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| | tdh | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of L-threonine to 2- amino-3-ketobutyrate. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the oxidation of D-allo-threonine and L-threonine amide, but not that of D-threonine and L-allothreonine. Cannot utilize NADP(+) instead of NAD(+). Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (341 aa) |
| | yicR | UPF0758 family protein; DNA repair protein; Protein involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication and DNA repair; Belongs to the UPF0758 family. YicR subfamily. (222 aa) |
| | metE | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate- homocysteine S-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation. (753 aa) |
| | rhaD | Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase; Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L-lactaldehyde. Also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phospho- serine in vitro ; Belongs to the aldolase class II family. RhaD subfamily. (274 aa) |
| | rhaA | L-rhamnose isomerase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process. (419 aa) |
| | glpK | Glycerol kinase; Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to yield sn- glycerol 3-phosphate. It also catalyzes the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone, L-glyceraldehyde and D-glyceraldehyde. It uses only ATP; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (502 aa) |
| | priA | Primosome factor n' (replication factor Y); Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA. Is also involved in initiation of normal DNA replication in various plasmids and phages. Binds to branched DNA structures that resemble D-loops or to the primosome assembly site (PAS). Binds to DNA in two distinct modes, either dependent on or independent of [...] (732 aa) |
| | rpmE | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L31; Binds the 23S rRNA. (70 aa) |
| | gldA | Glycerol dehydrogenase, NAD+ dependent; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (glycerone). Allows microorganisms to utilize glycerol as a source of carbon under anaerobic conditions. In E.coli, an important role of GldA is also likely to regulate the intracellular level of dihydroxyacetone by catalyzing the reverse reaction, i.e. the conversion of dihydroxyacetone into glycerol. Possesses a broad substrate specificity, since it is also able to oxidize 1,2-propanediol and to reduce glycolaldehyde, methylglyoxal and hydroxyacetone into ethylene glycol, lac [...] (367 aa) |
| | argE | Acetylornithine deacetylase; Displays a broad specificity and can also deacylate substrates such as acetylarginine, acetylhistidine or acetylglutamate semialdehyde. (383 aa) |
| | rpoC | RNA polymerase, beta prime subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1407 aa) |
| | thiF | Adenylyltransferase, modifies ThiS C-terminus; Catalyzes the adenylation by ATP of the carboxyl group of the C-terminal glycine of sulfur carrier protein ThiS; Belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family. (251 aa) |
| | nudC | NADH pyrophosphatase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of dinucleotide pyrophosphates, but uniquely prefers the reduced form of NADH. (257 aa) |
| | zraP | Zn-dependent periplasmic chaperone; Binds zinc. Could be an important component of the zinc- balancing mechanism; Belongs to the ZraP family. (141 aa) |
| | zraS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. May function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates ZraR in response to high concentrations of zinc or lead in the medium. (465 aa) |
| | metH | homocysteine-N5-methyltetrahydrofolate transmethylase, B12-dependent; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl- cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using methyltetrahydrofolate. (1227 aa) |
| | zur | Transcriptional repressor, Zn(II)-binding; Acts as a negative controlling element, employing Zn(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes (znuACB); Belongs to the Fur family. (171 aa) |
| | uvrA | ATPase and DNA damage recognition protein of nucleotide excision repair excinuclease UvrABC; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (940 aa) |
| | alsE | Allulose-6-phosphate 3-epimerase; Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-allulose 6- phosphate to D-fructose 6-phosphate. Can also catalyze with lower efficiency the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to D- xylulose 5-phosphate. (231 aa) |
| | phnP | 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl 1,2-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the cyclic ribose-phosphate to form alpha-D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate. (252 aa) |
| | rsgA | Ribosome small subunit-dependent GTPase A; One of at least 4 proteins (Era, RbfA, RimM and RsgA/YjeQ) that assist in the late maturation steps of the functional core of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Binds the 30S subunit contacting the head, platform, and rRNA helix 44, which may assist the last maturation stages. Removes RbfA from mature, but not immature 30S ribosomes in a GTP- dependent manner; 95% removal in the presence of GTP, 90% removal in GMP-PNP and 65% removal in the presence of GDP. Circulary permuted GTPase that catalyzes rapid hydrolysis of GTP with a slow catalytic turnover [...] (350 aa) |
| | orn | Oligoribonuclease; 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease specific for small oligoribonucleotides 2 to 5 nucleotides in length, as well as small (2 to 5 nucleotides) ssDNA oligomers. Probably responsible for the final step in mRNA degradation. (181 aa) |
| | ulaF | L-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase; Catalyzes the isomerization of L-ribulose 5-phosphate to D- xylulose 5-phosphate. Is involved in the anaerobic L-ascorbate utilization; Belongs to the aldolase class II family. AraD/FucA subfamily. (228 aa) |
| | nrdD | Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides, which are required for DNA synthesis and repair. Belongs to the anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase family. (712 aa) |
| | pyrI | Aspartate carbamoyltransferase, regulatory subunit; Involved in allosteric regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase; Belongs to the PyrI family. (153 aa) |
| | argI | Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 1; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline, which is a substrate for argininosuccinate synthetase, the enzyme involved in the final step in arginine biosynthesis. (334 aa) |
| | idnD | L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase, NAD-binding; Catalyzes the NADH/NADPH-dependent oxidation of L-idonate to 5-ketogluconate (5KG); Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (343 aa) |
