F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, alpha subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit.

Protease, ATP-dependent zinc-metallo; Acts as a processive, ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins. Degrades a few membrane proteins that have not been assembled into complexes such as SecY, F(0) ATPase subunit a and YccA, and also cytoplasmic proteins sigma-32, LpxC, KdtA and phage lambda cII protein among others. Degrades membrane proteins in a processive manner starting at either the N- or C-terminus; recognition requires a cytoplasmic tail of about 20 residues with no apparent [...]

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, alpha subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit.

Glucosephosphate isomerase; Protein involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the GPI family.

Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Glucokinase; Not highly important in E.coli as glucose is transported into the cell by the PTS system already as glucose 6-phosphate.

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Glucosephosphate isomerase; Protein involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the GPI family.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Glucokinase; Not highly important in E.coli as glucose is transported into the cell by the PTS system already as glucose 6-phosphate.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Integration host factor (IHF), DNA-binding protein, alpha subunit; One of the 2 subunits of integration host factor (IHF), a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally inactive, AT-rich DNA sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Has an essential role in conjugative DNA transfer (CDT), the unidirectional transfer of ssDNA plasmid from a donor to a recipient cell. It is the central mechanism [...]

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Mannose-specific enzyme IID component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II ManXYZ PTS system is involved in mannose transport. Also functions as a receptor for bacterial chemotaxis and is required for infection of the cell by bacteriophage lambda where it most likely functions as a pore for penetration of lambda DNA.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Glucosephosphate isomerase; Protein involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the GPI family.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Transaldolase B; Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway.

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator.

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...]

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

Outer membrane porin protein C; Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family.

Replicative DNA helicase; Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins.

Chaperone Hsp40, DnaK co-chaperone; Interacts with DnaK and GrpE to disassemble a protein complex at the origins of replication of phage lambda and several plasmids. Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK t [...]

Replicative DNA helicase; Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins.

Transcription antitermination protein; Involved in transcription antitermination. Required for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Binds specifically to the boxA antiterminator sequence of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons. The affinity of NusB for the boxA RNA sequence is significantly increased in the presence of the ribosomal protein S10. NusB may serve as a loading factor that ensures efficient entry of S10 into the transcription complexes. It also modulates the rrn boxA-mediated transcription elongation rates.