N-acetylgalactosamine-specific enzyme IIB component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylgalactosamine transport.

C4-dicarboxylic acid, orotate and citrate transporter; Responsible for the aerobic transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, L- and D-malate and to a lesser extent succinate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.

N-acetylgalactosamine-specific enzyme IIB component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylgalactosamine transport.

Tagatose 6-phosphate aldolase 1, kbaY subunit; Catalytic subunit of the tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase KbaYZ, which catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate (TBP). Requires KbaZ subunit for full activity and stability.

Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain I; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.

Cytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit II; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit J; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.

C4-dicarboxylic acid, orotate and citrate transporter; Responsible for the aerobic transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, L- and D-malate and to a lesser extent succinate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.

N-acetylgalactosamine-specific enzyme IIB component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylgalactosamine transport.

C4-dicarboxylic acid, orotate and citrate transporter; Responsible for the aerobic transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, L- and D-malate and to a lesser extent succinate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.

C4-dicarboxylate transporter, anaerobic; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family.

C4-dicarboxylate transporter, anaerobic; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family.

C4-dicarboxylic acid, orotate and citrate transporter; Responsible for the aerobic transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, L- and D-malate and to a lesser extent succinate, from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.

C4-dicarboxylate transporter, anaerobic; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

C4-dicarboxylate transporter, anaerobic; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family.

Putative selenate reductase, periplasmic; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

C4-dicarboxylate transporter, anaerobic; Responsible for the transport of C4-dicarboxylates from the periplasm across the inner membrane; Belongs to the DcuA/DcuB transporter (TC 2.A.13.1) family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Formate dehydrogenase-N, alpha subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The alpha subunit FdnG contains the formate oxidation site. Electrons are transferred from formate to menaquinone in the gamma subunit (FdnI), through the 4Fe-4S clusters in the beta subunit (FdnH). Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar).

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, chain I; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit J; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

Putative selenate reductase, periplasmic; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds; Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

S- and N-oxide reductase, A subunit, periplasmic; Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxide and N-oxide compounds.

Formate dehydrogenase-N, alpha subunit, nitrate-inducible; Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The alpha subunit FdnG contains the formate oxidation site. Electrons are transferred from formate to menaquinone in the gamma subunit (FdnI), through the 4Fe-4S clusters in the beta subunit (FdnH). Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar).

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, anaerobic, subunit A; Catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMSO reductase serves as the terminal reductase under anaerobic conditions, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. Terminal reductase during anaerobic growth on various sulfoxides and N-oxide compounds. Allows E.coli to grow anaerobically on DMSO as respiratory oxidant.

L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of L-fucose and D-arabinose. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-fuculose 1- phosphate (Fuc1P) to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L- lactaldehyde (Ref.8, Ref.9,. Also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of D- ribulose 1-phosphate, but FucA has a higher affinity for L-fuculose 1- phosphate and L-lactaldehyde than for D-ribulose 1-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, respectively. FucA possesses a high specificity for the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), but accepts a great variety of different aldehydes and has [...]

L-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and glycolate metabolic process; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.

L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of L-fucose and D-arabinose. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-fuculose 1- phosphate (Fuc1P) to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L- lactaldehyde (Ref.8, Ref.9,. Also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of D- ribulose 1-phosphate, but FucA has a higher affinity for L-fuculose 1- phosphate and L-lactaldehyde than for D-ribulose 1-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, respectively. FucA possesses a high specificity for the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), but accepts a great variety of different aldehydes and has [...]

L-fucose transporter; Mediates the uptake of L-fucose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system). Can also transport L-galactose and D-arabinose, but at reduced rates compared with L-fucose. Is not able to transport L-rhamnose and L-arabinose.

L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of L-fucose and D-arabinose. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-fuculose 1- phosphate (Fuc1P) to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L- lactaldehyde (Ref.8, Ref.9,. Also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of D- ribulose 1-phosphate, but FucA has a higher affinity for L-fuculose 1- phosphate and L-lactaldehyde than for D-ribulose 1-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, respectively. FucA possesses a high specificity for the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), but accepts a great variety of different aldehydes and has [...]

tryptophanase/L-cysteine desulfhydrase, PLP-dependent; Tryptophanase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process; Belongs to the beta-eliminating lyase family.

L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase; Involved in the degradation of L-fucose and D-arabinose. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-fuculose 1- phosphate (Fuc1P) to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and L- lactaldehyde (Ref.8, Ref.9,. Also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of D- ribulose 1-phosphate, but FucA has a higher affinity for L-fuculose 1- phosphate and L-lactaldehyde than for D-ribulose 1-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, respectively. FucA possesses a high specificity for the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), but accepts a great variety of different aldehydes and has [...]

D-xylose isomerase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and glucose metabolic process; Belongs to the xylose isomerase family.