| | ahr | Broad specificity NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, Zn-containing; Catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes including aliphatic fatty aldehydes (C4-C16), into their corresponding alcohols. Has a strong preference for NADPH over NADH as the electron donor. Cannot use glyceraldehyde or a ketone as substrate. Is a relevant source of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity in E.coli. The in vivo functions of Ahr has yet to be determined. (339 aa) |
| | sgcE | Putative epimerase; Probable pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase. (210 aa) |
| | iadA | Isoaspartyl dipeptidase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of a subset of L- isoaspartyl (L-beta-aspartyl) dipeptides. Used to degrade proteins damaged by L-isoaspartyl residues formation. The best substrate for the enzyme reported thus far is iso-Asp-Leu. (390 aa) |
| | yjiA | Metal-binding GTPase; Binds GTP and has low GTPase activity. May have a GTP- dependent regulatory function; Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. CobW subfamily. (318 aa) |
| | lgoD | L-galactonate oxidoreductase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactonate to D-tagaturonate. Required for growth on L-galactonate as the sole carbon source. In vitro, can also use L-gulonate. (340 aa) |
| | radA | DNA repair protein; DNA-dependent ATPase involved in processing of recombination intermediates, plays a role in repairing DNA breaks. Stimulates the branch migration of RecA-mediated strand transfer reactions, allowing the 3' invading strand to extend heteroduplex DNA faster. Binds ssDNA in the presence of ADP but not other nucleotides, has ATPase activity that is stimulated by ssDNA and various branched DNA structures, but inhibited by SSB. Does not have RecA's homology-searching function. Genetic experiments involving combination of radA mutations with mutations in recA, recB, recG, [...] (460 aa) |
| | dnaJ | Chaperone Hsp40, DnaK co-chaperone; Interacts with DnaK and GrpE to disassemble a protein complex at the origins of replication of phage lambda and several plasmids. Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK t [...] (376 aa) |
| | ileS | isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of isoleucine to tRNA(Ile). As IleRS can inadvertently accommodate and process structurally similar amino acids such as valine, to avoid such errors it has two additional distinct tRNA(Ile)-dependent editing activities. One activity is designated as 'pretransfer' editing and involves the hydrolysis of activated Val-AMP. The other activity is designated 'posttransfer' editing and involves deacylation of mischarged Val-tRNA(Ile). (938 aa) |
| | pdxA | 4-hydroxy-L-threonine phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Catalyzes the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of 4-(phosphooxy)-L- threonine (HTP) into 2-amino-3-oxo-4-(phosphooxy)butyric acid which spontaneously decarboxylates to form 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate (AHAP); Belongs to the PdxA family. (329 aa) |
| | araD | L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase; Involved in the degradation of L-arabinose. Catalyzes the interconversion of L-ribulose 5-phosphate (LRu5P) and D- xylulose 5-phosphate (D-Xu5P) via a retroaldol/aldol mechanism (carbon- carbon bond cleavage analogous to a class II aldolase reaction). (231 aa) |
| | lpxC | UDP-3-O-acyl N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of UDP-3-O-myristoyl-N- acetylglucosamine to form UDP-3-O-myristoylglucosamine and acetate, the committed step in lipid A biosynthesis. (305 aa) |
| | secA | Preprotein translocase subunit, ATPase; Required for protein export, interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. SecA has a central role in coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the transfer of proteins into and across the cell membrane, serving both as a receptor for the preprotein-SecB complex and as an ATP-driven molecular motor driving the stepwise translocation of polypeptide chains across the membrane. (901 aa) |
| | yacG | DNA gyrase inhibitor; Inhibits all the catalytic activities of DNA gyrase by preventing its interaction with DNA. Acts by binding directly to the C- terminal domain of GyrB, which probably disrupts DNA binding by the gyrase. (65 aa) |
| | ampD | 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase, Zn-dependent; Involved in cell wall peptidoglycan recycling. Specifically cleaves the amide bond between the lactyl group of N-acetylmuramic acid and the alpha-amino group of the L-alanine in degradation products containing an anhydro N-acetylmuramyl moiety. Is also involved in beta-lactamase induction ; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (183 aa) |
| | can | Putative carbonic anhdrase; Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family. (220 aa) |
| | gluQ | glutamyl-Q tRNA(Asp) synthetase; Catalyzes the tRNA-independent activation of glutamate in presence of ATP and the subsequent transfer of glutamate onto tRNA(Asp). Glutamate is transferred on the 2-amino-5-(4,5-dihydroxy-2- cyclopenten-1-yl) moiety of the queuosine in position 34 of the tRNA(Asp), the wobble position of the QUC anticodon. Does not transfer glutamate to either tRNA(Glu) or tRNA(Gln). The incapacity of the glutamylated tRNA(Asp) to bind elongation factor Tu suggests that it is not involved in ribosomal protein biosynthesis. (308 aa) |
| | dksA | Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...] (151 aa) |
| | rseP | Inner membrane zinc RIP metalloprotease; A site-2 regulated intramembrane protease (S2P) that cleaves the peptide bond between 'Ala-108' and 'Cys-109' in the transmembrane region of RseA. Part of a regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) cascade. Acts on DegS-cleaved RseA to release the cytoplasmic domain of RseA, residue 'Val-148' of RseA may be required for this. This provides the cell with sigma-E (RpoE) activity through the proteolysis of RseA. Can also cleave sequences in transmembrane regions of other proteins (such as LacY) as well as liberated signal peptides of beta-lactamas [...] (450 aa) |
| | gmhB | D,D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase; Converts the D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (beta-HBP) intermediate into D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate by removing the phosphate group at the C-7 position. (191 aa) |
| | gloB | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; Type II glyoxalase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of (R)-S- lactoylglutathione to (R)-lactate and glutathione. Is more efficient than the isozyme GloC, and plays a major contribution to methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification in E.coli. The two isoenzymes have additive effects and ensure maximal MG degradation. (251 aa) |
| | gmhA | D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the isomerization of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate in D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate; Belongs to the SIS family. GmhA subfamily. (192 aa) |
