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| | fucO | L-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and glycolate metabolic process; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (382 aa) |
| | tdcG | L-serine dehydratase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (454 aa) |
| | ygiQ | Radical SAM superfamily protein. (739 aa) |
| | glcF | Glycolate oxidase 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster subunit; Component of a complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Is required for E.coli to grow on glycolate as a sole source of carbon. Is also able to oxidize D-lactate ((R)-lactate) with a similar rate. Does not link directly to O(2), and 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as artificial electron acceptors in vitro, but the physiological molecule that functions as primary electron acceptor during glycolate oxidation is unknown. (407 aa) |
| | yjjW | Putative activating enzyme; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and protein modification process; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (287 aa) |
| | fhuF | Ferric iron reductase involved in ferric hydroximate transport; Involved in the reduction of ferric iron in cytoplasmic ferrioxamine B. (262 aa) |
| | yjiL | Putative ATPase, activator of (R)-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase; Putative enzyme. (255 aa) |
| | uxuA | Mannonate hydrolase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-mannonate. (394 aa) |
| | sgcE | Putative epimerase; Probable pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase. (210 aa) |
| | fecI | RNA polymerase sigma-19 factor, fec operon-specific; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor regulates the fec genes for iron dicitrate transport (Probable); Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (173 aa) |
| | fecR | Anti-sigma transmembrane signal transducer for ferric citrate transport; Regulation of iron dicitrate transport. In the absence of citrate FecR inactivates fecI. FecR is probably a sensor that recognizes iron dicitrate in the periplasm. (317 aa) |
| | fecA | TonB-dependent outer membrane ferric citrate transporter and signal transducer; FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. (774 aa) |
| | fecB | Ferric citrate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Binds citrate-dependent Fe(3+); part of the binding-protein- dependent transport system for uptake of citrate-dependent Fe(3+). (300 aa) |
| | fecC | Ferric citrate ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for citrate-dependent Fe(3+). Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (332 aa) |
| | fecD | Ferric citrate ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for citrate-dependent Fe(3+). Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (318 aa) |
| | fecE | Fe(3+) dicitrate transport ATP-binding protein FecE; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for citrate-dependent Fe(3+). Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (255 aa) |
| | nrdG | Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase-activating protein; Activation of anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical, using S-adenosylmethionine and reduced flavodoxin as cosubstrates to produce 5'-deoxy-adenosine; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (154 aa) |
| | ytfE | Iron-sulfur cluster repair protein RIC; Di-iron-containing protein involved in the repair of iron- sulfur clusters damaged by oxidative and nitrosative stress conditions. (220 aa) |
| | nsrR | Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor for NO regulon; Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor of genes involved in protecting the cell against nitrosative stress, such as ytfE, hmpA and ygbA. May require iron for activity. Does not regulates its own transcription. (141 aa) |
| | queG | Epoxyqueuosine reductase, cobalamine-stimulated; Catalyzes the conversion of epoxyqueuosine (oQ) to queuosine (Q), which is a hypermodified base found in the wobble positions of tRNA(Asp), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(His) and tRNA(Tyr). (379 aa) |
| | frdB | Fumarate reductase (anaerobic), Fe-S subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. (244 aa) |
| | epmB | EF-P-Lys34 lysylation protein; With EpmA is involved in the beta-lysylation step of the post-translational modification of translation elongation factor P (EF- P) on 'Lys-34'. EpmB appears to act before EpmA. Displays lysine 2,3- aminomutase activity, producing (R)-beta-lysine from (S)-alpha-lysine (L-lysine). Cannot use (S)-ornithine or (R)-alpha-lysine as a substrate; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. KamA family. (342 aa) |
| | fumB | Anaerobic class I fumarate hydratase (fumarase B); Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions in the generation of fumarate for use as an anaerobic electron acceptor. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Is required for anaerobic growth on D-tartrate. Belongs to the class-I fumarase family. (548 aa) |
| | phnJ | Carbon-phosphorus lyase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the breakage of the C-P bond in alpha-D-ribose 1- methylphosphonate 5-phosphate (PRPn) forming alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 5-phosphate (PRcP). (281 aa) |
| | fdhF | Formate dehydrogenase-H, selenopolypeptide subunit; Decomposes formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors. (715 aa) |
| | nrfF | Heme lyase (NrfEFG) for insertion of heme into c552, subunit NrfF; Not required for the biosynthesis of any of the c-type cytochromes. Possible subunit of a heme lyase. (127 aa) |
| | nrfC | Formate-dependent nitrite reductase, 4Fe4S subunit; Probably involved in the transfer of electrons from the quinone pool to the type-c cytochromes. (223 aa) |
| | nrfB | Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, penta-heme cytochrome c; Plays a role in nitrite reduction. (188 aa) |
| | nrfA | Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, cytochrome; Catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, consuming six electrons in the process. Has very low activity toward hydroxylamine. Has even lower activity toward sulfite. Sulfite reductase activity is maximal at neutral pH (By similarity). (478 aa) |
| | soxR | Redox-sensitive transcriptional activator of soxS; Activates the transcription of the soxS gene which itself controls the superoxide response regulon. SoxR contains a 2Fe-2S iron- sulfur cluster that may act as a redox sensor system that recognizes superoxide. The variable redox state of the Fe-S cluster is employed in vivo to modulate the transcriptional activity of SoxR in response to specific types of oxidative stress. Upon reduction of 2Fe-2S cluster, SoxR reversibly loses its transcriptional activity, but retains its DNA binding affinity. (154 aa) |
| | thiC | Phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase; Catalyzes the synthesis of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) moiety of thiamine from aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) in a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent reaction. (631 aa) |
| | thiH | Tyrosine lyase, involved in thiamine-thiazole moiety synthesis; Catalyzes the radical-mediated cleavage of tyrosine to 2- iminoacetate and 4-cresol. (377 aa) |
