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| | tnaA | tryptophanase/L-cysteine desulfhydrase, PLP-dependent; Tryptophanase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process; Belongs to the beta-eliminating lyase family. (471 aa) |
| | metE | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate- homocysteine S-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation. (753 aa) |
| | argC | N-acetyl-gamma-glutamylphosphate reductase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of N-acetyl-5- glutamyl phosphate to yield N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. Belongs to the NAGSA dehydrogenase family. Type 1 subfamily. (334 aa) |
| | malF | Maltose transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (514 aa) |
| | malE | Maltose transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Binds maltose and higher maltodextrins such as maltotriose. Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family. (396 aa) |
| | malK | Maltose ABC transportor ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Maltooligosaccharide importer (TC 3.A.1.1.1) family. (371 aa) |
| | lamB | Maltose outer membrane porin (maltoporin); Involved in the transport of maltose and maltodextrins, indispensable for translocation of dextrins containing more than three glucosyl moieties. A hydrophobic path ('greasy slide') of aromatic residues serves to guide and select the sugars for transport through the channel. Also acts as a receptor for several bacteriophages including lambda. (446 aa) |
| | aspA | Aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase); Protein involved in cellular amino acid metabolic process, asparagine biosynthetic process and lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate. (478 aa) |
| | pyrB | Aspartate carbamoyltransferase, catalytic subunit; Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. ATCase family. (311 aa) |
| | argI | Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 1; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline, which is a substrate for argininosuccinate synthetase, the enzyme involved in the final step in arginine biosynthesis. (334 aa) |
| | fecE | Fe(3+) dicitrate transport ATP-binding protein FecE; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for citrate-dependent Fe(3+). Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (255 aa) |
| | fecB | Ferric citrate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Binds citrate-dependent Fe(3+); part of the binding-protein- dependent transport system for uptake of citrate-dependent Fe(3+). (300 aa) |
| | fecA | TonB-dependent outer membrane ferric citrate transporter and signal transducer; FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. (774 aa) |
| | fecR | Anti-sigma transmembrane signal transducer for ferric citrate transport; Regulation of iron dicitrate transport. In the absence of citrate FecR inactivates fecI. FecR is probably a sensor that recognizes iron dicitrate in the periplasm. (317 aa) |
| | fecI | RNA polymerase sigma-19 factor, fec operon-specific; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor regulates the fec genes for iron dicitrate transport (Probable); Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (173 aa) |
| | serB | 3-phosphoserine phosphatase; Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoserine (P-Ser). Also catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphothreonine (P-Thr). Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family. (322 aa) |
| | tnaB | Tryptophan transporter of low affinity; Involved in tryptophan transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Plays a role in transporting tryptophan which is to be used catabolically. (415 aa) |
| | guaC | GMP reductase; Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. GuaC type 1 subfamily. (347 aa) |
| | pyrH | Uridylate kinase; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of UMP to UDP, with ATP as the most efficient phosphate donor. (241 aa) |
| | gpt | Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; Acts on guanine, xanthine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine. (152 aa) |
| | argF | Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2, chain F; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline, which is a substrate for argininosuccinate synthetase, the enzyme involved in the final step in arginine biosynthesis. (334 aa) |
| | aroL | Shikimate kinase II; Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid using ATP as a cosubstrate. Belongs to the shikimate kinase family. AroL subfamily. (174 aa) |
| | tsx | Nucleoside channel, receptor of phage T6 and colicin K; Functions as substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxynucleosides. Has a greater affinity for deoxynucleosides than for nucleosides, and does not transport free bases. In addition, constitutes the receptor for colicin K and phage T6. Belongs to the nucleoside-specific channel-forming outer membrane porin (Tsx) (TC 1.B.10) family. (294 aa) |
| | glsA | Putative glutaminase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (310 aa) |
| | ompT | DLP12 prophage; Protease that can cleave T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), antimicrobial peptide protamine and other proteins. This protease has a specificity for paired basic residues. (317 aa) |