| | pepD | Cytosol non-specific dipeptidase; Dipeptidase with broad substrate specificity. Requires dipeptide substrates with an unblocked N-terminus and the amino group in the alpha or beta position. Non-protein amino acids and proline are not accepted in the C-terminal position, whereas some dipeptide amides and formyl amino acids are hydrolyzed. Also shows cysteinylglycinase activity, which is sufficient for E.coli to utilize cysteinylglycine as a cysteine source. (485 aa) |
| | ykfG | CP4-6 prophage; Putative DNA repair protein; Belongs to the UPF0758 family. (158 aa) |
| | mmuM | CP4-6 prophage; Catalyzes methyl transfer from S-methylmethionine or S- adenosylmethionine (less efficient) to homocysteine, selenohomocysteine and less efficiently selenocysteine. (310 aa) |
| | argF | Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2, chain F; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline, which is a substrate for argininosuccinate synthetase, the enzyme involved in the final step in arginine biosynthesis. (334 aa) |
| | yahK | Broad specificity NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, Zn-containing; Catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols. Has a strong preference for NADPH over NADH as the electron donor. Cannot use a ketone as substrate. Is a major source of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity in E.coli. The in vivo functions of YahK has yet to be determined. Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (349 aa) |
| | codA | Cytosine/isoguanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil. Is involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, which allows the cell to utilize cytosine for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Is also able to catalyze deamination of isoguanine, a mutagenic oxidation product of adenine in DNA, and of isocytosine. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5FU); this activity allows the formation of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent from a non-cytotoxic precursor. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases supe [...] (427 aa) |
| | cynT | Carbonic anhydrase; Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide formed in the bicarbonate-dependent decomposition of cyanate by cyanase (CynS) diffuses out of the cell faster than it would be hydrated to bicarbonate, so the apparent function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and thus prevent depletion of cellular bicarbonate. (219 aa) |
| | frmA | Alcohol dehydrogenase class III; Has high formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the presence of glutathione and catalyzes the oxidation of normal alcohols in a reaction that is not GSH-dependent. In addition, hemithiolacetals other than those formed from GSH, including omega-thiol fatty acids, also are substrates; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily. (369 aa) |
| | hemB | 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase); Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen; Belongs to the ALAD family. (324 aa) |
| | phoA | Alkaline phosphatase; start codon corrected; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process; Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family. (471 aa) |
| | tgt | tRNA-guanine transglycosylase; Catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with the queuine precursor 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (PreQ1) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming PreQ1, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the [...] (375 aa) |
| | nrdR | Nrd regulon repressor; Represses transcription of the class Ib RNR genes nrdHIEF but has much smaller effect on transcription of the class Ia RNR genes nrdAB and class III RNR genes nrdDG. By binding to nrdR boxes in the promoter regions to alter promoter activity, nrdR differentially regulates nrdAB, nrdHIEF and nrdD transcription in aerobic growth. (149 aa) |
| | ribD | Diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase; Converts 2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'- phosphate into 5-amino-6-(ribosylamino)-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione 5'- phosphate; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (367 aa) |
| | clpX | ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpX-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease; ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease. Uses cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis to unfold proteins and translocate them to the ClpP protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates both with and without the help of adapter proteins such as SspB. Participates in the final steps of RseA-sigma-E degradation, liberating sigma-E to induce the extracytoplasmic-stress response. It may bind to the lambda O substrate protein and present it to the ClpP protease in a form that can be recognized a [...] (424 aa) |
| | queC | 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) synthase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of 7-carboxy-7- deazaguanine (CDG) to 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ(0)). (231 aa) |
| | recR | Gap repair protein; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (201 aa) |
| | ushA | Bifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5'-nucleotidase; Degradation of external UDP-glucose to uridine monophosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, which can then be used by the cell. (550 aa) |
| | allB | Allantoinase; Catalyzes the conversion of allantoin (5-ureidohydantoin) to allantoic acid by hydrolytic cleavage of the five-member hydantoin ring; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family. (453 aa) |
| | allC | Allantoate amidohydrolase; Involved in the anaerobic nitrogen utilization via the assimilation of allantoin. Catalyzes specifically the hydrolysis of allantoate to yield CO2, NH3 and S- ureidoglycine, which is unstable and readily undergoes a second deamination by S-ureidoglycine aminohydrolase AllE to yield S- ureidoglycolate and NH3. In vivo, the spontaneous release of S-ureidoglycolate and ammonia from S-ureidoglycine appears to be too slow to sustain an efficient flux of nitrogen. (411 aa) |
| | cysS | Cysteine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (461 aa) |
| | ybcO | DLP12 prophage; Based on its fold and a conserved His residue, has been predicted to be a nuclease; Belongs to the YbcO family. (96 aa) |
| | ybdH | Putative oxidoreductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxobutanoate, leading to the respective 2-hydroxycarboxylate. Cannot use NADH instead of NADPH as a redox partner. Do not catalyze the reverse reactions; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (362 aa) |
| | ybdR | Putative oxidoreductase. (412 aa) |
