cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...]

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...]

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...]

Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins.

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...]

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, cytochrome; Catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, consuming six electrons in the process. Has very low activity toward hydroxylamine. Has even lower activity toward sulfite. Sulfite reductase activity is maximal at neutral pH (By similarity).

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...]

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Adenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate.

Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family.

Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex.

Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family.

Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, cytochrome; Catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, consuming six electrons in the process. Has very low activity toward hydroxylamine. Has even lower activity toward sulfite. Sulfite reductase activity is maximal at neutral pH (By similarity).

Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex.

Nitrate reductase, small, cytochrome C550 subunit, periplasmic; Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor; Belongs to the NapB family.

Quinol dehydrogenase, electron source for NapAB; Mediates electron flow from quinones to the NapAB complex.

Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent, cytochrome; Catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, consuming six electrons in the process. Has very low activity toward hydroxylamine. Has even lower activity toward sulfite. Sulfite reductase activity is maximal at neutral pH (By similarity).