| | rihA | Ribonucleoside hydrolase 1; Hydrolyzes with equal efficiency cytidine or uridine to ribose and cytosine or uracil, respectively. (311 aa) |
| | speF | Ornithine decarboxylase isozyme, inducible; Protein involved in polyamine biosynthetic process; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-I family. (732 aa) |
| | aroG | 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, phenylalanine repressible; Stereospecific condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) giving rise to 3-deoxy-D-arabino- heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP); Belongs to the class-I DAHP synthase family. (350 aa) |
| | artJ | Arginine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex ArtPIQMJ involved in arginine transport. Binds L-arginine with high affinity. (243 aa) |
| | artI | Arginine transporter subunit; Part of the ABC transporter complex ArtPIQMJ involved in arginine transport. (243 aa) |
| | serC | 3-phosphoserine/phosphohydroxythreonine aminotransferase; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3- phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4- phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine. Is involved in both pyridoxine and serine biosynthesis; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily. (362 aa) |
| | aroA | 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthetase; Catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the 5-hydroxyl of shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) to produce enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. (427 aa) |
| | ompF | Outer membrane porin 1a (Ia;b;F); Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (362 aa) |
| | pyrD | Dihydro-orotate oxidase, FMN-linked; Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor. (336 aa) |
| | ompA | Outer membrane protein A (3a;II*;G;d); With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm (Probable). Plays a role in resistance to environmental stress, and a role in outer membrane functionality and cell shape. Non-covalently binds peptidoglycan (Probable). Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes. A very abundant protein, there can be up to 210,000 OmpA molecules per cell. Reconstitution in unilamellar lipid vesicles shows only about 3% of the protein is in an open conformation, whic [...] (346 aa) |
| | putA | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (1320 aa) |
| | pyrC | Dihydro-orotase; Catalyzes the reversible cyclization of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily. (348 aa) |
| | oppB | Oligopeptide ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily. (306 aa) |
| | yciE | Putative rubrerythrin/ferritin-like metal-binding protein. (168 aa) |
| | pyrF | Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). (245 aa) |
| | narY | Nitrate reductase 2 (NRZ), beta subunit; This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit. (514 aa) |
| | narZ | Nitrate reductase 2 (NRZ), alpha subunit; This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (1246 aa) |
| | narU | Nitrate/nitrite transporter; Catalyzes nitrate uptake, nitrite uptake and nitrite export across the cytoplasmic membrane. May function as a nitrate/H(+) and nitrite/H(+) channel. Could confer a selective advantage during severe nutrient starvation or slow growth. (462 aa) |
| | gadC | Glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter; Involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Imports glutamate inside the cell while simultaneously exporting to the periplasm the GABA produced by GadA and GadB. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Glutamate:GABA [...] (511 aa) |
| | gadB | Glutamate decarboxylase B, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (466 aa) |
| | ydhI | DUF1656 family putative inner membrane efflux pump associated protein. (78 aa) |
| | pykF | Pyruvate kinase I (formerly F), fructose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (470 aa) |
| | aroD | 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase; Involved in the third step of the chorismate pathway, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AroAA). Catalyzes the cis-dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate (DHQ) and introduces the first double bond of the aromatic ring to yield 3-dehydroshikimate. The reaction involves the formation of an imine intermediate between the keto group of 3-dehydroquinate and the epsylon-amino group of a lys-170 at the active site. (252 aa) |
| | ppsA | Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. (792 aa) |
| | aroH | 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, tryptophan repressible; Stereospecific condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) giving rise to 3-deoxy-D-arabino- heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP). (348 aa) |
| | katE | Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. (753 aa) |
| | astC | Succinylornithine transaminase, PLP-dependent; Catalyzes the transamination of N(2)-succinylornithine and alpha-ketoglutarate into N(2)-succinylglutamate semialdehyde and glutamate. Can also act as an acetylornithine aminotransferase. Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. AstC subfamily. (406 aa) |
| | gdhA | Glutamate dehydrogenase, NADP-specific; Catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (447 aa) |
