STRINGSTRING
fepG fepG aceE aceE aceF aceF acnB acnB mrcB mrcB fadE fadE cyoD cyoD cyoC cyoC cyoB cyoB htpG htpG entD entD entF entF fepC fepC fepD fepD fepB fepB sucA sucA sucB sucB sucC sucC sucD sucD cydA cydA gpmA gpmA galE galE pgl pgl icd icd acnA acnA osmB osmB pspA pspA pspB pspB pspC pspC fumC fumC fumA fumA fadD fadD prc prc zwf zwf gnd gnd cpsB cpsB nuoL nuoL ackA ackA aroC aroC fadJ fadJ fadL fadL eutE eutE tktB tktB rpoS rpoS barA barA fucK fucK tktA tktA mrcA mrcA malQ malQ glgP glgP glgA glgA glgC glgC glgX glgX glgB glgB xylB xylB xylA xylA malS malS waaL waaL waaO waaO waaP waaP hemY hemY hemX hemX fadB fadB hemN hemN rhaA rhaA pfkA pfkA oxyR oxyR hupA hupA
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
fepGIron-enterobactin ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (330 aa)
aceEPyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylase component E1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). (887 aa)
aceFPyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component E2; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (630 aa)
acnBAconitate hydratase 2; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and the 2- methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the hydration of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate to yield (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnB functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein. During oxidative stress inactive AcnB apo- enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnB mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilize [...] (865 aa)
mrcBFused glycosyl transferase and transpeptidase; Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits); In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family. (844 aa)
fadEAcyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) to 2-enoyl-CoAs, the first step of the beta-oxidation cycle of fatty acid degradation. Is required for E.coli to utilize dodecanoate or oleate as the sole carbon and energy source for growth. (814 aa)
cyoDCytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit IV; Cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol terminal oxidase is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration. Has proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to electron transfer, pumping 2 protons/electron. (109 aa)
cyoCCytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit III; Cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol terminal oxidase is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration. Has proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to electron transfer, pumping 2 protons/electron. (204 aa)
cyoBCytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase subunit I; Cytochrome bo(3) ubiquinol terminal oxidase is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration. Has proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to electron transfer, pumping 2 protons/electron. Protons are probably pumped via D- and K- channels found in this subunit. (663 aa)
htpGProtein refolding molecular co-chaperone Hsp90, Hsp70-dependent; Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity. (624 aa)
entDPhosphopantetheinyltransferase component of enterobactin synthase multienzyme complex; Involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore enterobactin (enterochelin), which is a macrocyclic trimeric lactone of N-(2,3- dihydroxybenzoyl)-serine. The serine trilactone serves as a scaffolding for the three catechol functionalities that provide hexadentate coordination for the tightly ligated iron(2+) atoms. Plays an essential role in the assembly of the enterobactin by catalyzing the transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) moiety from coenzyme A to the apo- domains of both EntB (ArCP do [...] (206 aa)
entFEnterobactin synthase multienzyme complex component, ATP-dependent; Activates the carboxylate group of L-serine via ATP-dependent PPi exchange reactions to the aminoacyladenylate, preparing that molecule for the final stages of enterobactin synthesis. Holo-EntF acts as the catalyst for the formation of the three amide and three ester bonds present in the cyclic (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine trimer enterobactin, using seryladenylate and acyl-holo-EntB (acylated with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate by EntE). (1293 aa)
fepCFerrienterobactin ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (271 aa)
fepDFerrienterobactin ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for ferric enterobactin. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (334 aa)
fepBFerrienterobactin ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Binds ferrienterobactin; part of the binding-protein- dependent transport system for uptake of ferrienterobactin. (318 aa)
sucA2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase, thiamine triphosphate-binding; E1 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex which catalyzes the decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, the first step in the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). (933 aa)
sucBDihydrolipoyltranssuccinase; E2 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex which catalyzes the second step in the conversion of 2- oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). (405 aa)
sucCsuccinyl-CoA synthetase, beta subunit; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit. Can use either ATP or GTP, but prefers ATP. It can also function in the other direction for anabolic purposes, and this may be particularly impor [...] (388 aa)
sucDsuccinyl-CoA synthetase, NAD(P)-binding, alpha subunit; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit. Can use either ATP or GTP, but prefers ATP. It can also function in the other direction for anabolic purposes, and this may be particularly importan [...] (289 aa)
