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wza | Colanic acid export protein; Probably involved in the export of the extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid from the cell to medium. (379 aa) | ||||
mazF | mRNA interferase toxin, antitoxin is MazE; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific endoribonuclease it inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA and inducing bacterial stasis. It is stable, single- strand specific with mRNA cleavage independent of the ribosome, although translation enhances cleavage for some mRNAs. Cleavage occurs at the 5'-end of ACA sequences, yielding a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a free 5'-OH, although cleavage can also occur on the 3'-end of the first A. Digests 16S rRNA in vivo 43 nts upstream of the C- terminus; this remove [...] (111 aa) | ||||
mazE | Antitoxin of the ChpA-ChpR toxin-antitoxin system; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Labile antitoxin that binds to the MazF endoribonuclease toxin and neutralizes its endoribonuclease activity. Is considered to be an 'addiction' molecule as the cell dies in its absence. Toxicity results when the levels of MazE decrease in the cell, leading to mRNA degradation. This effect can be rescued by expression of MazE, but after 6 hours in rich medium the overexpression of MazF leads to programmed cell death. Cell growth and viability are not affected when MazF and M [...] (82 aa) | ||||
mqsA | Antitoxin for MqsR toxin; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Labile antitoxin that binds to the MqsR mRNA interferase toxin and neutralizes its endoribonuclease activity. Overexpression prevents MqsR-mediated cessation of cell growth and inhibition of cell proliferation. Initially reported to act as a cotranscription factor with MqsA. Following further experiments, the MqsR-MqsA complex does not bind DNA and all reported data are actually due to a small fraction of free MqsA alone binding DNA. Addition of MqsR to a preformed MqsA-promoter DNA complex causes d [...] (131 aa) | ||||
mqsR | GCU-specific mRNA interferase toxin of the MqsR-MqsA toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Plays a significant role in the control of biofilm formation and induction of persister cells in the presence of antibiotics. An mRNA interferase which has been reported to be translation-independent. It has also been reported to be translation-dependent. Cleavage has been reported to occur on either side of G in the sequence GCU. Also reported to cleave after C in GC(A/U) sequences. There are only 14 genes in E.coli W3110 (and probably also MG1655) tha [...] (98 aa) | ||||
bglG | Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon. (278 aa) | ||||
groL | Cpn60 chaperonin GroEL, large subunit of GroESL; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions. (548 aa) | ||||
ydaF | Uncharacterized protein, Rac prophage; To E.coli YdfA. (51 aa) | ||||
pinR | Rac prophage; putative site-specific recombinase. (196 aa) | ||||
ftsZ | GTP-binding tubulin-like cell division protein; Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Binds GTP and shows GTPase activity. Polymerization and bundle formation is enhanced by CbeA. (383 aa) | ||||
lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) | ||||
intR | Rac prophage; Integrase is necessary for integration of the phage into the host genome by site-specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome (By similarity). (411 aa) | ||||
ralR | Rac prophage; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Upon overexpression inhibits growth and reduces colony-forming units in both the presence and absence of the Rac prophage, cells become filamentous. Has deoxyribonuclease activity (probably endonucleolytic), does not digest RNA. Its toxic effects are neutralized by sRNA antitoxin RalA, which is encoded in trans on the opposite DNA strand. Has RAL-like activity. (64 aa) | ||||
recE | Rac prophage; Is involved in the RecE pathway of recombination. Catalyzes the degradation of double-stranded DNA. Acts progressively in a 5' to 3' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Has a strong preference for linear duplex substrate DNA and appears to be unable to initiate degradation from single-stranded breaks in DNA. (866 aa) | ||||
kilR | Killing protein, Rac prophage; Causes inhibition of cell division. At high levels of expression, can also abolish the rod shape of the cells. Division inhibition by KilR can be relieved by overexpression of the cell division protein FtsZ. (73 aa) | ||||
sieB | Phage superinfection exclusion protein. (162 aa) | ||||
racR | Rac prophage; Repressor protein for rac prophage. (158 aa) | ||||
ydaS | Rac prophage; putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator. (98 aa) | ||||
ydaT | Rac prophage; uncharacterized protein. (140 aa) | ||||
ydaU | Rac prophage; conserved protein. (285 aa) | ||||
ydaV | Rac prophage; Putative DNA replication factor. (248 aa) | ||||
trkG | Rac prophage; Low-affinity potassium transport system. Interacts with Trk system potassium uptake protein TrkA. Requires TrkE (sapD) for maximal transport activity, low activity is seen in its absence; no further stimulation is seen with SapF. Transport in the absence of SapD is dependent on a high membrane potential and a high cytoplasmic ATP concentration, suggesting this protein may be able to interact with other ATP-binding proteins. Can transport potassium and rubidium. (485 aa) | ||||
stfR | Rac prophage; putative tail fiber protein; Belongs to the tail fiber family. (1120 aa) | ||||
tfaR | Rac prophage; Tail fiber assembly protein homolog from lambdoid prophage Rac; Belongs to the tfa family. (191 aa) | ||||
ydcX | DUF2566 family protein; Acts as an orphan toxin which is important for maintaining cell fitness during stress related to the stringent response (decreased amino acid, purine and thymidine availability). Overexpression inhibits cell growth and increases the formation of persister cells. Causes 99.9% of cells to undergo bacterial lysis within 2 hours after induction; nucleoids condense, the cytoplasm seems empty and the periplasmic space enlarges. The intracellular ATP level decreases about 27-fold suggesting the membrane potential may be disrupted. (57 aa) |