ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...]

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...]

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), beta subunit; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alte [...]

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Gap repair protein; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP.

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Recombination and repair protein; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA; Belongs to the RecN family.

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Component of RuvABC resolvasome, regulatory subunit; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. Binds both single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Binds preferentially to supercoiled rather than to relaxed dsDNA.

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable).

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...]

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

RNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management.

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

PcnB-degradosome interaction factor; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. In stationary phase, could also act as an anti-sigma factor and reduce the ability of RpoS to activate gene expression. Is also involved in the regulation of the mRNA polyadenylation pathway during stationary phase, probably by maintaining the asso [...]

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable).

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

Transcriptional regulator of rRNA transcription; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. Binding to RNAP disrupts interaction of RNAP with DNA, inhibits formation of initiation complexes, and amplifies effects of ppGpp and the initiating NTP on rRNA transcription. Inhibits transcript elongation, exonucleolytic RNA cleavage and pyrophosphorolysis, and increases intrinsic terminat [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

RNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management.

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable).

Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...]

ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...]

Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...]

Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.

Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...]

DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...]