Ribosome recycling factor; Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another.

Polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Also involved, along with RNase II, in tRNA processing. RNases II and R contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth.

Ribosome recycling factor; Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Ribosome recycling factor; Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another.

Exoribonuclease R, RNase R; 3'-5' exoribonuclease that releases 5'-nucleoside monophosphates and is involved in maturation of structured RNAs (rRNAs, tRNAs and SsrA/tmRNA). In stationary phase, involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of ompA mRNA stability. Shortens RNA processively to di- and trinucleotides. In vitro, exhibits helicase activity, which is independent of its RNase activity. RNases 2 and R (rnb and this entry) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (this entry and pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA duri [...]

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity.

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Also involved, along with RNase II, in tRNA processing. RNases II and R contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...]

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity.

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

beta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3; Aspartokinase III, lysine sensitive; Protein involved in lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and homoserine biosynthetic process.

Endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in RNA processing and decay. Required for the maturation of 5S and 16S rRNAs and the majority of tRNAs. Also involved in the degradation of most mRNAs. Can also process other RNA species, such as RNAI, a molecule that controls the replication of ColE1 plasmid, and the cell division inhibitor DicF- RNA. It initiates the decay of RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end. It is able to remove poly(A) tails by an endonucleolytic process. Required to initiate rRNA degradation during both starvation and quality control; ac [...]

Magnesium transporter; Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIB subfamily.

Regulatory leader peptide for mgtA; Makes mgtA transcription sensitive to intracellular proline levels. Under low levels of proline this protein cannot be fully translated, and a stem loop forms which permits transcription of the downstream mgtA gene (By similarity).

Magnesium transporter; Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIB subfamily.

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Regulatory leader peptide for mgtA; Makes mgtA transcription sensitive to intracellular proline levels. Under low levels of proline this protein cannot be fully translated, and a stem loop forms which permits transcription of the downstream mgtA gene (By similarity).

Magnesium transporter; Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIB subfamily.

Regulatory leader peptide for mgtA; Makes mgtA transcription sensitive to intracellular proline levels. Under low levels of proline this protein cannot be fully translated, and a stem loop forms which permits transcription of the downstream mgtA gene (By similarity).

Transcription termination factor; Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA- dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.

Polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Also involved, along with RNase II, in tRNA processing. RNases II and R contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth.

Ribosome recycling factor; Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another.