cydACytochrome d terminal oxidase, subunit I; A terminal oxidase that produces a proton motive force by the vectorial transfer of protons across the inner membrane. It is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration. Generates a proton motive force using protons and electrons from opposite sides of the membrane to generate H(2)O, transferring 1 proton/electron. Belongs to the cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase subunit 1 family. (522 aa)
gpmAPhosphoglyceromutase 1; Catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3- phosphoglycerate; Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG- dependent PGAM subfamily. (250 aa)
galEUDP-galactose-4-epimerase; Involved in the metabolism of galactose. Catalyzes the conversion of UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) to UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) through a mechanism involving the transient reduction of NAD. It is only active on UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose. (338 aa)
pgl6-phosphogluconolactonase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate. (331 aa)
icdIsocitrate dehydrogenase, specific for NADP+; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (416 aa)
acnAAconitate hydratase 1; Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein which plays a role as a maintenance or survival enzyme during nutritional or oxidative stress. During oxidative stress inactive AcnA apo-enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnA mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilizes acnA mRNA and increases AcnA synthesis, thus mediating a post- transcriptional positive autoregulatory switch. AcnA also enhances the stability of the sodA transcript. (891 aa)
osmBOsmotically and stress inducible lipoprotein; Provides resistance to osmotic stress. May be important for stationary-phase survival. (72 aa)
pspARegulatory protein for phage-shock-protein operon; The phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) may play a significant role in the competition for survival under nutrient- or energy-limited conditions. PspA negatively regulates expression of the pspABCDE promoter and of pspG through negative regulation of the psp- specific transcriptional activator PspF. Is also required for membrane integrity, efficient translocation and maintenance of the proton motive force. Belongs to the PspA/IM30 family. (222 aa)
pspBPsp operon transcription co-activator; The phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) may play a significant role in the competition for survival under nutrient- or energy-limited conditions. PspB is involved in transcription regulation; Belongs to the PspB family. (74 aa)
pspCPsp operon transcription co-activator; The phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) may play a significant role in the competition for survival under nutrient- or energy-limited conditions. PspC is involved in transcription regulation; Belongs to the phageshock PspC family. (119 aa)
fumCFumarate hydratase (fumarase C),aerobic Class II; Involved in the TCA cycle. FumC seems to be a backup enzyme for FumA under conditions of iron limitation and oxidative stress. Catalyzes the stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate. Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily. (467 aa)
fumAFumarate hydratase (fumarase A), aerobic Class I; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions as an aerobic enzyme in the direction of malate formation as part of the citric acid cycle. Accounts for about 80% of the fumarase activity when the bacteria grow aerobically. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity in vitro, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Can also catalyze the isomerization of enol- to keto-oxaloacetate. (548 aa)
fadDacyl-CoA synthetase (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase); Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Activity is the highest with fatty acid substrates of > 10 carbon atoms. Is involved in the aerobic beta- oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows aerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source. (561 aa)
prcCarboxy-terminal protease for penicillin-binding protein 3; Involved in the cleavage of a C-terminal peptide of 11 residues from the precursor form of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3). May be involved in protection of the bacterium from thermal and osmotic stresses. (682 aa)
zwfGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone; Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (491 aa)
gnd6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (468 aa)
cpsBMannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide colanic acid. (478 aa)
nuoLNADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, membrane subunit L; NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient; Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family. (613 aa)
ackAAcetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa)
aroCChorismate synthase; Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system. It uses NADPH to reduce FMN. (361 aa)
fadJenoyl-CoA hydratase/epimerase and isomerase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the formation of a hydroxyacyl-CoA by addition of water on enoyl-CoA. Also exhibits 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase and 3- hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (714 aa)
fadLLong-chain fatty acid outer membrane transporter; Involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the outer membrane. It is a receptor for the bacteriophage T2. FadL may form a specific channel; Belongs to the OmpP1/FadL family. (446 aa)
eutEAldehyde oxidoreductase, ethanolamine utilization protein; May act as an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that converts acetaldehyde into acetyl-CoA. (467 aa)