| | pykA | Pyruvate kinase II, glucose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (480 aa) |
| | glf | UDP-galactopyranose mutase, FAD/NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the interconversion through a 2-keto intermediate of uridine diphosphogalactopyranose (UDP-GalP) into uridine diphosphogalactofuranose (UDP-GalF); Belongs to the UDP-galactopyranose/dTDP-fucopyranose mutase family. (367 aa) |
| | cirA | Colicin IA outer membrane receptor and translocator; Not yet known. Postulated to participate in iron transport. Outer membrane receptor for colicins IA and IB. (663 aa) |
| | ompC | Outer membrane porin protein C; Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (367 aa) |
| | nrdA | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1, alpha subunit; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R1 contains the binding sites for both substrates and allosteric effectors and carries out the actual reduction of the ribonucleotide. It also provides redox-active cysteines. (761 aa) |
| | yfaE | Uncharacterized ferredoxin-like protein YfaE; Ferredoxin involved with ribonucleotide reductase diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y*) cofactor maintenance. (84 aa) |
| | glpT | Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transporter; Responsible for glycerol-3-phosphate uptake. (452 aa) |
| | hisP | Histidine ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). (257 aa) |
| | hisM | Histidine ABC transporter permease; Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Required to relay the ATPase-inducing signal from the solute-binding protein to HisP (By similarity). (238 aa) |
| | aroC | Chorismate synthase; Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system. It uses NADPH to reduce FMN. (361 aa) |
| | glk | Glucokinase; Not highly important in E.coli as glucose is transported into the cell by the PTS system already as glucose 6-phosphate. (321 aa) |
| | cysK | Cysteine synthase A, O-acetylserine sulfhydrolase A subunit; (Microbial infection) In addition to its role in cysteine synthesis, stimulates the tRNase activity of CdiA-CT from E.coli strain 536 / UPEC; stimulation does not require O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activity. CdiA is the toxic component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. CDI modules allow bacteria to communicate with and inhibit the growth of closely related neighboring bacteria in a contact-dependent fashion (experiments done in strains BW25113 [...] (323 aa) |
| | upp | Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phospho-alpha-D- ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) to UMP and diphosphate. (208 aa) |
| | ndk | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. (143 aa) |
| | glyA | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase; Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. This reaction serves as the major source of one-carbon groups required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other important biomolecules. Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta-hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism. Thus, is able to catalyze the cleavage of allothreonine and 3-phenylserine. Also catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-m [...] (417 aa) |
| | aroF | 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, tyrosine-repressible; Stereospecific condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) giving rise to 3-deoxy-D-arabino- heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP); Belongs to the class-I DAHP synthase family. (356 aa) |
| | rpoS | RNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa) |
| | cysC | Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase; Catalyzes the synthesis of activated sulfate. (201 aa) |
| | cysD | ATP:sulfurylase (ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase), subunit 2; Protein involved in sulfur metabolic process; Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysD subfamily. (302 aa) |
| | cysH | Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase; Reduction of activated sulfate into sulfite. (244 aa) |
| | cysJ | Sulfite reductase, alpha subunit, flavoprotein; Component of the sulfite reductase complex that catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. This is one of several activities required for the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from sulfate. The flavoprotein component catalyzes the electron flow from NADPH -> FAD -> FMN to the hemoprotein component; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family. (599 aa) |
| | pyrG | CTP synthetase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Regulates intracellular CTP levels through interactions with the four ribonucleotide triphosphates. (545 aa) |
| | sdaB | L-serine dehydratase 2; Deaminates also threonine, particularly when it is present in high concentration; Belongs to the iron-sulfur dependent L-serine dehydratase family. (455 aa) |
| | ygdI | DUF903 family verified lipoprotein. (75 aa) |
| | argA | Amino acid N-acetyltransferase and inactive acetylglutamate kinase; N-acetylglutamate synthase; amino acid acetyltransferase; Protein involved in arginine biosynthetic process; Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ArgA subfamily. (443 aa) |