| | pflC | Putative [formate-C-acetyltransferase 2]-activating enzyme; Activation of pyruvate formate-lyase 2 under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical, using S- adenosylmethionine and reduced flavodoxin as cosubstrates to produce 5'-deoxy-adenosine; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (292 aa) |
| | katG | Catalase-peroxidase HPI, heme b-containing; Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity. Displays also NADH oxidase, INH lyase and isonicotinoyl-NAD synthase activity; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Peroxidase/catalase subfamily. (726 aa) |
| | fieF | Ferrous iron and zinc transporter; Iron-efflux transporter responsible for iron detoxification. Also able to transport Zn(2+) in a proton-dependent manner. Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. FieF subfamily. (300 aa) |
| | fdoG | Formate dehydrogenase-O, large subunit; Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. Subunit alpha possibly forms the active site; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1016 aa) |
| | fdoH | Formate dehydrogenase-O, Fe-S subunit; Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing 4 cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit (By similarity). (300 aa) |
| | fdoI | Formate dehydrogenase-O, cytochrome b556 subunit; Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. Subunit gamma is probably the cytochrome b556(FDO) component of the formate dehydrogenase. (211 aa) |
| | hemN | Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, SAM and NAD(P)H dependent, oxygen-independent; Involved in the heme biosynthesis. Catalyzes the anaerobic oxidative decarboxylation of propionate groups of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen III to yield the vinyl groups in protoporphyrinogen IX. It can use NAD or NADP, but NAD is preferred. Belongs to the anaerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family. (457 aa) |
| | fre | NAD(P)H-flavin reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of soluble flavins by reduced pyridine nucleotides; Belongs to the Fre/LuxG FAD/NAD(P) flavoprotein oxidoreductase family. (233 aa) |
| | cyaY | Iron-dependent inhibitor of iron-sulfur cluster formation; Involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly. May act as a regulator of Fe-S biogenesis. Can bind both Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions. In vivo, has a positive effect on Fe-S cluster biogenesis under iron- rich growth conditions. In vitro, can inhibit IscS cysteine desulfurase activity and the formation of Fe-S clusters on IscU. In vitro, in the presence of IscS and cysteine, Fe(3+)-CyaY can be used as an iron donor during Fe-S cluster assembly on the scaffold protein IscU. (106 aa) |
| | aslB | Putative AslA-specific sulfatase-maturating enzyme; Putative arylsulfatase regulator; Protein involved in sulfur metabolic process and protein folding; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme family. (411 aa) |
| | ilvD | Dihydroxyacid dehydratase. (616 aa) |
| | yiaY | L-threonine dehydrogenase; Putative oxidoreductase. (383 aa) |
| | ysaA | Putative hydrogenase, 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type component. (157 aa) |
| | yhjA | Protein involved in cytochrome complex assembly. (465 aa) |
| | yhhW | Quercetinase activity in vitro; Has quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity in vitro. Its physiological role is unknown; however, may provide a mechanism that would avoid inhibition of key cellular proteins, such as DNA gyrase, by quercetin. (231 aa) |
| | nfuA | Fe/S biogenesis protein, putative scaffold/chaperone protein; Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis under severe conditions such as iron starvation or oxidative stress. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe/S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins. Required for E.coli to sustain oxidative stress and iron starvation. Also necessary for the use of extracellular DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy. Belongs to the NfuA family. (191 aa) |
| | feoC | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; May function as a transcriptional regulator that controls feoABC expression; Belongs to the FeoC family. (78 aa) |
| | feoB | Ferrous iron transporter protein B and GTP-binding protein; Transporter of a GTP-driven Fe(2+) uptake system, probably couples GTP-binding to channel opening and Fe(2+) uptake. A guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G proteins) in which the guanine nucleotide binding site alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP- bound state. This protein has fast intrinsic GDP release, mediated by the G5 loop (about residues 149-158). Presumably GTP hydrolysis leads to conformational changes and channel closing. A GDP release mechanism involving a conformational change of the [...] (773 aa) |
| | feoA | Ferrous iron transporter, protein A; Involved in Fe(2+) ion uptake. Does not stimulate the GTPase activity of the N-terminus of FeoB (residues 1- 276). (75 aa) |
| | rpe | D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase; Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5- phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. (225 aa) |
| | nirB | Nitrite reductase, large subunit, NAD(P)H-binding; Nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H) subunit; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family. (847 aa) |
| | bfd | Bacterioferritin-associated ferredoxin; Seems to associate with BFR; could be a general redox and/or regulatory component participating in the iron storage mobilization functions of BFR. Could participate in the release or the delivery of iron from/to bacterioferritin (or other iron complexes). (64 aa) |
| | bfr | Bacterioferritin, iron storage and detoxification protein; Iron-storage protein, whose ferroxidase center binds Fe(2+) ions, oxidizes them by dioxygen to Fe(3+), and participates in the subsequent Fe(3+) oxide mineral core formation within the central cavity of the protein complex. The mineralized iron core can contain as many as 2700 iron atoms/24-meric molecule. (158 aa) |
| | def | Peptide deformylase; Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins. Requires at least a dipeptide for an efficient rate of reaction. N-terminal L-methionine is a prerequisite for activity but the enzyme has broad specificity at other positions. (169 aa) |
| | gltD | Glutamate synthase, 4Fe-4S protein, small subunit; Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate into two molecules of L-glutamate. (472 aa) |
| | gltB | Glutamate synthase, large subunit; Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate into two molecules of L-glutamate. (1486 aa) |
| | yhcC | Putative Fe-S oxidoreductase, Radical SAM superfamily protein; In vitro, can cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine into methionine and 5'-deoxyadenosine (AdoH); Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. (309 aa) |
| | yhbV | U32 peptidase family protein; Required for O(2)-independent ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis. Together with UbiU, is essential for the C6-hydroxylation reaction in the oxygen-independent ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway. (292 aa) |
