as the sole carbon source; Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. (413 aa) |
| | efeB | Deferrrochelatase, periplasmic; Involved in the recovery of exogenous heme iron. Extracts iron from heme while preserving the tetrapyrrol ring intact. Also displays peroxidase activity on guaiacol in vitro. (423 aa) |
| | pgaA | Biofilm adhesin polysaccharide PGA secretin; Exports the biofilm adhesin polysaccharide poly-beta-1,6-N- acetyl-D-glucosamine (PGA) across the outer membrane. The PGA transported seems to be partially N-deacetylated since N-deacetylation of PGA by PgaB is needed for PGA export through the PgaA porin. (807 aa) |
| | csgG | Curli production assembly/transport outer membrane lipoprotein; May be involved in the biogenesis of curli organelles. (277 aa) |
| | csgF | Curli nucleation outer membrane protein; May be involved in the biogenesis of curli organelles. (138 aa) |
| | csgE | Curlin secretion specificity factor; May be involved in the biogenesis of curli organelles. (129 aa) |
| | csgB | Curlin nucleator protein, minor subunit in curli complex; Curlin is the structural subunit of the curli fimbriae. Curli are coiled surface structures that assemble preferentially at growth temperatures below 37 degrees Celsius. Curli can bind to fibronectin. The minor subunit is the nucleation component of curlin monomers. Coexpression of cellulose and thin aggregative fimbriae (curli fimbrae or fibers) leads to a hydrophobic network with tightly packed cells embedded in a highly inert matrix that confers cohesion, elasticity and tissue-like properties to colonies. Belongs to the CsgA/ [...] (151 aa) |
| | yceK | Outer membrane integrity lipoprotein; To E.coli YidQ. (75 aa) |
| | flgG | Flagellar biosynthesis, cell-distal portion of basal-body rod; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (260 aa) |
| | fhuE | Ferric-rhodotorulic acid outer membrane transporter; Required for the uptake of Fe(3+) via coprogen, ferrioxamine B, and rhodotorulic acid. (729 aa) |
| | lpoB | OM lipoprotein stimulator of MrcB transpeptidase; Regulator of peptidoglycan synthesis that is essential for the function of penicillin-binding protein 1B (PBP1b). Stimulates transpeptidase and transglycosylase activities of PBP1b in vitro. May also contribute to outer membrane constriction during cell division, in complex with PBP1b. (213 aa) |
| | bhsA | Biofilm, cell surface and signaling protein; Reduces the permeability of the outer membrane to copper. Seems to be involved in the regulation of biofilm formation. May decrease biofilm formation by repressing cell-cell interaction and cell surface interaction; Belongs to the BhsA/McbA family. (85 aa) |
| | lolC | Lipoprotein-releasing system transmembrane protein; Part of an ATP-dependent transport system LolCDE responsible for the release of lipoproteins targeted to the outer membrane from the inner membrane. Such a release is dependent of the sorting-signal (absence of an Asp at position 2 of the mature lipoprotein) and of LolA. (399 aa) |
| | potD | Spermidine/putrescine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Required for the activity of the bacterial periplasmic transport system of putrescine and spermidine. Polyamine binding protein; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein PotD/PotF family. (348 aa) |
| | ymgD | Uncharacterized protein YmgD; Pseudogene; putative ATP-binding component of a transport system. (109 aa) |
| | emtA | Lytic murein endotransglycosylase E; Murein-degrading enzyme. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. Preferentially cleaves at a distance of more than two disaccharide units from the ends of the glycan chain. Prefers cross-linked murein in vivo; Belongs to the transglycosylase Slt family. (203 aa) |
| | treA | Periplasmic trehalase; Provides the cells with the ability to utilize trehalose at high osmolarity by splitting it into glucose molecules that can subsequently be taken up by the phosphotransferase-mediated uptake system. (565 aa) |
| | lolB | Lipoprotein localization factor; Plays a critical role in the incorporation of lipoproteins in the outer membrane after they are released by the LolA protein. Essential for E.coli viability; Belongs to the LolB family. (207 aa) |
| | oppA | Oligopeptide ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; This protein is a component of the oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system, it binds peptides up to five amino acids long with high affinity; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (543 aa) |
| | tonB | Membrane spanning protein in TonB-ExbB-ExbD transport complex; Interacts with outer membrane receptor proteins that carry out high-affinity binding and energy dependent uptake into the periplasmic space of specific substrates such as cobalamin, and various iron compounds (such as iron dicitrate, enterochelin, aerobactin, etc.). In the absence of TonB these receptors bind their substrates but do not carry out active transport. TonB also interacts with some colicins and is involved in the energy-dependent, irreversible steps of bacteriophages phi 80 and T1 infection. It could act to tran [...] (239 aa) |
| | ompW | Outer membrane protein W; Acts as a receptor for colicin S4. (212 aa) |