| | ybeY | ssRNA-specific endoribonuclease; Single strand-specific metallo-endoribonuclease involved in late-stage 70S ribosome quality control and in maturation of the 3' terminus of the 16S rRNA. Acts together with the RNase R to eliminate defective 70S ribosomes, but not properly matured 70S ribosomes or individual subunits, by a process mediated specifically by the 30S ribosomal subunit. Involved in the processing of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs, with a particularly strong effect on maturation at both the 5'- and 3'- ends of 16S rRNA as well as maturation of the 5'-end of 23S and 5S rRNAs. (155 aa) |
| | nagA | N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase; Involved in the first step in the biosynthesis of amino- sugar-nucleotides. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-acetyl group of N- acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to yield glucosamine 6- phosphate and acetate. In vitro, can also hydrolyze substrate analogs such as N-thioacetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate, N-trifluoroacetyl-D- glucosamine-6-phosphate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate, N-acetyl-D- galactosamine-6-phosphate, and N-formyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate. (382 aa) |
| | nagE | N-acetyl glucosamine specific PTS enzyme IIC, IIB, and IIA components; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylglucosamine transport. It can also transport and phosphorylate the antibiotic streptozotocin. Could play a significant role in the recycling of peptidoglycan. (648 aa) |
| | fur | Ferric iron uptake regulon transcriptional repressor; Acts as a global negative controlling element, employing Fe(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Regulates the expression of several outer-membrane proteins including the iron transport operon; Belongs to the Fur family. (148 aa) |
| | nei | Endonuclease VIII and 5-formyluracil/5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine. Acts on DNA bubble and 3'-fork structures, suggesting a role in replication- associated DNA repair. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a sing [...] (263 aa) |
| | zitB | Zinc efflux system; Involved in zinc efflux across the cytoplasmic membrane, thus reducing zinc accumulation in the cytoplasm and rendering bacteria more resistant to zinc. It may contribute to zinc homeostasis at low concentrations of zinc, whereas ZntA is required for growth at more toxic concentrations; Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily. (313 aa) |
| | galT | Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; Protein involved in cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting, galactose metabolic process, colanic acid biosynthetic process, carbohydrate catabolic process and response to desiccation; Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase type 1 family. (348 aa) |
| | ybiI | DksA-type zinc finger protein. (88 aa) |
| | moeB | Molybdopterin synthase sulfurylase; Catalyzes the adenylation by ATP of the carboxyl group of the C-terminal glycine of sulfur carrier protein MoaD. (249 aa) |
| | amiD | 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase, Zn-dependent; OM lipoprotein. (276 aa) |
| | ycaL | Putative peptidase-related chaperone; Involved in the degradation of the LPS-assembly protein LptD. Degrades LptD that have engaged the Bam complex but are stalled at an early step in the outer membrane protein assembly process. (254 aa) |
| | ycbL | Putative metal-binding enzyme; Type II glyoxalase, isozyme of GloB, that hydrolyzes (R)-S- lactoylglutathione to (R)-lactate and glutathione. Plays a minor contribution to methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification in E.coli, compared to GloB. The two isoenzymes have additive effects and ensure maximal MG degradation. (215 aa) |
| | pepN | Aminopeptidase N; Aminopeptidase N is involved in the degradation of intracellular peptides generated by protein breakdown during normal growth as well as in response to nutrient starvation. (870 aa) |
| | ycdX | Alkaline phosphatase; Hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in vitro. Involved in the swarming motility process; Belongs to the PHP family. (245 aa) |
| | pyrC | Dihydro-orotase; Catalyzes the reversible cyclization of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily. (348 aa) |
| | rne | Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...] (1061 aa) |
| | nagK | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) derived from cell-wall degradation, yielding GlcNAc-6-P. Has also low level glucokinase activity in vitro. Belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family. NagK subfamily. (303 aa) |
| | cobB | Deacetylase of acs and cheY, chemotaxis regulator; NAD-dependent lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase that specifically removes acetyl and succinyl groups on target proteins. Modulates the activities of several proteins which are inactive in their acylated form. Activates the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylating 'Lys-609' in the inactive, acetylated form of the enzyme. May also modulate the activity of other propionyl-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-forming enzymes. Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class III subfamily. (242 aa) |
| | pepT | Peptidase T; Cleaves the N-terminal amino acid of tripeptides. Belongs to the peptidase M20B family. (408 aa) |
| | tdk | Thymidine kinase/deoxyuridine kinase; Phosphorylates both thymidine and deoxyuridine. (205 aa) |
| | rppH | RNA pyrophosphohydrolase; Master regulator of 5'-end-dependent mRNA decay. Accelerates the degradation of transcripts by removing pyrophosphate from the 5'-end of triphosphorylated RNA, leading to a more labile monophosphorylated state that can stimulate subsequent ribonuclease cleavage. Preferentially hydrolyzes diadenosine penta-phosphate with ATP as one of the reaction products. Also able to hydrolyze diadenosine hexa- and tetra-phosphate. Has no activity on diadenosine tri-phosphate, ADP-ribose, NADH and UDP-glucose. In an RNase PH (rph) wild-type strain background, RppH is not req [...] (176 aa) |
| | kduI | Hexuronate isomerase; Catalyzes the isomerization of 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D- glucuronate to 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate (By similarity). Plays a role in the catabolism of hexuronates under osmotic stress conditions, likely substituting for the regular hexuronate degrading enzyme UxaC whose expression is repressed in these conditions ; Belongs to the KduI family. (278 aa) |
| | ygeY | Putative deacetylase. (403 aa) |
| | ssnA | Putative chlorohydrolase/aminohydrolase; Protein involved in cell cycle. (442 aa) |
| | guaD | Guanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family. (439 aa) |
| | fbaA | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II; Catalyzes the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in gluconeogenesis and the reverse reaction in glycolysis. (359 aa) |
| | loiP | Phe-Phe periplasmic metalloprotease, OM lipoprotein; Metalloprotease that cleaves substrates preferentially between Phe-Phe residues. Plays a role in response to some stress conditions. Seems to regulate the expression of speB. (252 aa) |
