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glk | Glucokinase; Not highly important in E.coli as glucose is transported into the cell by the PTS system already as glucose 6-phosphate. (321 aa) | ||||
gnd | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (468 aa) | ||||
pykA | Pyruvate kinase II, glucose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (480 aa) | ||||
yebK | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of the hex regulon (zwf, eda, glp and gap). (289 aa) | ||||
zwf | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone; Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (491 aa) | ||||
edd | 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase; Catalyzes the dehydration of 6-phospho-D-gluconate to 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate. (603 aa) | ||||
eda | KHG/KDPG aldolase; Involved in the degradation of glucose via the Entner- Doudoroff pathway. Catalyzes the reversible, stereospecific retro-aldol cleavage of 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) to pyruvate and D- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. In the synthetic direction, it catalyzes the addition of pyruvate to electrophilic aldehydes with si-facial selectivity. It accepts some nucleophiles other than pyruvate, including 2-oxobutanoate, phenylpyruvate, and fluorobutanoate. It has a preference for the S-configuration at C2 of the electrophile. (213 aa) | ||||
kdgR | KDG regulon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional regulator of the kdgK gene for the kdg kinase and the kdgT gene for the kdg permease. (263 aa) | ||||
gapA | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A; Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG. (331 aa) | ||||
idnT | L-idonate and D-gluconate transporter; Transports L-idonate, D-gluconate and 5-keto-D-gluconate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane. (439 aa) | ||||
prs | Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the central metabolite phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) via the transfer of pyrophosphoryl group from ATP to 1-hydroxyl of ribose-5-phosphate (Rib- 5-P). (315 aa) | ||||
purB | Adenylosuccinate lyase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily. (456 aa) | ||||
phoP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoQ; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG (By similarity). Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol by activation of MgtA. Pro [...] (223 aa) | ||||
lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) | ||||
lacZ | beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (1024 aa) | ||||
cra | Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator. (334 aa) | ||||
purR | Transcriptional repressor, hypoxanthine-binding; Is the main repressor of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, regulating purB, purC, purEK, purF, purHD, purL, purMN and guaBA expression. In addition, it participates in the regulation or coregulation of genes involved in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage and uptake (pyrC, pyrD, carAB and codBA), and of several genes encoding enzymes necessary for nucleotide and polyamine biosynthesis (prsA, glyA, gcvTHP, speA, glnB). Binds to a 16-bp palindromic sequence located within the promoter region [...] (341 aa) | ||||
idnK | D-gluconate kinase, thermosensitive; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the gluconokinase GntK/GntV family. (187 aa) | ||||
gntU | Gluconate transporter, low affinity GNT 1 system; Part of the gluconate utilization system Gnt-I; low-affinity intake of gluconate; Belongs to the GntP permease family. (446 aa) | ||||
uxuR | Fructuronate-inducible hexuronate regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor for the uxuRBA operon. (257 aa) | ||||
pgi | Glucosephosphate isomerase; Protein involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the GPI family. (549 aa) | ||||
cytR | Anti-activator for CytR-CRP nucleoside utilization regulon; This protein negatively controls the transcription initiation of genes such as deoCABD, udp, and cdd encoding catabolizing enzymes and nupC, nupG, and tsx encoding transporting and pore-forming proteins. Binds cytidine and adenosine as effectors. (341 aa) | ||||
rbsR | Transcriptional repressor of ribose metabolism; Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon. (330 aa) | ||||
bglG | Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon. (278 aa) | ||||
gntR | D-gluconate inducible gluconate regulon transcriptional repressor; Negative regulator for the gluconate utilization system GNT- I, the gntUKR operon. (331 aa) | ||||
mdh | Malate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (312 aa) | ||||
ebgR | Transcriptional repressor; Repressor for beta galactosidase alpha and beta subunits (ebgA and ebgC). Binds lactose as an inducer. (327 aa) | ||||
epd | D-erythrose 4-phosphate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent conversion of D-erythrose 4- phosphate to 4-phosphoerythronate. (339 aa) | ||||
fbaA | Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II; Catalyzes the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in gluconeogenesis and the reverse reaction in glycolysis. (359 aa) | ||||
galR | Galactose-inducible d-galactose regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the galactose operon. Binds galactose as an inducer. (343 aa) | ||||
eno | Enolase; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis. It is also a component of the RNA degradosome, a multi-enzyme complex involved in RNA processing and messenger RNA degradation. Its interaction with RNase E is important for the turnover of mRNA, in particular on transcripts encoding enzymes of energy-generating metabolic routes. Its presence in the degradosome is required for the response to excess phosphosugar. May play a regulatory role in the degradation of specific RNAs, [...] (432 aa) | ||||
ascG | Asc operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the asc operon. The cryptic operon is activated by the insertion of IS186 into the ascG gene. (336 aa) | ||||
idnR | Transcriptional repressor, 5-gluconate-binding; Idn operon regulator. May repress gntKU and gntT genes when growing on L-idonate. (332 aa) |