| | pgpB | Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase B; Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of diacylglycerol diphosphate (DGPP) to phosphatidate (PA) and the subsequent dephosphorylation of PA to diacylglycerol (DAG). Also has undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase activity, required for the biosynthesis of the lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate. Can also use lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phosphatidylglycerophosphate as substrates. The pattern of activities varies according to subcellular location, PGP phosphatase activity is higher in the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas PA and LPA phosphatase activities are [...] (254 aa) |
| | osmB | Osmotically and stress inducible lipoprotein; Provides resistance to osmotic stress. May be important for stationary-phase survival. (72 aa) |
| | pspE | Thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase (rhodanese); The phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) may play a significant role in the competition for survival under nutrient- or energy-limited conditions. PspE catalyzes the sulfur-transfer reaction from thiosulfate to cyanide, to form sulfite and thiocyanate. Also able to use dithiol (dithiothreitol) as an alternate sulfur acceptor. Also possesses a very low mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity. (104 aa) |
| | ompG | Outer membrane porin G; Forms channels functionally larger than those of classical porins. (301 aa) |
| | mppA | Murein tripeptide (L-ala-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-DAP) transporter subunit; Essential for the uptake of the murein peptide L-alanyl- gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate. Also transports some alpha- linked peptides such as Pro-Phe-Lys with low affinity. The transport is effected by the oligopeptide permease system; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (537 aa) |
| | ompN | Outer membrane pore protein N, non-specific; Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane (By similarity). Non-specific porin. (377 aa) |
| | opgD | OPG biosynthetic periplasmic protein; Probably involved in the control of the structural glucose backbone of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). (551 aa) |
| | ydcS | Putative ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Catalyzes the formation of short polymers of R-3- hydroxybutyrate (cPHB). Involved in natural transformation. Probably part of the ABC transporter complex YdcSTUV. During natural transformation, may bind dsDNA and convey it to the inner membrane channel formed by YdcV (Probable). Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein PotD/PotF family. (381 aa) |
| | yncD | Putative iron outer membrane transporter; Probable receptor, TonB-dependent. (700 aa) |
| | fdnG | Formate dehydrogenase-N, alpha subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The alpha subunit FdnG contains the formate oxidation site. Electrons are transferred from formate to menaquinone in the gamma subunit (FdnI), through the 4Fe-4S clusters in the beta subunit (FdnH). Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar). (1015 aa) |
| | yddW | Liprotein, glycosyl hydrolase homolog. (439 aa) |
| | pqqL | Putative periplasmic M16 family zinc metalloendopeptidase; Putative zinc protease. (931 aa) |
| | yddB | Putative TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor; To H.influenzae HI_1369. (790 aa) |
| | ydeN | Putative Ser-type periplasmic non-aryl sulfatase; Putative sulfatase; Protein involved in sulfur metabolic process; Belongs to the sulfatase family. (560 aa) |
| | marB | Periplasmic mar operon regulator; Multiple antibiotic resistance protein; Protein involved in response to drug and xenobiotic metabolic process. (72 aa) |
| | dcp | Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase II; Removes dipeptides from the C-termini of N-blocked tripeptides, tetrapeptides and larger peptides. Belongs to the peptidase M3 family. (681 aa) |
| | ynfB | UPF0482 family putative periplasmic protein. (113 aa) |
| | asr | Acid shock-inducible periplasmic protein; Required for growth and/or survival at acidic conditions (pH 4.5). Needed for the adaptation process at pH 4.5 that enables cells to survive at extremely low pH (pH 2.0); Belongs to the Asr family. (102 aa) |
| | uidC | Putative outer membrane porin for beta-glucuronides porin protein; Enhances the activity of the UidB (GusB) glucuronide transporter, on its own however it has no transport activity. Glucuronide transport does not occur in strain K12 due to a variant at position 100 of the UidB (GusB, AC P0CE44, AC P0CE45) protein. (421 aa) |
| | rsxG | SoxR iron-sulfur cluster reduction factor component; Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane (By similarity). Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. Probably transfers electron from NAD(P)H to SoxR. Belongs to the RnfG family. (206 aa) |
| | mliC | Inhibitor of c-type lysozyme, membrane-bound; Specifically inhibits C-type lysozymes. Belongs to the MliC family. Type 1 subfamily. (109 aa) |
| | slyB | Putative outer membrane protein; Belongs to the Pcp/SlyB lipoprotein family. (155 aa) |
| | sodC | Superoxide dismutase, Cu, Zn, periplasmic; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (173 aa) |
| | ydhX | Putative 4Fe-4S ferridoxin-type protein; Putative oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit. (222 aa) |
| | lpp | Murein lipoprotein; An outer membrane lipoprotein that controls the distance between the inner and outer membranes; adding residues to Lpp increases the width of the periplasm. The only protein known to be covalently linked to the peptidoglycan network (PGN). Also non-covalently binds the PGN. The link between the cell outer membrane and PGN contributes to the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the cell envelope, and maintains the correct distance between the PGN and the outer membrane. The most adundant cellular protein, there can be up to 10(6) Lpp molecules pe [...] (78 aa) |