| | yggI | Zn-dependent metalloprotease-related protein; Involved in bolA gene expression at the stationary phase. (165 aa) |
| | hybF | Protein involved with the maturation of hydrogenases 1 and 2; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Required for nickel insertion into the metal center of the hydrogenase. HybF is involved in maturation of hydrogenases 1 and 2. It may partially substitute for the function of HypA and vice versa. (113 aa) |
| | yqhD | Aldehyde reductase, NADPH-dependent; NADP-dependent ADH activity; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (387 aa) |
| | mqsA | Antitoxin for MqsR toxin; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Labile antitoxin that binds to the MqsR mRNA interferase toxin and neutralizes its endoribonuclease activity. Overexpression prevents MqsR-mediated cessation of cell growth and inhibition of cell proliferation. Initially reported to act as a cotranscription factor with MqsA. Following further experiments, the MqsR-MqsA complex does not bind DNA and all reported data are actually due to a small fraction of free MqsA alone binding DNA. Addition of MqsR to a preformed MqsA-promoter DNA complex causes d [...] (131 aa) |
| | ygiD | 4,5- DOPA-extradiol-dioxygenase; In vitro, opens the cyclic ring of dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) between carbons 4 and 5, thus producing an unstable seco-DOPA that rearranges nonenzymatically to betalamic acid. The physiological substrate is unknown. (262 aa) |
| | zupT | Zinc transporter; Mediates zinc uptake. May also transport other divalent cations such as copper and cadmium ions; Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. ZupT subfamily. (257 aa) |
| | dnaG | DNA primase; RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerase during DNA replication. (581 aa) |
| | kbaY | Tagatose 6-phosphate aldolase 1, kbaY subunit; Catalytic subunit of the tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase KbaYZ, which catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate (TBP). Requires KbaZ subunit for full activity and stability. (286 aa) |
| | ftsH | Protease, ATP-dependent zinc-metallo; Acts as a processive, ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins. Degrades a few membrane proteins that have not been assembled into complexes such as SecY, F(0) ATPase subunit a and YccA, and also cytoplasmic proteins sigma-32, LpxC, KdtA and phage lambda cII protein among others. Degrades membrane proteins in a processive manner starting at either the N- or C-terminus; recognition requires a cytoplasmic tail of about 20 residues with no apparent [...] (644 aa) |
| | kdsD | D-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO), a unique 8-carbon sugar component of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). KdsD is not essential in the KDO biosynthesis and can be substituted by GutQ. Catalyzes the reversible aldol-ketol isomerization between D- ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) and D-arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P). (328 aa) |
| | nanK | N-acetylmannosamine kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) to ManNAc-6-P. Has also low level glucokinase activity in vitro. Belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family. NanK subfamily. (291 aa) |
| | def | Peptide deformylase; Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins. Requires at least a dipeptide for an efficient rate of reaction. N-terminal L-methionine is a prerequisite for activity but the enzyme has broad specificity at other positions. (169 aa) |
| | zntR | zntA gene transcriptional activator; Zinc-responsive transcriptional regulator of zntA. (141 aa) |
| | slyD | FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase); Folding helper with both chaperone and peptidyl-prolyl cis- trans isomerase (PPIase) activities. Chaperone activity prevents aggregation of unfolded or partially folded proteins and promotes their correct folding. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of Xaa- Pro bonds of peptides, which accelerates slow steps of protein folding and thus shortens the lifetime of intermediates. Both strategies lower the concentration of intermediates and increase the productivity and yield of the folding reaction. SlyD could be involved in [...] (196 aa) |
| | php | Phosphotriesterase homology protein; Its real enzymatic activity is not yet known. It was tested for general esterase, aminopeptidase, sulfatase, phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, phosphodiesterase, and phosphotriesterase activities with the following substrates: p-nitrophenyl acetate, L-alanine nitroanilide, p-nitrophenyl sulfate, bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate, paraoxon, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. No enzymatic activity was detected with any of these non-specific substrates. (292 aa) |
| | rpe | D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase; Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5- phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. (225 aa) |
| | aroB | 3-dehydroquinate synthase; Catalyzes the conversion of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) to dehydroquinate (DHQ). (362 aa) |
| | hslO | Heat shock protein Hsp33; Redox regulated molecular chaperone. Protects both thermally unfolding and oxidatively damaged proteins from irreversible aggregation. Plays an important role in the bacterial defense system toward oxidative stress. (292 aa) |
| | yhhW | Quercetinase activity in vitro; Has quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity in vitro. Its physiological role is unknown; however, may provide a mechanism that would avoid inhibition of key cellular proteins, such as DNA gyrase, by quercetin. (231 aa) |
| | zntA | Zinc, cobalt and lead efflux system; Confers resistance to zinc, cadmium and lead. Couples the hydrolysis of ATP with the export of zinc, cadmium or lead, with highest activity when the metals are present as metal-thiolate complexes. Can also bind nickel, copper, cobalt and mercury. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily. (732 aa) |
| | prlC | Oligopeptidase A; May play a specific role in the degradation of signal peptides after they are released from precursor forms of secreted proteins. Can cleave N-acetyl-L-Ala(4). (680 aa) |
| | yhjJ | Putative periplasmic M16 family chaperone; Belongs to the peptidase M16 family. (498 aa) |
| | tag | 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase I, constitutive; Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3- methyladenine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions. (187 aa) |
| | sgbE | L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase; Catalyzes the interconversion of L-ribulose 5-phosphate (LRu5P) and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (D-Xu5P) via a retroaldol/aldol mechanism (carbon-carbon bond cleavage analogous to a class II aldolase reaction). May be involved in the utilization of 2,3-diketo-L-gulonate. (231 aa) |