| | yhbU | U32 peptidase family protein; Required for O(2)-independent ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis. Together with UbiV, is essential for the C6-hydroxylation reaction in the oxygen-independent ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway. Belongs to the peptidase U32 family. UbiU subfamily. (331 aa) |
| | garL | alpha-dehydro-beta-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase; Catalyzes the reversible retro-aldol cleavage of both 5-keto- 4-deoxy-D-glucarate and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate to pyruvate and tartronic semialdehyde; Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family. KDGluc aldolase subfamily. (256 aa) |
| | uxaA | Altronate hydrolase; Catalyzes the dehydration of D-altronate. (495 aa) |
| | fadH | 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, NADH and FMN-linked; Functions as an auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds at even carbon positions. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond of the acyl chain of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to yield 2-trans-enoyl-CoA. Acts on both isomers, 2-trans,4- cis- and 2-trans,4-trans-decadienoyl-CoA, with almost equal efficiency. Is not active with NADH instead of NADPH. Does not show cis->trans isomerase activity. (672 aa) |
| | tsaD | tRNA(ANN) t(6)A37 threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification protein; Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37, together with TsaE and TsaB. TsaD likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction. May also be involved in the metabolism of glycated proteins, but does not show sialoglycoprotease activity against glycophorin A. (337 aa) |
| | ttdA | L-tartrate dehydratase, subunit A; Protein involved in fermentation. (303 aa) |
| | hybO | Hydrogenase 2, small subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase small subunit family. (372 aa) |
| | hybA | Hydrogenase 2 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type component; Participates in the periplasmic electron-transferring activity of hydrogenase 2 during its catalytic turnover. (328 aa) |
| | hybB | Putative hydrogenase 2 cytochrome b type component; Probable b-type cytochrome; Belongs to the NrfD family. (392 aa) |
| | yggX | Oxidative damage protective factor for iron-sulfur proteins; Could be a mediator in iron transactions between iron acquisition and iron-requiring processes, such as synthesis and/or repair of Fe-S clusters in biosynthetic enzymes. Necessary to maintain high levels of aconitase under oxidative stress. (91 aa) |
| | mutY | Adenine DNA glycosylase; Adenine glycosylase active on G-A mispairs. MutY also corrects error-prone DNA synthesis past GO lesions which are due to the oxidatively damaged form of guanine: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo- dGTP); Belongs to the Nth/MutY family. (350 aa) |
| | yggW | HemN family putative oxidoreductase; Probably acts as a heme chaperone, transferring heme to the NarI subunit of the respiratory enzyme nitrate reductase; transfer may be stimulated by NADH. Binds one molecule of heme per monomer, possibly covalently. Heme binding is not affected by either [4Fe-4S] or S- adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-binding. Does not have coproporphyrinogen III dehydrogenase activity in vitro. Binds 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is coordinated with 3 cysteines and an exchangeable S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Probable). (378 aa) |
| | ygfT | Putative oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit. (639 aa) |
| | ygfS | Putative oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit. (162 aa) |
| | xdhD | Putative hypoxanthine oxidase, molybdopterin-binding/Fe-S binding; Probably has no xanthine dehydrogenase activity; however deletion results in increased adenine sensitivity, suggesting that this protein contributes to the conversion of adenine to guanine nucleotides during purine salvage. (956 aa) |
| | ygfK | Putative Fe-S subunit oxidoreductase subunit; Could be an iron-sulfur flavoprotein with NADPH:O(2) oxidoreductase activity. (1032 aa) |
| | xdhC | Xanthine dehydrogenase, Fe-S binding subunit; Iron-sulfur subunit of the xanthine dehydrogenase complex. (159 aa) |
| | yodB | Cytochrome b561 homolog 1; Protein involved in cytochrome complex assembly. (176 aa) |
| | sdaB | L-serine dehydratase 2; Deaminates also threonine, particularly when it is present in high concentration; Belongs to the iron-sulfur dependent L-serine dehydratase family. (455 aa) |
| | rlmD | 23S rRNA m(5)U1939 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 1939 (m5U1939) in 23S rRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family. RlmD subfamily. (433 aa) |
| | queE | 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine synthase; Catalyzes the complex heterocyclic radical-mediated conversion of 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (CPH4) to 7-carboxy-7- deazaguanine (CDG), a step common to the biosynthetic pathways of all 7-deazapurine-containing compounds. (223 aa) |
| | ygcO | Putative 4Fe-4S cluster-containing protein; Could be a 3Fe-4S cluster-containing protein. Probably participates in a redox process with YgcN, YgcQ and YgcR. (86 aa) |
| | cysI | Sulfite reductase, beta subunit, NAD(P)-binding, heme-binding; Component of the sulfite reductase complex that catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. This is one of several activities required for the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from sulfate. Belongs to the nitrite and sulfite reductase 4Fe-4S domain family. (570 aa) |
| | ispH | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, 4Fe-4S protein; Catalyzes the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP) into a mixture of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Acts in the terminal step of the DOXP/MEP pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. In vitro, can also hydrate acetylenes to aldehydes and ketones via anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov addition. Belongs to the IspH family. (316 aa) |
| | fixX | Putative 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type protein; Could be part of an electron transfer system required for anaerobic carnitine reduction. Could be a 3Fe-4S cluster-containing protein; Belongs to the bacterial-type ferredoxin family. FixX subfamily. (95 aa) |
| | leuC | 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit; Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3- isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate; Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. LeuC type 1 subfamily. (466 aa) |
| | lpxC | UDP-3-O-acyl N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of UDP-3-O-myristoyl-N- acetylglucosamine to form UDP-3-O-myristoylglucosamine and acetate, the committed step in lipid A biosynthesis. (305 aa) |