| | serA | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of 3-phospho-D-glycerate to 3-phosphonooxypyruvate, the first step of the phosphorylated L- serine biosynthesis pathway. Also catalyzes the reversible oxidation of 2-hydroxyglutarate to 2-oxoglutarate. (410 aa) |
| | argP | HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgP; Controls the transcription of genes involved in arginine and lysine metabolism. Activates transcription of several genes, including argO, lysP, lysC, asd, dapB, dapD, lysA, gdhA and argK. Acts by binding directly to their promoter or control region. ArgP dimer by itself is able to bind the argO promoter-operator region to form a binary complex, but the formation of a ternary complex with RNA polymerase is greatly stimulated only in presence of a coeffector. Both arginine and lysine are coeffectors at the argO promoter, but only arginine is compe [...] (297 aa) |
| | tktA | Transketolase 1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate. Thus, catalyzes the reversible transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, producing xylulose-5-phosphate and ribose- 5-phosphate. (663 aa) |
| | speB | Agmatinase; Catalyzes the formation of putrescine from agmatine. (306 aa) |
| | galP | D-galactose transporter; Uptake of galactose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system); Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (464 aa) |
| | rpoD | RNA polymerase, sigma 70 (sigma D) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth. Preferentially transcribes genes associated with fast growth, such as ribosomal operons, other protein-synthesis related genes, rRNA- and tRNA-encoding genes and prfB. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (613 aa) |
| | aroE | Dehydroshikimate reductase, NAD(P)-binding; Involved in the biosynthesis of the chorismate, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Catalyzes the reversible NADPH linked reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate (DHSA) to yield shikimate (SA). It displays no activity in the presence of NAD. (272 aa) |
| | argD | Bifunctional acetylornithine aminotransferase and succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase; Involved in both the arginine and lysine biosynthetic pathways; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. ArgD subfamily. (406 aa) |
| | aroB | 3-dehydroquinate synthase; Catalyzes the conversion of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) to dehydroquinate (DHQ). (362 aa) |
| | aroK | Shikimate kinase I; Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid using ATP as a cosubstrate. Belongs to the shikimate kinase family. (173 aa) |
| | livK | Leucine transporter subunit; This protein is a component of the leucine-specific transport system, which is one of the two periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems of the high-affinity transport of the branched-chain amino acids in E.coli; Belongs to the leucine-binding protein family. (369 aa) |
| | slp | Outer membrane lipoprotein; The induction of Slp may help to stabilize the outer membrane during carbon starvation and stationary phase. (188 aa) |
| | dctR | Putative LuxR family repressor for dicarboxylate transport; May act as a transcriptional regulator of dctA. (176 aa) |
| | yhiD | Putative Mg(2+) transport ATPase, inner membrane protein; Could be involved in magnesium uptake. (215 aa) |
| | hdeB | Acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection, which is important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity at acidic pH by preventing the aggregation of many different periplasmic proteins. (108 aa) |
| | hdeA | Stress response protein acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity only at pH below 3 by suppressing non- specifically the aggregation of denaturated periplasmic proteins. Important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Also promotes the solubilization at neutral pH of proteins that had aggregated in their presence at acidic pHs. May cooperate with other periplasmic chaperones such as DegP and SurA. (110 aa) |
| | hdeD | Acid-resistance membrane protein. (190 aa) |
| | gadE | Gad regulon transcriptional activator; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci. (175 aa) |
| | gadW | Transcriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa) |
| | gadX | Acid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa) |
| | gadA | Glutamate decarboxylase A, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. (466 aa) |
| | dppF | Dipeptide/heme ABC transporter ATPas; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. (334 aa) |
| | dppB | Dipeptide/heme ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily. (339 aa) |
| | pyrE | Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a ribosyl phosphate group from 5- phosphoribose 1-diphosphate to orotate, leading to the formation of orotidine monophosphate (OMP); Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PyrE subfamily. (213 aa) |
| | tnaC | Tryptophanase leader peptide; Required for tryptophan-regulated expression of the tna operon. In the presence of free L-Trp release of this nascent peptide by release factor 2 is inhibited and the ribosome stalls with the last amino acid in the P site and a UGA stop codon in the A site. This prevent transcripiton termination factor Rho binding, and thus allows transcription and translation of TnaA and TnaB. (24 aa) |