| | mutM | Formamidopyrimidine/5-formyluracil/ 5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its derivatives such as guanidinohydantoin:C and spiroiminodihydantoin:C, however it also acts on thymine glycol:G, 5,6-dihydrouracil:G and 5-hydroxyuracil:G. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-de [...] (269 aa) |
| | topA | DNA topoisomerase I, omega subunit; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus re [...] (865 aa) |
| | ribA | GTP cyclohydrolase II; Catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 2,5-diamino-6- ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate (DARP), formate and pyrophosphate. (196 aa) |
| | ycjQ | Putative Zn-dependent NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase; Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of the hydroxyl group at C3 of D-gulosides leading to 3-dehydro-D-gulosides. Probably functions in a metabolic pathway that transforms D-gulosides to D- glucosides. Is also able to catalyze the reverse reactions, i.e. the NADH-dependent reduction of the oxo group at C3 of 3-dehydro-D- gulosides leading to D-gulosides. In vitro, can oxidize D-gulose and methyl beta-D-guloside, and reduce methyl alpha-3-dehydro-D-guloside and methyl beta-3-dehydro-D-guloside. However, the actual specific physiol [...] (350 aa) |
| | mpaA | Murein peptide amidase A; Involved in muropeptide degradation. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma-D-glutamyl-diaminopimelic acid (gamma-D-Glu-Dap) amide bond in the murein tripeptide L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso- diaminopimelic acid, leading to the formation of L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu and Dap. Has weak activity with L-Ala- gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys, MurNAc-tripeptide and gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap. Cannot hydrolyze murein tetrapeptide ; Belongs to the peptidase M14 family. (242 aa) |
| | ydaN | Putative Zn(II) transporter; Mediates efflux of zinc ions. (327 aa) |
| | insQ | Putative transposase InsQ for insertion sequence element IS609; Required for the transposition of the insertion element. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transposase 35 family. (382 aa) |
| | adhP | Ethanol-active dehydrogenase/acetaldehyde-active reductase; Preferred specificity is towards 1-propanol; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (336 aa) |
| | ddpX | D-ala-D-ala dipeptidase, Zn-dependent; Catalyzes hydrolysis of the D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide. May have a role in cell-wall turnover. (193 aa) |
| | pqqL | Putative periplasmic M16 family zinc metalloendopeptidase; Putative zinc protease. (931 aa) |
| | dcp | Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase II; Removes dipeptides from the C-termini of N-blocked tripeptides, tetrapeptides and larger peptides. Belongs to the peptidase M3 family. (681 aa) |
| | rspB | Starvation-sensing protein RspB; Not known; probable catabolic enzyme. (339 aa) |
| | mlc | Glucosamine anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional repressor that regulates the expression of proteins that are part of the phosphotransferase system for sugar uptake. Regulates the expression of malT. (406 aa) |
| | manA | Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the conversion of glucose to GDP-L-fucose, which can be converted to L-fucose, a capsular polysaccharide. (391 aa) |
| | add | Adenosine deaminase; Protein involved in nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family. Adenosine deaminase subfamily. (333 aa) |
| | sodC | Superoxide dismutase, Cu, Zn, periplasmic; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (173 aa) |
| | thrS | threonyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: L-threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). The rate-limiting step is amino acid activation in the presence of tRNA. The 2'-OH of the acceptor base (adenine 76, A76) of tRNA(Thr) and His-309 collaborate to transfer L-Thr to the tRNA; substitution of 2'-OH of A76 with hydrogen or fluorine decreases transfer efficiency 760 and 100-fold respectively. The zinc ion in the active site discriminates against charging of the isost [...] (642 aa) |
| | yniC | 2-deoxyglucose-6-P phosphatase; Sugar-phosphate phosphohydrolase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of D-mannitol 1-phosphate and D-sorbitol 6-phosphate. Also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 2- deoxyglucose 6-phosphate (2dGlu6P); this is a biologically important activity in vivo since it contributes to the elimination of this toxic compound and plays an important role in the resistance of E.coli to 2- deoxyglucose. To a lesser extent, is also able to dephosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P), erythrose-4-phosphate, 2- deoxyribose-5-phosphate (2dRib5P), ribose-5-phosphate (Rib5P) [...] (222 aa) |
| | astE | Succinylglutamate desuccinylase; Transforms N(2)-succinylglutamate into succinate and glutamate; Belongs to the AspA/AstE family. Succinylglutamate desuccinylase subfamily. (322 aa) |
| | pncA | Nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase; Catalyzes the deamidation of nicotinamide (NAM) into nicotinate. Likely functions in the cyclical salvage pathway for production of NAD from nicotinamide. (213 aa) |
| | ydjJ | Putative oxidoreductase. (347 aa) |
| | ydjL | Putative Zn-dependent NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase. (358 aa) |
| | msrB | Methionine sulfoxide reductase B. (137 aa) |
| | rlmA | 23S rRNA m(1)G745 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the guanosine in position 745 of 23S rRNA. (269 aa) |
| | htpX | Putative endopeptidase; Membrane-localized protease able to endoproteolytically degrade overproduced SecY but not YccA, another membrane protein. It seems to cleave SecY at specific cytoplasmic sites. Does not require ATP. Its natural substrate has not been identified. Probably plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins. Belongs to the peptidase M48B family. (293 aa) |
| | mepM | Murein DD-endopeptidase, space-maker hydrolase, septation protein; A murein DD-endopeptidase with specificity for D-Ala-meso- diaminopimelic acid (mDAP) cross-links. Its role is probably to cleave D-Ala-mDAP cross-links to allow insertion of new glycans and thus cell wall expansion. Functionally redundant with MepM and MepH. Partially suppresses an mepS disruption mutant. (440 aa) |
| | znuA | Zinc ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Involved in the high-affinity zinc uptake transport system. (310 aa) |
| | znuC | Zinc ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex ZnuABC involved in zinc import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Zinc importer (TC 3.A.1.15.5) family. (251 aa) |
| | znuB | Zinc ABC transporter permease; Involved in the high-affinity zinc uptake transport system; Belongs to the ABC-3 integral membrane protein family. (261 aa) |