| | spy | Periplasmic ATP-independent protein refolding chaperone, stress-induced; An ATP-independent periplasmic chaperone, decreases protein aggregation and helps protein refolding. Binds substrate over a large region of its convex inner surface. Substrate protein folds while it is bound to chaperone. Increasing Spy flexibility increases its substrate affinity and overall chaperone activity (shown for 3 different substrates). Protects proteins in vitro against tannin inactivation; tannins have antimicrobial activity. Overexpression enhances the stability of otherwise unstable periplasmic prote [...] (161 aa) |
| | mipA | Scaffolding protein for murein synthesizing machinery; May serve as a scaffold protein required for the formation of a complex with MrcB/PonB and MltA, this complex could play a role in enlargement and septation of the murein sacculus. (248 aa) |
| | prc | Carboxy-terminal protease for penicillin-binding protein 3; Involved in the cleavage of a C-terminal peptide of 11 residues from the precursor form of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3). May be involved in protection of the bacterium from thermal and osmotic stresses. (682 aa) |
| | yebT | MCE domain protein; Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity. May directly span the intermembrane space, facilitating the transport of substrates across the periplasm (Probable); Belongs to the PqiB family. (877 aa) |
| | yobA | CopC family protein. (124 aa) |
| | torZ | Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase system III, catalytic subunit; Reduces trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) into trimethylamine; an anaerobic reaction coupled to energy-yielding reactions. Can also reduce other N- and S-oxide compounds such as 4-methylmorpholine-N- oxide and biotin sulfoxide (BSO), but with a lower catalytic efficiency; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (809 aa) |
| | araF | L-arabinose ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Involved in the high-affinity L-arabinose membrane transport system. Binds with high affinity to arabinose, but can also bind D- galactose (approximately 2-fold reduction) and D-fucose (approximately 40-fold reduction). (329 aa) |
| | fliY | Cystine transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex FliY-YecC-YecS involved in L-cystine transport. The system can probably also transport L- cysteine, and it mediates accumulation of the toxic compounds L- selenaproline (SCA) and L-selenocystine (SeCys). Binds cystine ; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 3 family. (266 aa) |
| | yedY | Membrane-anchored, periplasmic TMAO, DMSO reductase; Part of the MsrPQ system that repairs oxidized periplasmic proteins containing methionine sulfoxide residues (Met-O), using respiratory chain electrons. Thus protects these proteins from oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive species of oxygen and chlorine. MsrPQ is essential for the maintenance of envelope integrity under bleach stress, rescuing a wide series of structurally unrelated periplasmic proteins from methionine oxidation, including the primary periplasmic chaperone SurA and the lipoprotein Pal. The catalytic subunit Ms [...] (334 aa) |
| | zinT | Zinc and cadmium binding protein, periplasmic; May function as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or mediate direct transport of zinc from the periplasm to the cytoplasm under zinc-limited conditions. Binds zinc with high affinity, and can also bind cadmium, mercury or nickel. Preferentially binds Zn(2+) over Cd(2+). Contains one high affinity metal binding site, and can bind additional metal ions at other sites; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. ZinT family. (216 aa) |
| | flu | Novel sRNA, CP4-44; Controls colony form variation and autoaggregation. May function as an adhesin. (1039 aa) |
| | rcnB | Periplasmic modulator of Ni and Co efflux; Influences nickel and cobalt homeostasis. May act by modulating RcnA-mediated export of these ions to avoid excess efflux. Not involved in nickel import and does not bind nickel or cobalt ions directly; Belongs to the RcnB family. (112 aa) |
| | bglX | beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, periplasmic; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 3 family. (765 aa) |
| | mglB | Methyl-galactoside transporter subunit; This protein is involved in the active transport of galactose and glucose. It plays a role in the chemotaxis towards the two sugars by interacting with the trg chemoreceptor. (332 aa) |
| | cirA | Colicin IA outer membrane receptor and translocator; Not yet known. Postulated to participate in iron transport. Outer membrane receptor for colicins IA and IB. (663 aa) |
| | yejA | Periplasmic-binding component of ABC superfamily; To H.influenzae HbpA. (604 aa) |
| | eco | Ecotin, a serine protease inhibitor; General inhibitor of pancreatic serine proteases: inhibits chymotrypsin, trypsin, elastases, factor X, kallikrein as well as a variety of other proteases. The strength of inhibition does not appear to be correlated with a particular protease specificity. (162 aa) |
| | ompC | Outer membrane porin protein C; Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (367 aa) |
