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hyfG | Hydrogenase 4, subunit; Possible component of hydrogenase 4. (555 aa) | ||||
focB | Putative formate transporter; Involved in the bidirectional transport of formate. Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (282 aa) | ||||
fdx | [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins. (111 aa) | ||||
hscA | DnaK-like molecular chaperone specific for IscU; Chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster- containing proteins. Has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB. Involved in the maturation of IscU; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (616 aa) | ||||
hscB | HscA co-chaperone, J domain-containing protein Hsc56; Co-chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. Seems to help targeting proteins to be folded toward HscA; Belongs to the HscB family. (171 aa) | ||||
iscU | Iron-sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein; A scaffold on which IscS assembles Fe-S clusters. Exists as 2 interconverting forms, a structured (S) and disordered (D) form. The D- state is the preferred substrate for IscS. Converts to the S-state when an Fe-S cluster is assembled, which helps it dissociate from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to an acceptor. It is likely that Fe-S cluster coordination is flexible as the role of this complex is to build and then hand off Fe-S clusters; Belongs to the NifU family. (128 aa) | ||||
iscS | Cysteine desulfurase (tRNA sulfurtransferase), PLP-dependent; Master enzyme that delivers sulfur to a number of partners involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, tRNA modification or cofactor biosynthesis. Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for Fe-S cluster synthesis onto IscU, an Fe-S scaffold assembly protein, as well as other S acceptor proteins. Preferentially binds to disordered IscU on which the Fe-S is assembled, IscU converts to the structured state and then dissociates from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to a [...] (404 aa) | ||||
iscR | Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA. (162 aa) | ||||
hypF | Carbamoyl phosphate phosphatase and [NiFe] hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Along with HypE, it catalyzes the synthesis of the CN ligands of the active site iron of [NiFe]-hydrogenases. HypF functions as a carbamoyl transferase using carbamoylphosphate as a substrate and transferring the carboxamido moiety in an ATP-dependent reaction to the thiolate of the C-terminal cysteine of HypE yielding a protein-S-carboxamide. In the absence of any other substrate, displays carbamoyl-phosphate phosphatase activity. (750 aa) | ||||
hydN | Formate dehydrogenase-H, [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin subunit; Electron transport from formate to hydrogen. (175 aa) | ||||
hycI | Protease involved in processing C-terminal end of HycE; Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of HycE, the large subunit of hydrogenase 3; Belongs to the peptidase A31 family. (156 aa) | ||||
hycE | Large subunit of hydrogenase 3 (part of FHL complex); Protein involved in fermentation and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family. (569 aa) | ||||
hycA | Regulator of the transcriptional regulator FhlA; Regulatory protein for the formate hydrogenlyase system. Could act by directly interacting with FhlA or by preventing the binding of FhlA to the upstream activatory sequence. Also down-regulates expression of the hyf operon. (153 aa) | ||||
hypB | GTP hydrolase involved in nickel liganding into hydrogenases; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Required for nickel insertion into the metal center of the hydrogenase. Exhibits a low intrinsic GTPase activity, which is essential for nickel insertion. In the presence of GDP, nickel, but not zinc, is transferred from the HypB GTPase domain (G-domain) to HypA. Belongs to the SIMIBI class G3E GTPase family. HypB/HupM subfamily. (290 aa) | ||||
hypD | Hydrogenase maturation protein; Involved in the maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenases. Involved in the biosynthesis of the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor. HypD may act as a scaffold on which the Fe(CN)(2)CO cofactor is formed. In complex with HypC, accepts the cyanide ligand generated by HypF and HypE, and also coordinates the carbon monoxide ligand. Required for the formation of all three hydrogenase isoenzymes (Probable). (373 aa) | ||||
fhlA | Formate hydrogenlyase transcriptional activator; Required for induction of expression of the formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase-3 structural genes. Also activates expression of hyf operon (encodes the silent hydrogenase-4 gene cluster). (692 aa) | ||||
hybC | Hydrogenase 2, large subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase large subunit family. (567 aa) | ||||
tdcE | Pyruvate formate-lyase 4/2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase; Catalyzes the cleavage of 2-ketobutyrate to propionyl-CoA and formate. It can also use pyruvate as substrate. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. PFL subfamily. (764 aa) | ||||
slyD | FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase); Folding helper with both chaperone and peptidyl-prolyl cis- trans isomerase (PPIase) activities. Chaperone activity prevents aggregation of unfolded or partially folded proteins and promotes their correct folding. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of Xaa- Pro bonds of peptides, which accelerates slow steps of protein folding and thus shortens the lifetime of intermediates. Both strategies lower the concentration of intermediates and increase the productivity and yield of the folding reaction. SlyD could be involved in [...] (196 aa) | ||||
ppc | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (883 aa) | ||||
zraR | Transcriptional regulatory protein ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. When activated by ZraS it acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to regulate the expression of zraP. Positively autoregulates the expression of the zraSR operon. (441 aa) | ||||
fdhF | Formate dehydrogenase-H, selenopolypeptide subunit; Decomposes formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors. (715 aa) | ||||
frdC | Fumarate reductase (anaerobic), membrane anchor subunit; Seems to be involved in the anchoring of the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. (131 aa) | ||||
fdoG | Formate dehydrogenase-O, large subunit; Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. Subunit alpha possibly forms the active site; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1016 aa) | ||||
aceE | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylase component E1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). (887 aa) | ||||
lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) | ||||
mak | Manno(fructo)kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose-6-P. Has also low level glucokinase activity in vitro. Is not able to phosphorylate D-ribose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, inositol, and L- threonine. (302 aa) | ||||
poxB | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-binding; Pyruvate oxidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and pyruvate catabolic process; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa) | ||||
pflB | Formate acetyltransferase 1; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and cellular amino acid catabolic process. (760 aa) | ||||
focA | Formate channel; Involved in the bidirectional transport of formate; Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (285 aa) | ||||
hyaA | Hydrogenase 1, small subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase small subunit family. (372 aa) | ||||
hyaB | Hydrogenase 1, large subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase large subunit family. (597 aa) | ||||
narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) | ||||
narG | Nitrate reductase 1, alpha subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction. (1247 aa) | ||||
pfo | Pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase; Oxidoreductase required for the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to flavodoxin. (1174 aa) | ||||
ldhA | Fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Fermentative lactate dehydrogenase; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (329 aa) | ||||
yfaE | Uncharacterized ferredoxin-like protein YfaE; Ferredoxin involved with ribonucleotide reductase diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y*) cofactor maintenance. (84 aa) | ||||
nuoF | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain F; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (445 aa) | ||||
nuoE | NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain E; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (166 aa) |