| | acnB | Aconitate hydratase 2; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and the 2- methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the hydration of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate to yield (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnB functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein. During oxidative stress inactive AcnB apo- enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnB mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilize [...] (865 aa) |
| | fhuA | Ferrichrome outer membrane transporter; Involved in the uptake of iron in complex with ferrichrome, a hydroxamate-type siderophore. Binds and transports ferrichrome-iron across the outer membrane. In addition to its role in ferrichrome-iron transport, transports the antibiotic albomycin, which is a structural analog of ferrichrome, and acts as a receptor for colicin M, microcin J25 and bacteriophages T1, T5, phi80 and UC-1. The energy source, which is required for all FhuA functions except infection by phage T5, is provided by the inner membrane TonB system. (747 aa) |
| | fhuC | Iron(3+)-hydroxamate import ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex FhuCDB involved in iron(3+)-hydroxamate import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (265 aa) |
| | fhuD | Iron(3+)-hydroxamate import ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex FhuCDB involved in iron(3+)-hydroxamate import. Binds the iron(3+)-hydroxamate complex and transfers it to the membrane-bound permease. Required for the transport of all iron(3+)-hydroxamate siderophores such as ferrichrome, gallichrome, desferrioxamine, coprogen, aerobactin, shizokinen, rhodotorulic acid and the antibiotic albomycin. (296 aa) |
| | fhuB | Iron(3+)-hydroxamate import ABC transporter permease; Part of the ABC transporter complex FhuCDB involved in iron(3+)-hydroxamate import. Responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (660 aa) |
| | erpA | Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family. (114 aa) |
| | afuC | CP4-6 prophage; Part of the ABC transporter complex FbpABC involved in Fe(3+) ions import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (348 aa) |
| | paoB | PaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, FAD-containing subunit; Oxidizes aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with a preference for aromatic aldehydes. It might play a role in the detoxification of aldehydes to avoid cell damage. (318 aa) |
| | paoA | PaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, 2Fe-2S subunit; Oxidizes aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with a preference for aromatic aldehydes. It might play a role in the detoxification of aldehydes to avoid cell damage. (229 aa) |
| | ykgJ | UPF0153 cysteine cluster protein; Putative ferredoxin; Protein involved in electron carrier activity; To A.calcoaceticus putative ferredoxin. (109 aa) |
| | ykgF | Ferridoxin-like LutB family protein; putative electron transport chain YkgEFG component. (475 aa) |
| | codA | Cytosine/isoguanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil. Is involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, which allows the cell to utilize cytosine for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Is also able to catalyze deamination of isoguanine, a mutagenic oxidation product of adenine in DNA, and of isocytosine. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5FU); this activity allows the formation of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent from a non-cytotoxic precursor. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases supe [...] (427 aa) |
| | mhpB | 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase; Catalyzes the non-heme iron(II)-dependent oxidative cleavage of 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 2,3-dihydroxicinnamic acid into 2-hydroxy-6-ketononadienedioate and 2-hydroxy-6- ketononatrienedioate, respectively; Belongs to the LigB/MhpB extradiol dioxygenase family. (314 aa) |
| | tauD | Taurine dioxygenase, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent; Catalyzes the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylation of taurine yielding sulfite and aminoacetaldehyde after decomposition of an unstable intermediate. Is required for the utilization of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as an alternative sulfur source for growth in the absence of sulfate. To a lesser extent, pentanesulfonate, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate and 1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolineethanesulfonate are also desulfonated by this enzyme in vitro; however, desulfonation by TauD of organosulfonates other than taurine seem to be of littl [...] (283 aa) |
| | cyoB | Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit I; Cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol terminal oxidase is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration. Has proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to electron transfer, pumping 2 protons/electron. Protons are probably pumped via D- and K- channels found in this subunit. (663 aa) |
| | hemH | Ferrochelatase; Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX; Belongs to the ferrochelatase family. (320 aa) |
| | fetA | Iron export ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex FetAB, which is probably involved in iron export and enhances resistance to H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (225 aa) |
| | fetB | Iron export ABC transporter permease; Part of the ABC transporter complex FetAB, which is probably involved in iron export and enhances resistance to H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the UPF0014 family. (259 aa) |
| | fepA | Ferrienterobactin outer membrane transporter; This protein is involved in the initial step of iron uptake by binding ferrienterobactin (Fe-ENT), an iron chelatin siderophore that allows E.coli to extract iron from the environment. FepA also acts as a receptor for colicins B and D. (746 aa) |
| | fes | Enterobactin/ferrienterobactin esterase; Upon internalization, ferric enterobactin is processed via an exquisitely specific pathway that is dependent on FES activity, making iron available for metabolic use; Belongs to the Fes family. (400 aa) |
| | fepE | Regulator of length of O-antigen component of lipopolysaccharide chains; Part of the ferric enterobactin transport system. (377 aa) |
| | fepC | Ferrienterobactin ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (271 aa) |
| | fepG | Iron-enterobactin ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (330 aa) |
| | fepD | Ferrienterobactin ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (334 aa) |
| | fepB | Ferrienterobactin ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Binds ferrienterobactin; part of the binding-protein- dependent transport system for uptake of ferrienterobactin. (318 aa) |
| | lipA | Lipoate synthase; Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. Free octanoate is not a substrate for LipA; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family. (321 aa) |
| | miaB | tRNA-i(6)A37 methylthiotransferase; Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6- (dimethylallyl)adenosine (ms(2)i(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine. (474 aa) |
| | fur | Ferric iron uptake regulon transcriptional repressor; Acts as a global negative controlling element, employing Fe(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Regulates the expression of several outer-membrane proteins including the iron transport operon; Belongs to the Fur family. (148 aa) |
