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thrB | Homoserine kinase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of L-homoserine to L-homoserine phosphate. Is also able to phosphorylate the hydroxy group on gamma-carbon of L-homoserine analogs when the functional group at the alpha-position is a carboxyl, an ester, or even a hydroxymethyl group. Neither L-threonine nor L-serine are substrates of the enzyme. (310 aa) | ||||
thrL | Thr operon leader peptide; This protein is involved in control of the biosynthesis of threonine. (21 aa) | ||||
thrA | Bifunctional: aspartokinase I (N-terminal); homoserine dehydrogenase I (C-terminal); Protein involved in threonine biosynthetic process, methionine biosynthetic process and homoserine biosynthetic process. (820 aa) | ||||
thrC | L-threonine synthase; Catalyzes the gamma-elimination of phosphate from L- phosphohomoserine and the beta-addition of water to produce L- threonine. To a lesser extent, is able to slowly catalyze the deamination of L-threonine into alpha-ketobutyrate and that of L-serine and 3-chloroalanine into pyruvate. Is also able to rapidly convert vinylglycine to threonine, which proves that the pyridoxal p-quinonoid of vinylglycine is an intermediate in the TS reaction. (428 aa) | ||||
lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) | ||||
rhtA | Threonine and homoserine efflux system; Involved in the efflux of threonine and homoserine. Can also export other amino acids such as proline, serine, histidine and cysteine; Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. 10 TMS drug/metabolite exporter (DME) (TC 2.A.7.3) family. (295 aa) | ||||
poxB | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-binding; Pyruvate oxidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and pyruvate catabolic process; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa) | ||||
ackA | Acetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa) | ||||
pta | Phosphate acetyltransferase; Involved in acetate metabolism. Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetyl phosphate. The direction of the overall reaction changes depending on growth conditions. On minimal medium acetyl-CoA is generated. In rich medium acetyl-CoA is converted to acetate and allowing the cell to dump the excess of acetylation potential in exchange for energy in the form of ATP. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. (714 aa) | ||||
lysA | Diaminopimelate decarboxylase, PLP-binding; Specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of meso- diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) to L-lysine. Is not active against the DD- or LL-isomers of diaminopimelate; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. LysA subfamily. (420 aa) | ||||
glcB | Malate synthase G; Involved in the glycolate utilization. Catalyzes the condensation and subsequent hydrolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl- CoA) and glyoxylate to form malate and CoA. (723 aa) | ||||
tdcC | L-threonine/L-serine transporter; Involved in the import of threonine and serine into the cell, with the concomitant import of a proton (symport system). Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. SdaC/TdcC subfamily. (443 aa) | ||||
lldD | L-lactate dehydrogenase, FMN-linked; Catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate. Seems to be a primary dehydrogenase in the respiratory chain. To a lesser extent, can also oxidize DL-alpha-hydroxybutyrate, but not D-lactate. (396 aa) | ||||
tdh | L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of L-threonine to 2- amino-3-ketobutyrate. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the oxidation of D-allo-threonine and L-threonine amide, but not that of D-threonine and L-allothreonine. Cannot utilize NADP(+) instead of NAD(+). Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (341 aa) | ||||
ilvA | L-threonine dehydratase, biosynthetic; Catalyzes the anaerobic formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from threonine in a two-step reaction. The first step involved a dehydration of threonine and a production of enamine intermediates (aminocrotonate), which tautomerizes to its imine form (iminobutyrate). Both intermediates are unstable and short-lived. The second step is the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the enamine/imine intermediates to form 2- ketobutyrate and free ammonia. In the low water environment of the cell, the second step is accelerated by RidA. (514 aa) | ||||
rhtC | Threonine efflux pump; Conducts the efflux of threonine. Belongs to the Rht family. (206 aa) | ||||
rhtB | Homoserine, homoserine lactone and S-methyl-methionine efflux pump; Conducts the efflux of homoserine and homoserine lactone. Belongs to the Rht family. (206 aa) | ||||
metL | Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2; Aspartokinase II and homoserine dehydrogenase II; Protein involved in methionine biosynthetic process and homoserine biosynthetic process. (810 aa) | ||||
ppc | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (883 aa) | ||||
aceB | Malate synthase A; Protein involved in glyoxylate cycle. (533 aa) | ||||
aceA | Isocitrate lyase; Involved in the metabolic adaptation in response to environmental changes. Catalyzes the reversible formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key step of the glyoxylate cycle, which operates as an anaplerotic route for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle during growth on fatty acid substrates. (434 aa) | ||||
iclR | Transcriptional repressor; Regulation of the glyoxylate bypass operon (aceBAK), which encodes isocitrate lyase, malate synthase as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphorylase. Glyoxylate disrupts the interaction with the promoter by favoring the inactive dimeric form. Pyruvate enhances promoter binding by stabilizing the tetrameric form. (274 aa) | ||||
lysC | Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process. (449 aa) | ||||
acs | acetyl-CoA synthetase; Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acs undergoes a two-step reaction. In the first half reaction, Acs combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA. (652 aa) |