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soxS | Superoxide response regulon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon of E.coli that includes at least 10 genes such as sodA, nfo, zwf and micF. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCACN(7)CAA-3'. It also facilitates the subsequent binding of RNA polymerase to the micF and the nfo promoters. (107 aa) | ||||
narX | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate. (598 aa) | ||||
narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) | ||||
ompA | Outer membrane protein A (3a;II*;G;d); With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm (Probable). Plays a role in resistance to environmental stress, and a role in outer membrane functionality and cell shape. Non-covalently binds peptidoglycan (Probable). Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes. A very abundant protein, there can be up to 210,000 OmpA molecules per cell. Reconstitution in unilamellar lipid vesicles shows only about 3% of the protein is in an open conformation, whic [...] (346 aa) | ||||
focA | Formate channel; Involved in the bidirectional transport of formate; Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (285 aa) | ||||
pflB | Formate acetyltransferase 1; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and cellular amino acid catabolic process. (760 aa) | ||||
chiP | Chitoporin, uptake of chitosugars; Involved in the uptake of chitosugars. (468 aa) | ||||
fepA | Ferrienterobactin outer membrane transporter; This protein is involved in the initial step of iron uptake by binding ferrienterobactin (Fe-ENT), an iron chelatin siderophore that allows E.coli to extract iron from the environment. FepA also acts as a receptor for colicins B and D. (746 aa) | ||||
tsx | Nucleoside channel, receptor of phage T6 and colicin K; Functions as substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxynucleosides. Has a greater affinity for deoxynucleosides than for nucleosides, and does not transport free bases. In addition, constitutes the receptor for colicin K and phage T6. Belongs to the nucleoside-specific channel-forming outer membrane porin (Tsx) (TC 1.B.10) family. (294 aa) | ||||
lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) | ||||
lacZ | beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (1024 aa) | ||||
fhuA | Ferrichrome outer membrane transporter; Involved in the uptake of iron in complex with ferrichrome, a hydroxamate-type siderophore. Binds and transports ferrichrome-iron across the outer membrane. In addition to its role in ferrichrome-iron transport, transports the antibiotic albomycin, which is a structural analog of ferrichrome, and acts as a receptor for colicin M, microcin J25 and bacteriophages T1, T5, phi80 and UC-1. The energy source, which is required for all FhuA functions except infection by phage T5, is provided by the inner membrane TonB system. (747 aa) | ||||
btuB | Vitamin B12/cobalamin outer membrane transporter; Involved in the active translocation of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) across the outer membrane to the periplasmic space. It derives its energy for transport by interacting with the trans- periplasmic membrane protein TonB. Is also a receptor for bacteriophages BF23 and C1, and for A and E colicins. (614 aa) | ||||
crp | cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa) | ||||
arcB | Aerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576. (778 aa) | ||||
nupG | Nucleoside transporter; Broad-specificity transporter of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Driven by a proton motive force. Can transport uridine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine and cytidine. Can also transport xanthosine, but with a very low affinity. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nucleoside:H(+) symporter (NHS) (TC 2.A.1.10) family. (418 aa) | ||||
stpA | DNA binding protein, nucleoid-associated; A DNA-binding protein that acts in a fashion similar to H-NS protein upon overexpression, represses a number of genes including the cryptic blg operon, hns, papB and the proU locus. A subset of H-NS/StpA-regulated genes also require Hha for repression; Hha and Cnu (YdgT) increases the number of genes DNA bound by H-NS/StpA and may also modulate the oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA-complex. Repression can be inhibited by dominant-negative mutants of StpA or H-NS. (134 aa) | ||||
narQ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarP; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate/nitrite availability to the NarL/NarP proteins. NarQ probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation. NarQ probably negatively regulates the NarL protein by dephosphorylation. (566 aa) | ||||
narP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarQ; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (215 aa) | ||||
marA | Multiple antibiotic resistance transcriptional regulator; May be a transcriptional activator of genes involved in the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype. It can also activate genes such as sodA, zwf and micF. (127 aa) | ||||
recT | Rac prophage; Binds to single-stranded DNA and also promotes the renaturation of complementary single-stranded DNA. Function in recombination. Has a function similar to that of lambda RedB. (269 aa) | ||||
ompW | Outer membrane protein W; Acts as a receptor for colicin S4. (212 aa) | ||||
narG | Nitrate reductase 1, alpha subunit; The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction. (1247 aa) |