| | sdhC | Succinate dehydrogenase, membrane subunit, binds cytochrome b556; Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); Belongs to the cytochrome b560 family. (129 aa) |
| | sdhD | Succinate dehydrogenase, membrane subunit, binds cytochrome b556; Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). (115 aa) |
| | sdhB | Succinate dehydrogenase, FeS subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. (238 aa) |
| | cydA | Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit I; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. Belongs to the cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase subunit 1 family. (522 aa) |
| | cydB | Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (379 aa) |
| | nadA | Quinolinate synthase, subunit A; Catalyzes the condensation of iminoaspartate with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinate. Belongs to the quinolinate synthase A family. Type 1 subfamily. (347 aa) |
| | galT | Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; Protein involved in cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting, galactose metabolic process, colanic acid biosynthetic process, carbohydrate catabolic process and response to desiccation; Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family. (348 aa) |
| | ybhJ | Aconitase family protein; Putative enzyme. (753 aa) |
| | bioB | Biotin synthase; Catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin (DTB) to biotin by the insertion of a sulfur atom into dethiobiotin via a radical-based mechanism. (346 aa) |
| | moaA | Molybdopterin biosynthesis protein A; Catalyzes, together with MoaC, the conversion of 5'-GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP or molybdopterin precursor Z). (329 aa) |
| | dinG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...] (716 aa) |
| | ybiX | Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein; Putative enzyme. (225 aa) |
| | fiu | Catecholate siderophore receptor; Involved in the active transport across the outer membrane of iron complexed with catecholate siderophores such as dihydroxybenzoylserine and dihydroxybenzoate. It derives its energy for transport by interacting with the trans-periplasmic membrane protein TonB. Can also transport catechol-substituted cephalosporins. Receptor for microcins M, H47 and E492. (760 aa) |
| | dps | Fe-binding and storage protein; During stationary phase, binds the chromosome non- specifically, forming a highly ordered and stable dps-DNA co-crystal within which chromosomal DNA is condensed and protected from diverse damages. It protects DNA from oxidative damage by sequestering intracellular Fe(2+) ion and storing it in the form of Fe(3+) oxyhydroxide mineral, which can be released after reduction. One hydrogen peroxide oxidizes two Fe(2+) ions, which prevents hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction. Dps also protects the cell from UV and gamma irradiation, iron and cop [...] (167 aa) |
| | ybiY | Putative pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme; Activation of pyruvate formate-lyase 2 under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical, using S- adenosylmethionine and reduced flavodoxin as cosubstrates to produce 5'-deoxy-adenosine; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (299 aa) |
| | rimO | Ribosomal protein S12 methylthiotransferase; Catalyzes the methylthiolation of the residue Asp-89 of ribosomal protein S12. (441 aa) |
| | rlmC | 23S rRNA m(5)U747 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 747 (m5U747) in 23S rRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family. RlmC subfamily. (375 aa) |
| | hcr | HCP oxidoreductase, NADH-dependent; NADH oxidoreductase acting in concert with HCP. (322 aa) |
| | hcp | Hybrid-cluster [4Fe-2S-2O] subunit of anaerobic terminal reductases; Catalyzes the reduction of hydroxylamine to form NH(3) and H(2)O. Is also able to reduce hydroxylamine analogs such as methylhydroxylamine and hydroxyquinone. Might have a role as a scavenger of potentially toxic by-products of nitrate metabolism. Belongs to the HCP family. (550 aa) |
| | dmsA | Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant. (814 aa) |
| | dmsB | Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit B; Electron transfer subunit of the terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds. (205 aa) |
| | pflA | Pyruvate formate-lyase 1-activating enzyme; Activation of pyruvate formate-lyase 1 under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical, using S- adenosylmethionine and reduced flavodoxin as cosubstrates to produce 5'-deoxy-adenosine; Belongs to the organic radical-activating enzymes family. (246 aa) |
| | hyaA | Hydrogenase 1, small subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase small subunit family. (372 aa) |
| | hyaC | Hydrogenase 1, b-type cytochrome subunit; Probable b-type cytochrome; Belongs to the HupC/HyaC/HydC family. (235 aa) |
| | cbdA | Cytochrome bd-II oxidase, subunit I; A terminal oxidase that catalyzes quinol-dependent, Na(+)- independent oxygen uptake. Prefers menadiol over other quinols although ubiquinol was not tested. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (514 aa) |
| | cbdB | Cytochrome bd-II oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that catalyzes quinol-dependent, Na(+)- independent oxygen uptake. Prefers menadiol over other quinols although ubiquinol was not tested. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (378 aa) |
| | yccM | Putative 4Fe-4S membrane protein. (357 aa) |
| | torC | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase I, cytochrome c-type subunit; Part of the anaerobic respiratory chain of trimethylamine-N- oxide reductase TorA. Acts by transferring electrons from the membranous menaquinones to TorA. This transfer probably involves an electron transfer pathway from menaquinones to the N-terminal domain of TorC, then from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, and finally to TorA. TorC apocytochrome negatively autoregulates the torCAD operon probably by inhibiting the TorS kinase activity. (390 aa) |
| | efeB | Deferrrochelatase, periplasmic; Involved in the recovery of exogenous heme iron. Extracts iron from heme while preserving the tetrapyrrol ring intact. Also displays peroxidase activity on guaiacol in vitro. (423 aa) |
| | hypD | Hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Involved in the biosynthesis of the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor. HypD may act as a scaffold on which the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor is formed. In complex with HypC, accepts the cyanide ligand generated by HypF and HypE, and also coordinates the carbon monoxide ligand. Required for the formation of all three hydrogenase isoenzymes (Probable). (373 aa) |
| | yceJ | Putative cytochrome b561; Protein involved in cytochrome complex assembly; Belongs to the cytochrome b561 family. (188 aa) |
| | fhuE | Ferric-rhodotorulic acid outer membrane transporter; Required for the uptake of Fe(3+) via coprogen, ferrioxamine B, and rhodotorulic acid. (729 aa) |