| | flhC | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhD; Functions in complex with FlhD as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (192 aa) |
| | vsr | DNA mismatch endonuclease of very short patch repair; Deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA results in T/G mismatches. If unrepaired, these mismatches can lead to C-to-C transition mutations. The very short patch (VSP) repair process in E.coli counteracts the mutagenic process by repairing the mismatches in favor of the G-containing strand. This enzyme is an endonuclease that nicks double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the thymidine residue that is mismatched to 2'-deoxyguanosine. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific; Belongs to the vsr [...] (156 aa) |
| | hchA | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, [...] (283 aa) |
| | zinT | Zinc and cadmium binding protein, periplasmic; May function as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or mediate direct transport of zinc from the periplasm to the cytoplasm under zinc-limited conditions. Binds zinc with high affinity, and can also bind cadmium, mercury or nickel. Preferentially binds Zn(2+) over Cd(2+). Contains one high affinity metal binding site, and can bind additional metal ions at other sites; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. ZinT family. (216 aa) |
| | yeeS | CP4-44 prophage; Putative DNA repair protein, RADC family; Belongs to the UPF0758 family. (148 aa) |
| | sbcB | Exodeoxyribonuclease I; Degrades single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in a highly processive manner. Also functions as a DNA deoxyribophosphodiesterase that releases deoxyribose-phosphate moieties following the cleavage of DNA at an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site by either an AP endonuclease or AP lyase. (475 aa) |
| | hisD | Bifunctional histidinal dehydrogenase/ histidinol dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L- histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine. (434 aa) |
| | hisB | Imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase and histidinol-phosphate phosphatase; Protein involved in histidine biosynthetic process. (355 aa) |
| | gatD | Galactitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, Zn-dependent and NAD(P)-binding; Converts galactitol 1-phosphate to D-tagatose 6-phosphate. Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (346 aa) |
| | gatY | D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase 2, catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of the tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase GatYZ, which catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate (TBP). Requires GatZ subunit for full activity and stability. Is involved in the catabolism of galactitol. (284 aa) |
| | metG | methionyl-tRNA synthetase; Is required not only for elongation of protein synthesis but also for the initiation of all mRNA translation through initiator tRNA(fMet) aminoacylation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. MetG type 1 subfamily. (677 aa) |
| | cdd | Cytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase; This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis. (294 aa) |
| | folE | GTP cyclohydrolase I; Protein involved in folic acid biosynthetic process; Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family. (222 aa) |
| | nfo | Endonuclease IV with intrinsic 3'-5' exonuclease activity; Endonuclease IV plays a role in DNA repair. It cleaves phosphodiester bonds at apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) sites, generating a 3'-hydroxyl group and a 5'-terminal sugar phosphate. It preferentially attacks modified AP sites created by bleomycin and neocarzinostatin. (285 aa) |
| | yeiR | Zn-stimulated GTPase involved in zinc homeostasis; Involved in metal homeostasis. Has GTPase activity. Binds several Zn(2+) ions in vitro. (328 aa) |
| | yejH | Putative ATP-dependent DNA or RNA helicase; RadD contains helicase motifs, suggesting it may be a helicase, although that activity has not been observed (Probable). In combination with RadA is important in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSB). Has DNA-independent ATPase activity that is stimulated by single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSB. ATPase is stimulated by a peptide with the last 10 residues of SSB, but not when the peptide's last Phe residue is missing. Binds ssDNA; binding is slightly better in the presence of nucleotides. May be involved in resolution of branched DNA int [...] (586 aa) |
| | ada | Fused DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator/O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; Involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Repairs O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4- methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme (Cys-321). Also specifically repairs the Sp diastereomer of DNA methylphosphotriester lesions by the same mechanism, although the methyl transfer occurs onto a different cysteine residue (Cys-38). Cannot demeth [...] (354 aa) |
| | rbn | RNase BN, tRNA processing enzyme; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which has both exoribonuclease and endoribonuclease activities, depending on the nature of the substrate and of the added divalent cation, and on its 3'-terminal structure. Can process the 3' termini of both CCA-less and CCA-containing tRNA precursors. CCA-less tRNAs are cleaved endonucleolytically after the discriminator base, whereas residues following the CCA sequence can be removed exonucleolytically or endonucleolytically in CCA-containing molecules. Does not remove the CCA sequence. May also be involved in the degradation [...] (305 aa) |
| | accD | acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta (carboxyltransferase) subunit; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA; Belongs to the AccD/PCCB family. (304 aa) |
| | mepA | Murein DD-endopeptidase; Murein endopeptidase that cleaves the D-alanyl-meso-2,6- diamino-pimelyl amide bond that connects peptidoglycan strands. Likely plays a role in the removal of murein from the sacculus and could also play a role in the integration of nascent murein strands into the sacculus. (274 aa) |
| | gltX | glutamyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). (471 aa) |
| | ligA | DNA ligase, NAD(+)-dependent; DNA ligase that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double- stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. It is essential for DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA; Belongs to the NAD-dependent DNA ligase family. LigA subfamily. (671 aa) |
| | crr | Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...] (169 aa) |
| | pdxK | Pyridoxal-pyridoxamine kinase/hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase; B6-vitamer kinase involved in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), and pyridoxamine (PM), forming their respective 5'-phosphorylated esters, i.e. PNP, PLP and PMP. Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family. PdxK subfamily. (283 aa) |