| | rcsC | Hybrid sensory kinase in two-component regulatory system with RcsB and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsC functions as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RcsD in response to environmental signals. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to the response regulator RcsB. RcsC has also phosphatase activity. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (949 aa) |
| | yfaZ | Outer membrane protein, putative porin. (180 aa) |
| | hisJ | Histidine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Binds histidine. Interacts with HisQMP and stimulates ATPase activity of HisP, which results in histidine translocation (By similarity). (260 aa) |
| | argT | Lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter subunit; Part of an ABC transporter involved in lysine, arginine and ornithine transport. Stimulates ATPase activity of HisP (By similarity). (260 aa) |
| | fadL | Long-chain fatty acid outer membrane transporter; Involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the outer membrane. It is a receptor for the bacteriophage T2. FadL may form a specific channel; Belongs to the OmpP1/FadL family. (446 aa) |
| | cysP | Thiosulfate-binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex CysAWTP (TC 3.A.1.6.1) involved in sulfate/thiosulfate import. This protein specifically binds thiosulfate and is involved in its transmembrane transport. (338 aa) |
| | amiA | N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase I; Cell-wall hydrolase involved in septum cleavage during cell division. Can also act as powerful autolysin in the presence of murein synthesis inhibitors. (289 aa) |
| | bamC | BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis lipoprotein; Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Nonessential member of the complex that stabilizes the interaction between the essential proteins BamA and BamD. Efficient substrate folding and insertion into the outer membrane requires all 5 subunits. A lateral gate may open between the first and last strands of the BamA beta-barrel that allows substrate to insert into the outer membrane; comparison of the structures of complete and nearly [...] (344 aa) |
| | bepA | OM protein maintenance and assembly metalloprotease and chaperone, periplasmic; Functions as both a chaperone and a metalloprotease. Maintains the integrity of the outer membrane by promoting either the assembly or the elimination of outer membrane proteins, depending on their folding state. Promotes disulfide rearrangement of LptD during its biogenesis, and proteolytic degradation of LptD and BamA when their proper assembly is compromised. May facilitate membrane attachment of LoiP under unfavorable conditions; Belongs to the peptidase M48 family. BepA subfamily. (487 aa) |
| | ppk | Polyphosphate kinase, component of RNA degradosome; Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to form a long-chain polyphosphate (polyP). Can form linear polymers of orthophosphate with chain lengths up to 1000 or more. Can use GTP instead of ATP, but the efficiency of GTP is 5% that of ATP. Also exhibits several other enzymatic activities, which include: ATP synthesis from polyP in the presence of excess ADP, general nucleoside- diphosphate kinase activity, linear guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate (ppppG) synthesis and autophosphorylation. (688 aa) |
| | yfgH | Putative outer membrane lipoprotein. (172 aa) |
| | bamB | BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis lipoprotein; Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Nonessential member of the complex, which may orient the flexible periplasmic domain of BamA for interaction with other Bam components, chaperones and nascent outer membrane proteins. Efficient substrate folding and insertion into the outer membrane requires all 5 subunits. A lateral gate may open between the first and last strands of the BamA beta-barrel that allows substrate to insert into t [...] (392 aa) |
| | yfhG | Putative outer membrane protein modulating the QseEF response; Putative alpha helix protein. (237 aa) |
| | mltF | Membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase F, murein hydrolase; Murein-degrading enzyme that degrades murein glycan strands and insoluble, high-molecular weight murein sacculi, with the concomitant formation of a 1,6-anhydromuramoyl product. Lytic transglycosylases (LTs) play an integral role in the metabolism of the peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus. Their lytic action creates space within the PG sacculus to allow for its expansion as well as for the insertion of various structures such as secretion systems and flagella. (518 aa) |
| | rseB | Anti-sigma E factor, binds RseA; Negatively modulates the activity of sigma-E (RpoE) by stabilizing RseA under non-stress conditions. Although not essential for association of sigma-E with Rsea it increases their affinity 2- to 3-fold. When bound to RseA it prevents proteolysis by DegS, which is probably relieved by lipopolysaccharide binding (LPS). Belongs to the RseB family. (318 aa) |
| | bamD | BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis lipoprotein; Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Constitutes, with BamA, the core component of the assembly machinery. Probably involved in transient protein interactions. Efficient substrate folding and insertion into the outer membrane requires all 5 subunits. A lateral gate may open between the first and last strands of the BamA beta-barrel that allows substrate to insert into the outer membrane; comparison of the structures of complete a [...] (245 aa) |