tktBTransketolase 2, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Catalyzes the reversible transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, producing xylulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate. Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity). (667 aa)
rpoSRNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa)
barAHybrid sensory histidine kinase, in two-component regulatory system with UvrY; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. Phosphorylates UvrY, probably via a four-step phosphorelay. (918 aa)
fucKL-fuculokinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of L-fuculose. Can also phosphorylate, with lower efficiency, D-ribulose, D-xylulose and D- fructose. (472 aa)
tktATransketolase 1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate. Thus, catalyzes the reversible transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, producing xylulose-5-phosphate and ribose- 5-phosphate. (663 aa)
mrcAPenicillin-binding protein 1a, murein transglycosylase and transpeptidase; Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits); In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family. (850 aa)
malQ4-alpha-glucanotransferase (amylomaltase); Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and polysaccharide catabolic process; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family. (694 aa)
glgPGlycogen phosphorylase; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties. (815 aa)
glgAGlycogen synthase; Synthesizes alpha-1,4-glucan chains using ADP-glucose. (477 aa)
glgCGlucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; Involved in the biosynthesis of ADP-glucose, a building block required for the elongation reactions to produce glycogen. Catalyzes the reaction between ATP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) to produce pyrophosphate and ADP-Glc; Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family. (431 aa)
glgXGlycogen debranching enzyme; Removes maltotriose and maltotetraose chains that are attached by 1,6-alpha-linkage to the limit dextrin main chain, generating a debranched limit dextrin. Shows only very little activity with native glycogen. (657 aa)
glgB1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme; Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in glycogen by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily. (728 aa)
xylBXylulokinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-xylulose to D-xylulose 5- phosphate. Also catalyzes the phosphorylation of 1- deoxy-D-xylulose to 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, with lower efficiency. Can also use D-ribulose, xylitol and D- arabitol, but D-xylulose is preferred over the other substrates. Has a weak substrate-independent Mg-ATP-hydrolyzing activity ; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (484 aa)
xylAD-xylose isomerase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and glucose metabolic process; Belongs to the xylose isomerase family. (440 aa)
malSAlpha-amylase; Since only maltooligosaccharides up to a chain length of 6 glucose units are actively transported through the cytoplasmic membrane via the membrane-bound complex of three proteins, MalF, MalG, and MalK, longer maltooligosaccharides must first be degraded by the periplasmic alpha-amylase, the MalS protein; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (676 aa)
waaLO-antigen ligase; Adds the O-antigen on the glucose group of LPS. (419 aa)
waaOUDP-D-galactose:(glucosyl)lipopolysaccharide- alpha-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase; Protein involved in cell surface antigen activity, host-interacting; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. (339 aa)
waaPKinase that phosphorylates core heptose of lipopolysaccharide; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of heptose(I) of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide core. (265 aa)
hemYPutative protoheme IX synthesis protein; Involved in a late step of protoheme IX synthesis. (398 aa)
hemXUroporphyrinogen III methylase. (393 aa)
fadBEnoyl-CoA hydratase/Delta(3)-cis-Delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long- chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation cycle. Catalyzes the formation of 3-oxoacyl-CoA from enoyl-CoA via L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It can also use D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and cis-3-enoyl-CoA as substrate. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (729 aa)
hemNCoproporphyrinogen III oxidase, SAM and NAD(P)H dependent, oxygen-independent; Involved in the heme biosynthesis. Catalyzes the anaerobic oxidative decarboxylation of propionate groups of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen III to yield the vinyl groups in protoporphyrinogen IX. It can use NAD or NADP, but NAD is preferred. Belongs to the anaerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family. (457 aa)
rhaAL-rhamnose isomerase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process. (419 aa)
pfkA6-phosphofructokinase I; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis; Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. ATP-dependent PFK group I subfamily. Prokaryotic clade 'B1' sub- subfamily. (320 aa)
oxyROxidative and nitrosative stress transcriptional regulator; Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto- [...] (305 aa)
hupAHU, DNA-binding transcriptional regulator, alpha subunit; Histone-like DNA-binding protein which is capable of wrapping DNA to stabilize it, and thus to prevent its denaturation under extreme environmental conditions; Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family. (90 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
Server load: low (14%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.