| | dapE | N-succinyl-diaminopimelate deacylase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid (SDAP), forming succinate and LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate (DAP), an intermediate involved in the bacterial biosynthesis of lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid, an essential component of bacterial cell walls; Belongs to the peptidase M20A family. DapE subfamily. (375 aa) |
| | bepA | OM protein maintenance and assembly metalloprotease and chaperone, periplasmic; Functions as both a chaperone and a metalloprotease. Maintains the integrity of the outer membrane by promoting either the assembly or the elimination of outer membrane proteins, depending on their folding state. Promotes disulfide rearrangement of LptD during its biogenesis, and proteolytic degradation of LptD and BamA when their proper assembly is compromised. May facilitate membrane attachment of LoiP under unfavorable conditions; Belongs to the peptidase M48 family. BepA subfamily. (487 aa) |
| | yphC | Putative oxidoreductase. (353 aa) |
| | tadA | tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase; Catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position 34 of tRNA(Arg2). Essential for cell viability. Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (167 aa) |
| | trxC | Thioredoxin 2; Efficient electron donor for the essential enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Is also able to reduce the interchain disulfide bridges of insulin. (139 aa) |
| | yfjY | CP4-57 prophage; Putative DNA repair protein; Belongs to the UPF0758 family. (160 aa) |
| | alaS | alanyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of L-alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: L-alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). AlaRS also incorrectly activates the sterically smaller amino acid glycine as well as the sterically larger amino acid L-serine; generates 2-fold more mischarged Gly than Ser. These mischarged amino acids occur because the of inherent physicochemical limitations on discrimination between closely related amino acids (Ala, Gly and Ser) in the charging step. Attaches Ala to transfer-me [...] (876 aa) |
| | srlQ | D-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the reversible aldol-ketol isomerization between D- ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) and D-arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P). It appears that the physiological function of G-API may be to synthesize the regulatory molecule A5P, which in turn participates in the induction of the gut operon through an unknown mechanism. It is also able of sustaining the biosynthetic pathway of 3-deoxy-D-manno- octulosonate (KDO), a unique 8-carbon sugar component of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs); Belongs to the SIS family. GutQ/KpsF subfamily. (321 aa) |
| | hypF | Carbamoyl phosphate phosphatase and [NiFe] hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Along with HypE, it catalyzes the synthesis of the CN ligands of the active site iron of [NiFe]-hydrogenases. HypF functions as a carbamoyl transferase using carbamoylphosphate as a substrate and transferring the carboxamido moiety in an ATP-dependent reaction to the thiolate of the C-terminal cysteine of HypE yielding a protein-S-carboxamide. In the absence of any other substrate, displays carbamoyl-phosphate phosphatase activity. (750 aa) |
| | hypA | Protein involved in nickel insertion into hydrogenases 3; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Required for nickel insertion into the metal center of the hydrogenase. Mediates transfer of nickel, but not zinc, from the low-affinity metal-binding site in the GTPase domain of HypB to HypA. HypA is involved in maturation of hydrogenase 3. It may partially substitute for the function of HybF and vice versa. May act as a scaffold for assembly of the nickel insertion proteins with the hydrogenase precursor protein after delivery of the iron center. Belongs to the HypA/HybF family. (116 aa) |
| | hypB | GTP hydrolase involved in nickel liganding into hydrogenases; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Required for nickel insertion into the metal center of the hydrogenase. Exhibits a low intrinsic GTPase activity, which is essential for nickel insertion. In the presence of GDP, nickel, but not zinc, is transferred from the HypB GTPase domain (G-domain) to HypA. Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. HypB/HupM subfamily. (290 aa) |
| | ygbL | Putative class II aldolase; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of 3-oxo-tetronate 4-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and CO(2). Belongs to the aldolase class II family. AraD/FucA subfamily. (212 aa) |
| | umpG | Broad specificity 5'(3')-nucleotidase and polyphosphatase; Nucleotidase with a broad substrate specificity as it can dephosphorylate various ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates and ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates with highest affinity to 3'-AMP. Also hydrolyzes polyphosphate (exopolyphosphatase activity) with the preference for short-chain-length substrates (P20-25). Might be involved in the regulation of dNTP and NTP pools, and in the turnover of 3'-mononucleotides produced by numerous intracellular RNases (T1, T2, and F) during the degradation of various RNAs. Also plays [...] (253 aa) |
| | iap | Aminopeptidase in alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion; This protein, presumably an aminopeptidase, mediates the conversion of E.coli alkaline phosphatase isozyme 1, to isozymes 2 and 3 by removing, one by one, the two N-terminal arginine residues. (345 aa) |
| | queD | 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase (PTPS); Catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP) to 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (CPH4) and acetaldehyde. Can also convert 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (PPH4) and sepiapterin to CPH4; these 2 compounds are probably intermediates in the reaction from H2NTP. (121 aa) |
| | fucA | L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of L-fucose and D-arabinose. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-fuculose 1- phosphate (Fuc1P) to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L- lactaldehyde (Ref.8, Ref.9,. Also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of D- ribulose 1-phosphate, but FucA has a higher affinity for L-fuculose 1- phosphate and L-lactaldehyde than for D-ribulose 1-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, respectively. FucA possesses a high specificity for the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), but accepts a great variety of different aldehydes and has [...] (215 aa) |
| | ptrA | Protease III; Endopeptidase that degrades small peptides of less than 7 kDa, such as glucagon and insulin. (962 aa) |