| | roxA | 50S ribosomal protein L16 arginine hydroxylase; Growth-regulating oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of 50S ribosomal protein L16 on 'Arg-81'. (373 aa) |
| | narG | Nitrate reductase 1, alpha subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction. (1247 aa) |
| | narH | Nitrate reductase 1, beta (Fe-S) subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit. (512 aa) |
| | narI | Nitrate reductase 1, gamma (cytochrome b(NR)) subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit. (225 aa) |
| | adhE | Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]; This enzyme has three activities: ADH, ACDH, and PFL- deactivase. In aerobic conditions it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The PFL deactivase activity catalyzes the quenching of the pyruvate-formate-lyase catalyst in an iron, NAD, and CoA dependent reaction; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (891 aa) |
| | acnA | Aconitate hydratase 1; Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein which plays a role as a maintenance or survival enzyme during nutritional or oxidative stress. During oxidative stress inactive AcnA apo-enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnA mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilizes acnA mRNA and increases AcnA synthesis, thus mediating a post- transcriptional positive autoregulatory switch. AcnA also enhances the stability of the sodA transcript. (891 aa) |
| | yciM | LPS regulatory protein; Modulates cellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels by regulating LpxC, which is involved in lipid A biosynthesis. May act by modulating the proteolytic activity of FtsH towards LpxC. May also coordinate assembly of proteins involved in LPS synthesis at the plasma membrane. (389 aa) |
| | fnr | Oxygen-sensing anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional regulator FNR; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration. (250 aa) |
| | ttcA | tRNA s(2)C32 thioltransferase, iron sulfur cluster protein; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent 2-thiolation of cytidine in position 32 of tRNA, to form 2-thiocytidine (s(2)C32). The sulfur atoms are provided by the cysteine/cysteine desulfurase (IscS) system. Belongs to the TtcA family. (311 aa) |
| | pfo | Pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase; Oxidoreductase required for the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to flavodoxin. (1174 aa) |
| | paaE | Ring 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase, NAD(P)H oxidoreductase component; Component of 1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA (PA- CoA) to form 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA. The subunit E is a reductase with a preference for NADPH and FAD, capable of reducing cytochrome c. (356 aa) |
| | cybB | Cytochrome b561; B-type di-heme cytochrome with a major alpha-absorption peak at 561 nm and a minor peak at 555 nm. (176 aa) |
| | narV | Nitrate reductase 2 (NRZ), gamma subunit; This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit. (226 aa) |
| | narY | Nitrate reductase 2 (NRZ), beta subunit; This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit. (514 aa) |
| | narZ | Nitrate reductase 2 (NRZ), alpha subunit; This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1246 aa) |
| | fdnG | Formate dehydrogenase-N, alpha subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The alpha subunit FdnG contains the formate oxidation site. Electrons are transferred from formate to menaquinone in the gamma subunit (FdnI), through the 4Fe-4S clusters in the beta subunit (FdnH). Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar). (1015 aa) |
| | fdnH | Formate dehydrogenase-N, Fe-S (beta) subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The beta subunit FdnH is an electron transfer unit containing 4 iron-sulfur clusters; it serves as a conduit for electrons that are transferred from the formate oxidation site in the alpha subunit (FdnG) to the menaquinone associated with the gamma subunit (FdnI) of formate dehydrogenase-N. Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, togethe [...] (294 aa) |
| | fdnI | Formate dehydrogenase-N, cytochrome B556 (gamma) subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. Subunit gamma is the cytochrome b556 component of the formate dehydrogenase-N, and also contains a menaquinone reduction site that receives electrons from the beta subunit (FdnH), through its hemes. Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar). (217 aa) |
| | dosP | Oxygen sensor, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, heme-regulated; Heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity toward c-di-GMP in response to oxygen availability. Involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosC which catalyzes the biosynthesis of c-di-GMP (diguanylate cyclase activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Has very poor PDE activity on cAMP but is not active with cGMP, bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Via its PDE activity on [...] (799 aa) |
| | dosC | Diguanylate cyclase, cold- and stationary phase-induced oxygen-dependent biofilm regulator; Globin-coupled heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying diguanylate cyclase (DGC) activity in response to oxygen availability. Thus, catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. Is involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosP which catalyzes the degradation of c-di-GMP (PDE activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. DosC regulates biofilm [...] (460 aa) |
| | ydeM | Putative enzyme; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme family. (385 aa) |
| | ydeP | Putative oxidoreductase; Probably involved in acid resistance. Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (759 aa) |
| | ynfE | Putative selenate reductase, periplasmic; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (808 aa) |
| | ynfF | S- and N-oxide reductase, A subunit, periplasmic; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds. (807 aa) |
| | ynfG | Oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit; Electron transfer subunit of the terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds. (205 aa) |
| | fumA | Fumarate hydratase (fumarase A), aerobic Class I; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions as an aerobic enzyme in the direction of malate formation as part of the citric acid cycle. Accounts for about 80% of the fumarase activity when the bacteria grow aerobically. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity in vitro, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Can also catalyze the isomerization of enol- to keto-oxaloacetate. (548 aa) |
| | rsxB | SoxR iron-sulfur cluster reduction factor component; Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane (By similarity). Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. Probably transfers electron from NAD(P)H to SoxR. Belongs to the 4Fe4S bacterial-type ferredoxin family. RnfB subfamily. (192 aa) |
| | rsxC | SoxR iron-sulfur cluster reduction factor component; Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane (By similarity). Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. Probably transfers electron from NAD(P)H to SoxR. Belongs to the 4Fe4S bacterial-type ferredoxin family. RnfC subfamily. (740 aa) |
