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gadC gadC gadB gadB ydeO ydeO yehT yehT yehX yehX yehY yehY osmF osmF elaB elaB yfcG yfcG evgA evgA ypdB ypdB ygaM ygaM rpoS rpoS rpoA rpoA yhiM yhiM slp slp dctR dctR yhiD yhiD hdeD hdeD gadE gadE mdtE mdtE mdtF mdtF gadW gadW gadX gadX gadA gadA cpxR cpxR yiiR yiiR yiiS yiiS uspD uspD cadC cadC aidB aidB blc blc nhaA nhaA nhaR nhaR araC araC lacZ lacZ appY appY pagP pagP ycaC ycaC yccA yccA hyaA hyaA hyaB hyaB hyaC hyaC hyaD hyaD hyaE hyaE hyaF hyaF cbdA cbdA cbdB cbdB appA appA
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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gadCGlutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter; Involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Imports glutamate inside the cell while simultaneously exporting to the periplasm the GABA produced by GadA and GadB. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Glutamate:GABA [...] (511 aa)
gadBGlutamate decarboxylase B, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (466 aa)
ydeOUV-inducible global regulator, EvgA-, GadE-dependent; Induces the expression of gadE and mdtEF. Could also regulate the expression of other genes involved in acid resistance. (253 aa)
yehTPutative response regulator in two-component system withYehU; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsR regulates expression of btsT by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses YpdA/YpdB-mediated yhjX induction. (239 aa)
yehXPutative ABC transporter ATPase; Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in low-affinity glycine betaine uptake. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (308 aa)
yehYPutative ABC transporter permease; Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in low-affinity glycine betaine uptake. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (385 aa)
osmFPutative ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in low-affinity glycine betaine uptake. Binds glycine betaine with low affinity. Belongs to the OsmX family. (305 aa)
elaBPutative membrane-anchored DUF883 family ribosome-binding protein; Belongs to the ElaB/YgaM/YqjD family. (101 aa)
yfcGGSH-dependent disulfide bond oxidoreductase; Exhibits a very robust glutathione (GSH)-dependent disulfide- bond reductase activity toward the model substrate, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide; the actual physiological substrates are not known. Has also a low GSH-dependent hydroperoxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide, but does not reduce H(2)O(2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzyl peroxide, or lauroyl peroxide. Exhibits little or no GSH transferase activity with most typical electrophilic substrates, and has no detectable transferase activity using glutathionylspermidine (GspSH) as the n [...] (215 aa)
evgAResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with EvgS; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Regulates the expression of emrKY operon and yfdX. Seems also to control expression of at least one other multidrug efflux operon. (204 aa)
ypdBResponse regulator activating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdB regulates expression of yhjX by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (244 aa)
ygaMPutative membrane-anchored DUF883 family ribosome-binding protein. (109 aa)
rpoSRNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa)
rpoARNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme. (329 aa)
yhiMInner membrane protein YhiM; Pseudogene, DUF4049 family protein. (350 aa)
slpOuter membrane lipoprotein; The induction of Slp may help to stabilize the outer membrane during carbon starvation and stationary phase. (188 aa)
dctRPutative LuxR family repressor for dicarboxylate transport; May act as a transcriptional regulator of dctA. (176 aa)
yhiDPutative Mg(2+) transport ATPase, inner membrane protein; Could be involved in magnesium uptake. (215 aa)
hdeDAcid-resistance membrane protein. (190 aa)
gadEGad regulon transcriptional activator; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci. (175 aa)
mdtEAnaerobic multidrug efflux transporter, ArcA-regulated; Part of the tripartite efflux system MdtEF-TolC, which confers resistance to compounds such as rhodamine 6G, erythromycin, doxorubicin, ethidium bromide, TPP, SDS, deoxycholate, crystal violet and benzalkonium; Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family. (385 aa)
mdtFAnaerobic multidrug efflux transporter, ArcA-regulated; Part of the tripartite efflux system MdtEF-TolC, which confers resistance to compounds such as rhodamine 6G, erythromycin, doxorubicin, ethidium bromide, TPP, SDS, deoxycholate, crystal violet and benzalkonium; Belongs to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) (TC 2.A.6) family. (1037 aa)
gadWTranscriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa)
gadXAcid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa)
gadAGlutamate decarboxylase A, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. (466 aa)
cpxRResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa)
yiiRDUF805 family putative inner membrane protein. (146 aa)
yiiSUPF0381 family protein; Belongs to the UPF0381 family. (99 aa)
uspDStress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (142 aa)
cadCcadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa)
aidBDNA alkylation damage repair protein; Part of the adaptive DNA-repair response to alkylating agents. Could prevent alkylation damage by protecting DNA and destroying alkylating agents that have yet to reach their DNA target. Binds to double-stranded DNA with a preference for a DNA region that includes its own promoter. Shows weak isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in vitro. (541 aa)
blcOuter membrane lipoprotein cell division and growth lipocalin; Involved in the storage or transport of lipids necessary for membrane maintenance under stressful conditions. Displays a binding preference for lysophospholipids; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (177 aa)
nhaASodium-proton antiporter; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes sodium in exchange for external protons. Catalyzes the exchange of 2 H(+) per Na(+). Can mediate sodium uptake when a transmembrane pH gradient is applied. Active at alkaline pH. Activity is strongly down-regulated below pH 6.5; Belongs to the NhaA Na(+)/H(+) (TC 2.A.33) antiporter family. (388 aa)
nhaRTranscriptional activator of nhaA; Plays a role in the positive regulation of NhaA. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (301 aa)
araCAra regulon transcriptional activator; Transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes involved in the transport and metabolism of L-arabinose. Functions both as a positive and a negative regulator. In the presence of arabinose, activates the expression of the araBAD, araE, araFGH and araJ promoters. In the absence of arabinose, negatively regulates the araBAD operon. Represses its own transcription. Acts by binding directly to DNA. (292 aa)
lacZbeta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (1024 aa)
appYHTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa)
pagPPhospholipid:lipid A palmitoyltransferase; Transfers a palmitate residue from the sn-1 position of a phospholipid to the N-linked hydroxymyristate on the proximal unit of lipid A or its precursors. Phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidic acid (Ptd-OH) are all effective acyl donors. (186 aa)
ycaCPutative isochorismatase family hydrolase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (208 aa)
yccAModulator of FtsH protease, inner membrane protein; Negatively modulates the activity of the FtsH protease for membrane substrates. Overexpression or stabilizing YccA counteracts the FtsH-mediated degradation of SecY when the SecYEG preprotein translocator is jammed; Belongs to the BI1 family. (219 aa)
hyaAHydrogenase 1, small subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase small subunit family. (372 aa)
hyaBHydrogenase 1, large subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase large subunit family. (597 aa)
hyaCHydrogenase 1, b-type cytochrome subunit; Probable b-type cytochrome; Belongs to the HupC/HyaC/HydC family. (235 aa)
hyaDHydrogenase 1 maturation protease; Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of HyaB, the large subunit of hydrogenase 1; Belongs to the peptidase A31 family. (195 aa)
hyaEPutative HyaA chaperone; Not known. Could form, along with HyaD, a complex involved in the processing of the hydrogenase 1 structural operon. (132 aa)
hyaFHydrogenase-1 protein nickel incorporation factor; Not known. Could enhance the incorporation of nickel to the hydrogenase. (285 aa)
cbdACytochrome bd-II oxidase, subunit I; A terminal oxidase that catalyzes quinol-dependent, Na(+)- independent oxygen uptake. Prefers menadiol over other quinols although ubiquinol was not tested. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (514 aa)
cbdBCytochrome bd-II oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that catalyzes quinol-dependent, Na(+)- independent oxygen uptake. Prefers menadiol over other quinols although ubiquinol was not tested. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. (378 aa)
appAPhosphoanhydride phosphorylase; pH 2.5 acid phosphatase; periplasmic; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process and response to starvation. (432 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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