| | bamE | Lipoprotein component of BamABCDE OM biogenesis complex; Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Nonessential member of the complex that stabilizes the interaction between the essential proteins BamA and BamD. May modulate the conformation of BamA, likely through interactions with BamD. Efficient substrate folding and insertion into the outer membrane requires all 5 subunits. A lateral gate may open between the first and last strands of the BamA beta-barrel that allows substr [...] (113 aa) |
| | proX | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Binds glycine betaine and proline betaine with high affinity. (330 aa) |
| | emrA | Multidrug efflux system; Part of the tripartite efflux system EmrAB-TolC, which confers resistance to antibiotics such as CCCP, FCCP, 2,4-dinitrophenol and nalidixic acid. EmrA is a drug-binding protein that provides a physical link between EmrB and TolC; Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family. (390 aa) |
| | mltB | Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase B; Murein-degrading enzyme. Catalyzes the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues in peptidoglycan. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. (361 aa) |
| | nlpD | Activator of AmiC murein hydrolase activity, lipoprotein; Activator of the cell wall hydrolase AmiC. Required for septal murein cleavage and daughter cell separation during cell division. (379 aa) |
| | iap | Aminopeptidase in alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion; This protein, presumably an aminopeptidase, mediates the conversion of E.coli alkaline phosphatase isozyme 1, to isozymes 2 and 3 by removing, one by one, the two N-terminal arginine residues. (345 aa) |
| | mltA | Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase A; Murein-degrading enzyme. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. Degrades murein glycan strands and insoluble, high-molecular weight murein sacculi. (365 aa) |
| | amiC | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cell-wall hydrolase involved in septum cleavage during cell division. Can also act as powerful autolysin in the presence of murein synthesis inhibitors; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 3 family. (417 aa) |
| | ptrA | Protease III; Endopeptidase that degrades small peptides of less than 7 kDa, such as glucagon and insulin. (962 aa) |
| | dsbC | Protein disulfide isomerase II; Acts as a disulfide isomerase, interacting with incorrectly folded proteins to correct non-native disulfide bonds. DsbG and DsbC are part of a periplasmic reducing system that controls the level of cysteine sulfenylation, and provides reducing equivalents to rescue oxidatively damaged secreted proteins. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process. DsbC is reoxidized by DsbD. (236 aa) |
| | loiP | Phe-Phe periplasmic metalloprotease, OM lipoprotein; Metalloprotease that cleaves substrates preferentially between Phe-Phe residues. Plays a role in response to some stress conditions. Seems to regulate the expression of speB. (252 aa) |
| | ansB | Periplasmic L-asparaginase 2; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process; Belongs to the asparaginase 1 family. (348 aa) |
| | mltC | Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase C; Murein-degrading enzyme. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. Belongs to the transglycosylase Slt family. (359 aa) |
| | yghG | Lipoprotein YghG; Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of folded proteins across the outer membrane. In a functional T2SS this subunit helps assemble the outer membrane channel; Belongs to the GspS/AspS pilotin family. (136 aa) |
| | ftsP | Septal ring component that protects the divisome from stress; Cell division protein that is required for growth during stress conditions. May be involved in protecting or stabilizing the divisomal assembly under conditions of stress. (470 aa) |
| | ygiS | Putative ABC transporter permease; Probably part of a deoxycholate transport system. Its expression in the presence of deoxycholate in a ygiS deletion mutant increases intracellular deoxycholate levels and decreases cell growth; higher expression in the presence of deoxycholate inhibits cell growth completely. Bile acid detergents such as deoxycholate are important for host defense against bacterial growth in the gall bladder and duodenum. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (535 aa) |
| | tolC | Transport channel; Outer membrane channel, which is required for the function of several efflux systems such as AcrAB-TolC, AcrEF-TolC, EmrAB-TolC and MacAB-TolC. These systems are involved in export of antibiotics and other toxic compounds from the cell. TolC is also involved in import of colicin E1 into the cells. (493 aa) |
| | ygiB | DUF1190 family protein; Belongs to the UPF0441 family. (223 aa) |
| | lpoA | OM lipoprotein stimulator of MrcA transpeptidase; Regulator of peptidoglycan synthesis that is essential for the function of penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP1a). Stimulates transpeptidase activity of PBP1a in vitro. (678 aa) |
| | yraP | Outer membrane lipoprotein; Putative periplasmic protein. (191 aa) |
| | mlaC | ABC transporter maintaining OM lipid asymmetry, periplasmic binding protein; Involved in a phospholipid transport pathway that maintains lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane by retrograde trafficking of phospholipids from the outer membrane to the inner membrane. May transfer phospholipid across the periplasmic space and deliver it to the MlaFEDB complex at the inner membrane. Belongs to the MlaC/ttg2D family. (211 aa) |