| | nth | DNA glycosylase and apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (endonuclease III); DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'- phosphate. (211 aa) |
| | grxD | Glutaredoxin-4; Monothiol glutaredoxin involved in the biogenesis of iron- sulfur clusters; Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. Monothiol subfamily. (115 aa) |
| | sodB | Superoxide dismutase, Fe; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (193 aa) |
| | ydhU | Putative cytochrome b subunit of YdhYVWXUT oxidoreductase complex. (261 aa) |
| | ydhX | Putative 4Fe-4S ferridoxin-type protein; Putative oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit. (222 aa) |
| | ydhV | Putative oxidoreductase subunit. (700 aa) |
| | ydhY | Putative 4Fe-4S ferridoxin-type protein; Putative oxidoreductase, Fe-S subunit. (208 aa) |
| | ydiJ | Putative FAD-linked oxidoreductase; Putative oxidase. (1018 aa) |
| | ydiT | Putative 3Fe-4S ferredoxin-type protein; Could be a 3Fe-4S cluster-containing protein. Probably participates in a redox process with YdiQ, YdiR and YdiS. (97 aa) |
| | katE | Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. (753 aa) |
| | yeaW | Putative YeaWX dioxygenase alpha subunit; Converts carnitine to trimethylamine and malic semialdehyde. Can also use gamma-butyrobetaine, choline and betaine as substrates. (374 aa) |
| | yeaX | Putative YeaWX dioxygenase beta subunit, reductase component; Converts carnitine to trimethylamine and malic semialdehyde. Can also use gamma-butyrobetaine, choline and betaine as substrates. (321 aa) |
| | yoaA | Putative ATP-dependent helicase, DinG family; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase (By similarity). Involved in the repair of replication forks and tolerance of the chain- terminating nucleoside analog 3' azidothymidine (AZT). May unwind potentially damaged 3' nascent ends such as those terminated by AZT, promote repair and AZT excision. (636 aa) |
| | sdaA | L-serine dehydratase 1; Deaminates also threonine, particularly when it is present in high concentration; Belongs to the iron-sulfur dependent L-serine dehydratase family. (454 aa) |
| | edd | 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of 6-phospho-D-gluconate to 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate. (603 aa) |
| | torY | TMAO reductase III (TorYZ), cytochrome c-type subunit; Part of the anaerobic respiratory chain of trimethylamine-N- oxide reductase TorZ. Required for electron transfer to the TorZ terminal enzyme. (366 aa) |
| | ftnA | Ferritin iron storage protein (cytoplasmic); Iron-storage protein; Belongs to the ferritin family. Prokaryotic subfamily. (165 aa) |
| | yedZ | Inner membrane heme subunit for periplasmic YedYZ reductase; Part of the MsrPQ system that repairs oxidized periplasmic proteins containing methionine sulfoxide residues (Met-O), using respiratory chain electrons. Thus protects these proteins from oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive species of oxygen and chlorine. MsrPQ is essential for the maintenance of envelope integrity under bleach stress, rescuing a wide series of structurally unrelated periplasmic proteins from methionine oxidation, including the primary periplasmic chaperone SurA and the lipoprotein Pal. MsrQ provides el [...] (211 aa) |
| | hycB | Hydrogenase 3, Fe-S subunit; Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3. (203 aa) |
| | hycE | Large subunit of hydrogenase 3 (part of FHL complex); Protein involved in fermentation and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family. (569 aa) |
| | hycF | Formate hydrogenlyase complex iron-sulfur protein; Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3. (180 aa) |
| | hycG | Hydrogenase 3 and formate hydrogenase complex, HycG subunit; Hydrogenase activity; Protein involved in fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (255 aa) |
| | hydN | Formate dehydrogenase-H, [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin subunit; Electron transport from formate to hydrogen. (175 aa) |
| | norV | Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase flavorubredoxin; Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase; uses NADH to detoxify nitric oxide (NO), protecting several 4Fe-4S NO-sensitive enzymes. Has at least 2 reductase partners, only one of which (NorW, flavorubredoxin reductase) has been identified. NO probably binds to the di-iron center; electrons enter from the reductase at rubredoxin and are transferred sequentially to the FMN center and the di-iron center. Also able to function as an aerobic oxygen reductase; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the zinc metallo- hydrolase group 3 family. (479 aa) |
| | luxS | S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase; Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD). Belongs to the LuxS family. (171 aa) |
| | nrdF | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2, beta subunit, ferritin-like protein; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R2F contains the tyrosyl radical required for catalysis; Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. (319 aa) |
| | csiD | tRNA-Ile; Acts as an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing hydroxylation of glutarate (GA) to L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) in the stationary phase of E.coli. Functions in a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2- hydroxyglutarate. Other dicarboxylic acids (oxalate, malonate, succinate, adipate, and pimelate) are not substrates for this enzyme. (325 aa) |
| | yfhL | Putative 4Fe-4S cluster-containing protein; Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. (86 aa) |
| | hmp | Fused nitric oxide dioxygenase/dihydropteridine reductase 2; Is involved in NO detoxification in an aerobic process, termed nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) reaction that utilizes O(2) and NAD(P)H to convert NO to nitrate, which protects the bacterium from various noxious nitrogen compounds. Therefore, plays a central role in the inducible response to nitrosative stress. Various electron acceptors are also reduced by HMP in vitro, including dihydropterine, ferrisiderophores, ferric citrate, cytochrome c, nitrite, S-nitrosoglutathione, and alkylhydroperoxides. However, it is unknown if th [...] (396 aa) |
| | hcaC | 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, ferredoxin subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, that converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3-phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. This protein seems to be a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin. (106 aa) |
| | hcaE | 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large (alpha) subunit; Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase. Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3- phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. (453 aa) |
| | iscR | Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA. (162 aa) |
