RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

Global sRNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Involved in the regulation of stress responses mediated by the sigma factors RpoS, sigma-E and sigma-32. Binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Binds sRNA antitoxin RalA. In vitro, stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. Required for RNA phage Qbeta replication. Seems to play a role in persister cell formation; upon overexpression decreases pers [...]

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

Outer membrane protein A (3a;II*;G;d); With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm (Probable). Plays a role in resistance to environmental stress, and a role in outer membrane functionality and cell shape. Non-covalently binds peptidoglycan (Probable). Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes. A very abundant protein, there can be up to 210,000 OmpA molecules per cell. Reconstitution in unilamellar lipid vesicles shows only about 3% of the protein is in an open conformation, whic [...]

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in RNA degradation. Has RNA- dependent ATPase activity and unwinds double-stranded RNA. Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. RhlB subfamily.

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...]

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

Exoribonuclease R, RNase R; 3'-5' exoribonuclease that releases 5'-nucleoside monophosphates and is involved in maturation of structured RNAs (rRNAs, tRNAs and SsrA/tmRNA). In stationary phase, involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of ompA mRNA stability. Shortens RNA processively to di- and trinucleotides. In vitro, exhibits helicase activity, which is independent of its RNase activity. RNases 2 and R (rnb and this entry) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (this entry and pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA duri [...]

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L25; This is one of the proteins that binds to the 5S RNA in the ribosome where it forms part of the central protuberance. Binds to the 5S rRNA independently of L5 and L18. Not required for binding of the 5S rRNA/L5/L18 subcomplex to 23S rRNA.

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S15; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it helps nucleate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit by binding and bridging several RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Binds to its own mRNA, stabilizing it 5-UTR and preventing its translation.

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S20; Binds directly to 16S ribosomal RNA.

Cold shock protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to temperature stimulus.

Global sRNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Involved in the regulation of stress responses mediated by the sigma factors RpoS, sigma-E and sigma-32. Binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Binds sRNA antitoxin RalA. In vitro, stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. Required for RNA phage Qbeta replication. Seems to play a role in persister cell formation; upon overexpression decreases pers [...]

Cold shock protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to temperature stimulus.

Ribonuclease II; Involved in mRNA degradation. Hydrolyzes single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3' to 5' direction. RNases 2 and R (rnr) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth. This RNase is required to decrease expression of RNase PH (rnp) at 42 degrees Celsius during starvation, which in turn represses rRNA degradation. Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family. RNase II subfamily.

Cold shock protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to temperature stimulus.

Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...]

Cold shock protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to temperature stimulus.

Exoribonuclease R, RNase R; 3'-5' exoribonuclease that releases 5'-nucleoside monophosphates and is involved in maturation of structured RNAs (rRNAs, tRNAs and SsrA/tmRNA). In stationary phase, involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of ompA mRNA stability. Shortens RNA processively to di- and trinucleotides. In vitro, exhibits helicase activity, which is independent of its RNase activity. RNases 2 and R (rnb and this entry) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (this entry and pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA duri [...]

Cold shock protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to temperature stimulus.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S15; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it helps nucleate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit by binding and bridging several RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Binds to its own mRNA, stabilizing it 5-UTR and preventing its translation.

L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the first step in hexosamine metabolism, converting fructose-6P into glucosamine-6P using glutamine as a nitrogen source.

Global sRNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Involved in the regulation of stress responses mediated by the sigma factors RpoS, sigma-E and sigma-32. Binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Binds sRNA antitoxin RalA. In vitro, stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. Required for RNA phage Qbeta replication. Seems to play a role in persister cell formation; upon overexpression decreases pers [...]

L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the first step in hexosamine metabolism, converting fructose-6P into glucosamine-6P using glutamine as a nitrogen source.

poly(A) polymerase; Adds poly(A) tail to the 3' end of many RNAs, which usually targets these RNAs for decay. Plays a significant role in the global control of gene expression, through influencing the rate of transcript degradation, and in the general RNA quality control. Rho-independent transcription terminators may serve as polyadenylation signals. Seems to be involved in plasmid copy number control. Belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family.

L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the first step in hexosamine metabolism, converting fructose-6P into glucosamine-6P using glutamine as a nitrogen source.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the first step in hexosamine metabolism, converting fructose-6P into glucosamine-6P using glutamine as a nitrogen source.

Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...]

L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the first step in hexosamine metabolism, converting fructose-6P into glucosamine-6P using glutamine as a nitrogen source.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S15; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it helps nucleate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit by binding and bridging several RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Binds to its own mRNA, stabilizing it 5-UTR and preventing its translation.

Global sRNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Involved in the regulation of stress responses mediated by the sigma factors RpoS, sigma-E and sigma-32. Binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Binds sRNA antitoxin RalA. In vitro, stimulates synthesis of long tails by poly(A) polymerase I. Required for RNA phage Qbeta replication. Seems to play a role in persister cell formation; upon overexpression decreases pers [...]

RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'.