| | lptC | Periplasmic membrane-anchored LPS-binding protein; Involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for the translocation of LPS from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Facilitates the transfer of LPS from the inner membrane to the periplasmic protein LptA. Could be a docking site for LptA. Belongs to the LptC family. (191 aa) |
| | lptA | Lipopolysaccharide export ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for the translocation of LPS from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. May form a bridge between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, via interactions with LptC and LptD, thereby facilitating LPS transfer across the periplasm. (185 aa) |
| | gltF | Periplasmic protein; Involved in induction of the so-called NTR enzymes in response to nitrogen deprivation, as well as in glutamate biosynthesis. May mediate the glutamate-dependent repression of the GLT operon. (254 aa) |
| | degS | Serine endoprotease, periplasmic; A site-1 protease (S1P) that cleaves the peptide bond between 'Val-148' and 'Ser-149' in RseA. Part of a regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) cascade. When heat shock or other environmental stresses disrupt protein folding in the periplasm, DegS senses the accumulation of unassembled outer membrane porins (OMP) and then initiates RseA (anti sigma-E factor) degradation by cleaving its periplasmic domain, making it a substrate for subsequent cleavage by RseP. This cascade ultimately leads to the sigma-E-driven expression of a variety of factors deal [...] (355 aa) |
| | chiA | Periplasmic endochitinase; Bifunctional enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity. (897 aa) |
| | fkpA | FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase); PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. (270 aa) |
| | ppiA | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (rotamase A); PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides; Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. (190 aa) |
| | envZ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with OmpR; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. EnvZ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates OmpR in response to environmental signals; at low osmolarity OmpR activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Also dephosphorylates OmpR in the presence of ATP. The cytoplasmic dimerization domain (CDD) forms an osmosensitive core; increa [...] (450 aa) |
| | ggt | Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of periplasmic glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases; it may function in amino acid uptake/salvage, or possibly in peptidoglycan linkage. Catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of many gamma-glutamyl compounds (including some D- gamma-glutamyl substrates), with a preference for basic and aromatic amino acids as acce [...] (580 aa) |
| | ugpB | Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and glycerophosphoryl diester-binding protein interacts with the binding protein-dependent transport system UgpACE. (438 aa) |
| | livK | Leucine transporter subunit; This protein is a component of the leucine-specific transport system, which is one of the two periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems of the high-affinity transport of the branched-chain amino acids in E.coli; Belongs to the leucine-binding protein family. (369 aa) |
| | livJ | Branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; This protein is a component of the leucine, isoleucine, valine, (threonine) transport system, which is one of the two periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems of the high- affinity transport of the branched-chain amino acids; Belongs to the leucine-binding protein family. (367 aa) |
| | ftsX | Putative ABC transporter permease; Part of the ABC transporter FtsEX involved in cellular division. Important for assembly or stability of the septal ring. Encoded in an operon consisting of genes ftsY, ftsE and ftsX. Belongs to the ABC-4 integral membrane protein family. FtsX subfamily. (352 aa) |
| | nikA | Nickel/heme ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Involved in a nickel transport system, probably represents the nickel binder. (524 aa) |
| | hdeB | Acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection, which is important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity at acidic pH by preventing the aggregation of many different periplasmic proteins. (108 aa) |
| | dppA | Dipeptide/heme ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Dipeptide-binding protein of a transport system that can be subject to osmotic shock. DppA is also required for peptide chemotaxis; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (535 aa) |
| | xylF | D-xylose transporter subunit; Involved in the high-affinity D-xylose membrane transport system. Binds with high affinity to xylose. (330 aa) |
| | yiaT | Putative outer membrane protein YiaT; Pseudogene, internal sequence remnant. (246 aa) |
| | envC | Activator of AmiB,C murein hydrolases, septal ring factor; Activator of the cell wall hydrolases AmiA and AmiB. Required for septal murein cleavage and daughter cell separation during cell division. In vitro, exhibits weak endoproteolytic activity on beta- casein. (419 aa) |
| | bglH | Carbohydrate-specific outer membrane porin, cryptic; Part of a cryptic operon that is poorly expressed in vivo. May be an ancestral sugar porin with a broad carbohydrate specificity; it binds aromatic beta-D-glucosides such as arbutin and salicin, but with low affinity compared to the binding of maltooligosaccharides to the LamB porin. (538 aa) |