| | iscS | Cysteine desulfurase (tRNA sulfurtransferase), PLP-dependent; Master enzyme that delivers sulfur to a number of partners involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, tRNA modification or cofactor biosynthesis. Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for Fe-S cluster synthesis onto IscU, an Fe-S scaffold assembly protein, as well as other S acceptor proteins. Preferentially binds to disordered IscU on which the Fe-S is assembled, IscU converts to the structured state and then dissociates from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to a [...] (404 aa) |
| | iscA | FeS cluster assembly protein; Is able to transfer iron-sulfur clusters to apo-ferredoxin. Multiple cycles of [2Fe2S] cluster formation and transfer are observed, suggesting that IscA acts catalytically. Recruits intracellular free iron so as to provide iron for the assembly of transient iron-sulfur cluster in IscU in the presence of IscS, L-cysteine and the thioredoxin reductase system TrxA/TrxB; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family. (107 aa) |
| | fdx | [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins. (111 aa) |
| | rlmN | Dual specificity 23S rRNA m(2)A2503, tRNA m(2)A37 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates position 2 of adenine 2503 in 23S rRNA and position 2 of adenine 37 in tRNAs. m2A2503 modification seems to play a crucial role in the proofreading step occurring at the peptidyl transferase center and thus would serve to optimize ribosomal fidelity. Unmodified tRNA is not a suitable substrate for RlmN, which suggests that RlmN works in a late step during tRNA maturation. Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RlmN family. (384 aa) |
| | ispG | 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; Converts 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME- 2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate, using flavodoxin as the reducing agent; Belongs to the IspG family. (372 aa) |
| | hyfI | Hydrogenase 4, Fe-S subunit; Possible component of hydrogenase 4. Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family. (252 aa) |
| | hyfH | Hydrogenase 4, Fe-S subunit; Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 4. (181 aa) |
| | hyfG | Hydrogenase 4, subunit; Possible component of hydrogenase 4. (555 aa) |
| | hyfA | Hydrogenase 4, 4Fe-4S subunit; Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 4. (205 aa) |
| | aegA | Putative oxidoreductase, FeS binding subunit/NAD/FAD-binding subunit. (659 aa) |
| | yfeX | Porphyrinogen oxidase, cytoplasmic; Has both general peroxidase activity and dye-decolorizing activity. Can catalyze the oxidation of both protoporphyrinogen IX and coproporphyrinogen III to their corresponding porphyrins. Also efficiently decolorizes the dyes alizarin red and Cibacron blue F3GA. (299 aa) |
| | mntH | Manganese/divalent cation transporter; H(+)-stimulated, divalent metal cation uptake system. Involved in manganese and iron uptake. Can also transport cadmium, cobalt, zinc and to a lesser extent nickel and copper. Involved in response to reactive oxygen. (412 aa) |
| | nuoB | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain B; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (220 aa) |
| | nuoE | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain E; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (166 aa) |
| | nuoF | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain F; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (445 aa) |
| | nuoG | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain G; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (908 aa) |
| | nuoI | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain I; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (180 aa) |
| | glpC | Anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, C subunit, 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster; Electron transfer protein; may also function as the membrane anchor for the GlpAB dimer. (396 aa) |
| | yfaE | Uncharacterized ferredoxin-like protein YfaE; Ferredoxin involved with ribonucleotide reductase diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y*) cofactor maintenance. (84 aa) |
| | nrdB | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1, beta subunit, ferritin-like protein; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R2 contains the tyrosyl radical required for catalysis; Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. (376 aa) |
| | alkB | Oxidative demethylase of N1-methyladenine or N3-methylcytosine DNA lesions; Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3- methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha- ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not t [...] (216 aa) |
| | napF | Ferredoxin-type protein, role in electron transfer to periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA; Could be involved in the maturation of NapA, the catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase, before its export into the periplasm. Is not involved in the electron transfer from menaquinol or ubiquinol to the periplasmic nitrate reductase. (164 aa) |
| | napA | Nitrate reductase, periplasmic, large subunit; Catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from NapB and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. NasA/NapA/NarB subfamily. (828 aa) |
| | napG | Ferredoxin-type protein; Required for electron transfer from ubiquinol, via NapC, to the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapAB complex. (231 aa) |
| | napH | Ferredoxin-type protein; Required for electron transfer from ubiquinol, via NapC, to the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapAB complex. (287 aa) |
| | napB | Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family. (149 aa) |
| | napC | Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex. (200 aa) |
| | ccmE | Periplasmic heme chaperone; Heme chaperone required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Transiently binds heme delivered by CcmC and transfers the heme to apo-cytochromes in a process facilitated by CcmF and CcmH; Belongs to the CcmE/CycJ family. (159 aa) |
| | ccmH | Heme lyase, CcmH subunit; May be required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Possible subunit of a heme lyase. (350 aa) |
| | yeiL | Putative transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator involved in mid-term, stationary- phase viability under nitrogen starvation. Might control expression of the salvage pathways or in some other way repress the recycling of nucleobases to nucleic acids and enhance their use as general nitrogen sources during nitrogen-limited growth. (219 aa) |
| | cirA | Colicin IA outer membrane receptor and translocator; Not yet known. Postulated to participate in iron transport. Outer membrane receptor for colicins IA and IB. (663 aa) |
| | preA | Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, NADH-dependent, subunit C; Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes physiologically the reduction of uracil to 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) by using NADH as a specific cosubstrate. It also catalyzes the reverse reaction and the reduction of thymine to 5,6-dihydrothymine (DHT). (411 aa) |
| | mrp | Antiporter inner membrane protein; Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins. Can hydrolyze ATP; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. (369 aa) |
