F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA, DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Plays a key role in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication. Binds in an ATP-dependent fashion to the origin of replication (oriC) to initiate formation of the DNA replication initiation complex exactly once per cell cycle. Binds the DnaA box (consensus sequence 5'-TTATC[CA]A[CA]A-3'); subsequent binding of DNA polymerase III subunits leads to replisome formation. The DnaA- ATP form converts to DnaA-ADP; once converted to ADP the protein cannot initiate replication, ensuring onl [...]

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

Protein chain elongation factor EF-G, GTP-binding; Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase f [...]

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

DNA gyrase, subunit B; DNA gyrase negatively supercoils closed circular double- stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. This makes better substrates for topoisomerase 4 (ParC and ParE) which is the main enzyme that unlinks newly replicated chromosomes in E.coli. Gyrase catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of double-stranded DNA rings, including catenanes. Relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA in an ATP-independent manner. E.coli gyrase has higher supercoiling activity than other characterized bacterial gyrases; at compa [...]

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

Translation initiation factor IF-2; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. May protect N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) from spontaneous hydrolysis. Promotes N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) binding to the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex. Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit, IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex. Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase fam [...]

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

Leucine tRNA synthetase; Protein involved in tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

CTP synthetase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Regulates intracellular CTP levels through interactions with the four ribonucleotide triphosphates.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L1; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds very close to the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA. Forms part of the L1 stalk. It is often not seen in high-resolution crystal structures, but can be seen in cryo_EM and 3D reconstruction models. These indicate that the distal end of the stalk moves by approximately 20 angstroms. This stalk movement is thought to be coupled to movement of deacylated tRNA into and out of the E site, and thus to participate in tRNA translocation. Contacts the P and E site tRNAs.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L2; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins. Located near the base of the L1 stalk, it is probably also mobile. Required for association of the 30S and 50S subunits to form the 70S ribosome, for tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. It has been suggested to have peptidyltransferase activity; this is highly controversial. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L3; One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L5; This is 1 of the proteins that binds and probably mediates the attachment of the 5S RNA into the large ribosomal subunit, where it forms part of the central protuberance. Its 5S rRNA binding is significantly enhanced in the presence of L18. Contacts the P site tRNA; the 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L6; This protein binds directly to at least 2 domains of the 23S ribosomal RNA, thus is important in its secondary structure. It is located near the subunit interface in the base of the L7/L12 stalk, and near the tRNA binding site of the peptidyltransferase center.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L11; Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L13; This protein is one of the early assembly proteins of the 50S ribosomal subunit, although it is not seen to bind rRNA by itself. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L14; This protein binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA. In the E.coli 70S ribosome it has been modeled to make two contacts with the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit, forming part of bridges B5 and B8, connecting the 2 subunits. Although the protein undergoes significant rotation during the transition from an initiation to and EF-G bound state, the bridges remain stable. In the 3.5 A resolved structures L14 and L19 interact and together make contact with the 16S rRNA in bridges B5 and B8.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L16; This protein binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is located at the A site of the peptidyltransferase center. It contacts the A and P site tRNAs. It has an essential role in subunit assembly, which is not well understood.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L18; This is one of the proteins that mediates the attachment of the 5S rRNA subcomplex onto the large ribosomal subunit where it forms part of the central protuberance. Binds stably to 5S rRNA; increases binding abilities of L5 in a cooperative fashion; both proteins together confer 23S rRNA binding. The 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L22; This protein binds specifically to 23S rRNA; its binding is stimulated by other ribosomal proteins, e.g. L4, L17, and L20. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. It makes multiple contacts with different domains of the 23S rRNA in the assembled 50S subunit and ribosome.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

RNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

RNA polymerase, beta subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

F1 sector of membrane-bound ATP synthase, beta subunit; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S2; Required for ribosomal protein S1 to bind to the 30S subunit.