| | pstS | Phosphate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex PstSACB involved in phosphate import; Belongs to the PstS family. (346 aa) |
| | rbsB | D-ribose ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex RbsABC involved in ribose import. Binds ribose. Also serves as the primary chemoreceptor for chemotaxis; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 2 family. (296 aa) |
| | wecA | UDP-GlcNAc:undecaprenylphosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase; Catalyzes the transfer of the GlcNAc-1-phosphate moiety from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid undecaprenyl phosphate (C55-P), yielding GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenyl (GlcNAc-PP-C55). It is the first lipid-linked intermediate involved in enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) synthesis, and an acceptor for the addition of subsequent sugars to complete the biosynthesis of O-antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in many E.coli O types. The apparent affinity of WecA for the polyisoprenyl phosphate substrates increases with the [...] (367 aa) |
| | pldA | Outer membrane phospholipase A; Has broad substrate specificity including hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine with phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) activities. Strong expression leads to outer membrane breakdown and cell death; is dormant in normal growing cells. Required for efficient secretion of bacteriocins. (289 aa) |
| | dsbA | Periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase I; Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins such as PhoA or OmpA. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process. DsbA is reoxidized by DsbB. Required for pilus biogenesis. PhoP-regulated transcription is redox-sensitive, being activated when the periplasm becomes more reducing (deletion of dsbA/dsbB, treatment with dithiothreitol). MgrB acts between DsbA/DsbB and PhoP/PhoQ in this pathway. Belongs to the thioredoxin family. DsbA subfamily. (208 aa) |
| | ompL | Outer membrane porin L; Outer membrane channel protein that allows an efficient diffusion of low-molecular-weight solutes such as small sugars and tetraglycine. However, the specific substrate recognized by the OmpL channel is unknown; Belongs to the oligogalacturonate-specific porin KdgM (TC 1.B.35) family. OmpL subfamily. (230 aa) |
| | cpxA | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CpxR; Histidine kinase member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Activates CpxR by phosphorylation; has autokinase, phosphotransferase and (in the presence of Mg(2+) and/or ATP or ADP) phosphatase activity. The kinase activity is inhibited by periplasmic accessory protein CpxP; proteolysis of CpxP relieves inhibition. Involved in several diverse cellular processes, including the functi [...] (457 aa) |
| | sbp | Sulfate transporter subunit; This protein specifically binds sulfate and is involved in its transmembrane transport. (329 aa) |
| | btuB | Vitamin B12/cobalamin outer membrane transporter; Involved in the active translocation of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) across the outer membrane to the periplasmic space. It derives its energy for transport by interacting with the trans- periplasmic membrane protein TonB. Is also a receptor for bacteriophages BF23 and C1, and for A and E colicins. (614 aa) |
| | zraP | Zn-dependent periplasmic chaperone; Binds zinc. Could be an important component of the zinc- balancing mechanism; Belongs to the ZraP family. (141 aa) |
| | malE | Maltose transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Binds maltose and higher maltodextrins such as maltotriose. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family. (396 aa) |
| | lamB | Maltose outer membrane porin (maltoporin); Involved in the transport of maltose and maltodextrins, indispensable for translocation of dextrins containing more than three glucosyl moieties. A hydrophobic path ('greasy slide') of aromatic residues serves to guide and select the sugars for transport through the channel. Also acts as a receptor for several bacteriophages including lambda. (446 aa) |
| | malM | Maltose regulon periplasmic protein; Not yet known. Might function in the uptake of a still unidentified substrate; To S.typhimurium MalM. (306 aa) |
| | aphA | Acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase, class B, non-specific; Dephosphorylates several organic phosphate monoesters including 3'- and 5'-nucleotides, 2'-deoxy-5'-nucleotides, pNPP, phenyl phosphate, glycerol 2-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, O-phospho-L-amino acids and phytic acid, showing the highest activity with aryl phosphoesters (pNPP, phenyl phosphate and O-phospho-L-tyrosine), and to a lesser extent with 3'- and 5'-nucleotides. No activity toward ATP, phosphodiesters, glycerol-1-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6- phosphate, NADP, GTP or 3',5'-cAMP, ADP or ATP. Also has a ph [...] (237 aa) |
| | nrfA | Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, cytochrome; Catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, consuming six electrons in the process. Has very low activity toward hydroxylamine. Has even lower activity toward sulfite. Sulfite reductase activity is maximal at neutral pH (By similarity). (478 aa) |
| | nrfB | Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, penta-heme cytochrome c; Plays a role in nitrite reduction. (188 aa) |
| | yjcS | Metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily protein; Protein involved in sulfur metabolic process; Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. (661 aa) |
| | alsB | D-allose ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system AlsBAC for D-allose; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 2 family. (311 aa) |
| | dcuS | Sensor histidine kinase DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. Activates DcuR by phosphorylation. (543 aa) |
| | blc | Outer membrane lipoprotein cell division and growth lipocalin; Involved in the storage or transport of lipids necessary for membrane maintenance under stressful conditions. Displays a binding preference for lysophospholipids; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (177 aa) |
| | cpdB | 2':3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase; This bifunctional enzyme catalyzes two consecutive reactions during ribonucleic acid degradation. Converts a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide to a 3'-nucleotide and then the 3'-nucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside and phosphate; Belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family. (647 aa) |
| | tamA | Translocation and assembly module for autotransporter export, outer membrane subunit; Part of the translocation and assembly module (TAM) autotransporter assembly complex, which functions in translocation of autotransporters across the outer membrane. Allows substrate (Ag43, AC P39180) to initiate penetration into the outer membrane; TamB is not necessary but may regulate this activity. Has anion selective channel- forming ability, but the physiological relevance of this activity is unclear ; Belongs to the TamA family. (577 aa) |
| | tamB | Translocation and assembly module for autotransporter export, inner membrane subunit; Part of the translocation and assembly module (TAM) autotransporter assembly complex, which functions in translocation of autotransporters across the outer membrane. In reconstituted TAM this subunit (Ag43, AC P39180) is not necessary for substrate penetration in the outer membrane. Substrate binding to TamA moves its POTRA domains about 30 Angstroms into the periplasm, which would deform either the outer membrane or TamB and may provide force to reset TAM. (1259 aa) |
| | ytfQ | Galactofuranose ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex YtfQRT-YjfF involved in galactofuranose transport (Probable). Binds to both alpha- and beta- galactofuranose. (318 aa) |
| | fecA | TonB-dependent outer membrane ferric citrate transporter and signal transducer; FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. (774 aa) |
| | nanM | N-acetylneuraminic acid mutarotase; Converts alpha-N-acetylneuranimic acid (Neu5Ac) to the beta- anomer, accelerating the equilibrium between the alpha- and beta- anomers. Probably facilitates sialidase-negative bacteria to compete sucessfully for limited amounts of extracellular Neu5Ac, which is likely taken up in the beta-anomer. In addition, the rapid removal of sialic acid from solution might be advantageous to the bacterium to damp down host responses; Belongs to the NanM family. (368 aa) |
| | nanC | N-acetylnuraminic acid outer membrane channel protein; Outer membrane channel protein allowing the entry of N- acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, the most abundant sialic acid on host cell surfaces) into the bacteria (Probable). NanC proteins form high- conductance channels which are open at low membrane potentials and which have a weak anion selectivity; Belongs to the oligogalacturonate-specific porin KdgM (TC 1.B.35) family. NanC subfamily. (238 aa) |
| | fimC | Periplasmic chaperone; Required for the biogenesis of type 1 fimbriae. Binds and interact with FimH. (241 aa) |
| | fimD | Fimbrial usher outer membrane porin protein; Involved in the export and assembly of FimA fimbrial subunits across the outer membrane. (878 aa) |
| | opgB | OPG periplasmic biosynthetic phosphoglycerol transferases I (membrane-bound) and II (soluble); Transfers a phosphoglycerol residue from phosphatidylglycerol to the membrane-bound nascent glucan backbones. Belongs to the OpgB family. (763 aa) |
| | osmY | Salt-inducible putative ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Hyperosmotically inducible periplasmic protein; Protein involved in response to osmotic stress. (201 aa) |
| | slt | Lytic murein transglycosylase, soluble; Murein-degrading enzyme. Catalyzes the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues in peptidoglycan. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. (645 aa) |
| | cpxP | Inhibitor of the cpx response; Acts as an auxiliary protein in the Cpx two-component envelope stress response system, helping modulate the Cpx response systems response to some inducers. Binds the periplasmic domain of sensor histidine kinase CpxA, inhibiting induction of the Cpx envelope stress response in the absence of inducer; overexpression decreases Cpx pathway activity. Some periplasmic stimulii (shown for P pili subunit PapE and probably 0.3 M NaCl) increase CpxP's susceptibility to DegP, leading to CpxP degradation, inducing the Cpx pathway. Aids in combating extracytoplasmic [...] (166 aa) |
| | cbdX | Putative cytochrome bd-II oxidase subunit; Might be part of cytochrome bd-II oxidase (appB and appC). Able to restore reductant resistance to a cydX deletion mutant upon overexpression. CydX and this protein may have some functional overlap. (30 aa) |
