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ppc | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (883 aa) | ||||
sthA | Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, soluble; Conversion of NADPH, generated by peripheral catabolic pathways, to NADH, which can enter the respiratory chain for energy generation. (466 aa) | ||||
aceB | Malate synthase A; Protein involved in glyoxylate cycle. (533 aa) | ||||
aceA | Isocitrate lyase; Involved in the metabolic adaptation in response to environmental changes. Catalyzes the reversible formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key step of the glyoxylate cycle, which operates as an anaplerotic route for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle during growth on fatty acid substrates. (434 aa) | ||||
aceK | Isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase; Bifunctional enzyme which can phosphorylate or dephosphorylate isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) on a specific serine residue. This is a regulatory mechanism which enables bacteria to bypass the Krebs cycle via the glyoxylate shunt in response to the source of carbon. When bacteria are grown on glucose, IDH is fully active and unphosphorylated, but when grown on acetate or ethanol, the activity of IDH declines drastically concomitant with its phosphorylation; Belongs to the AceK family. (578 aa) | ||||
pgi | Glucosephosphate isomerase; Protein involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the GPI family. (549 aa) | ||||
ahr | Broad specificity NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, Zn-containing; Catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes including aliphatic fatty aldehydes (C4-C16), into their corresponding alcohols. Has a strong preference for NADPH over NADH as the electron donor. Cannot use glyceraldehyde or a ketone as substrate. Is a relevant source of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity in E.coli. The in vivo functions of Ahr has yet to be determined. (339 aa) | ||||
pflD | Putative glycine radical domain-containing pyruvate formate-lyase; Probably shows dehydratase activity. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. (765 aa) | ||||
ispH | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, 4Fe-4S protein; Catalyzes the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP) into a mixture of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Acts in the terminal step of the DOXP/MEP pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. In vitro, can also hydrate acetylenes to aldehydes and ketones via anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov addition. Belongs to the IspH family. (316 aa) | ||||
aceE | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylase component E1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). (887 aa) | ||||
aceF | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component E2; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (630 aa) | ||||
lpd | Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. (474 aa) | ||||
dxr | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; Catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate (MEP). (398 aa) | ||||
dxs | 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-requiring; Catalyzes the acyloin condensation reaction between C atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield 1-deoxy-D- xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP). (620 aa) | ||||
poxB | Pyruvate dehydrogenase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-binding; Pyruvate oxidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and pyruvate catabolic process; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa) | ||||
pflB | Formate acetyltransferase 1; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and cellular amino acid catabolic process. (760 aa) | ||||
icd | Isocitrate dehydrogenase, specific for NADP+; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (416 aa) | ||||
ispE | 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the position 2 hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol. Phosphorylates isopentenyl phosphate at low rates. Also acts on isopentenol, and, much less efficiently, dimethylallyl alcohol. Dimethylallyl monophosphate does not serve as a substrate. (283 aa) | ||||
adhE | Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]; This enzyme has three activities: ADH, ACDH, and PFL- deactivase. In aerobic conditions it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The PFL deactivase activity catalyzes the quenching of the pyruvate-formate-lyase catalyst in an iron, NAD, and CoA dependent reaction; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (891 aa) | ||||
ldhA | Fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Fermentative lactate dehydrogenase; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (329 aa) | ||||
pntB | Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, beta subunit; The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane; Belongs to the PNT beta subunit family. (462 aa) | ||||
pntA | Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, alpha subunit; The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane; Belongs to the AlaDH/PNT family. (510 aa) | ||||
ppsA | Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. (792 aa) | ||||
gdhA | Glutamate dehydrogenase, NADP-specific; Catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (447 aa) | ||||
zwf | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone; Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (491 aa) | ||||
gnd | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (468 aa) | ||||
mqo | Malate dehydrogenase, FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle. (548 aa) | ||||
ackA | Acetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa) | ||||
ptsH | Phosphohistidinoprotein-hexose phosphotransferase component of PTS system (Hpr); General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the PTS EIIA domain. (85 aa) | ||||
ptsI | PEP-protein phosphotransferase of PTS system (enzyme I); General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr). Can also use (Z)-3-fluoro-PEP (ZFPEP), (Z)-3-methyl- PEP (ZMePEP), (Z)-3-chloro-PEP (ZClPEP) and (E)-3-chloro-PEP (EClPEP) as alte [...] (575 aa) | ||||
crr | Glucose-specific enzyme IIA component of PTS; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of PtsG and Crr is involved in glucose transport. The non-phosphorylated EIII-Glc is an inhibitor for uptake of certain sugars such as maltose, melibiose, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphorylated EIII-Glc, however, may be an activator for adenylate cyclase. It is an im [...] (169 aa) | ||||
maeB | Malic enzyme: putative oxidoreductase/phosphotransacetylase; Putative multimodular enzyme; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the malic enzymes family. (759 aa) | ||||
ispG | 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; Converts 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME- 2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate, using flavodoxin as the reducing agent; Belongs to the IspG family. (372 aa) | ||||
nadK | NAD kinase; Involved in the regulation of the intracellular balance of NAD and NADP, and is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of NADP. Catalyzes specifically the phosphorylation on 2'-hydroxyl of the adenosine moiety of NAD to yield NADP. It can use ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates (UTP, CTP, GTP, dATP, TTP) as phosphoryl donors, while nucleoside mono- or diphosphates and poly(P) can not. (292 aa) | ||||
ispF | 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), two major building blocks of isoprenoid compounds. Catalyzes the conversion of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2- C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (CDP-ME2P) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME-CPP) with a corresponding release of cytidine 5-monophosphate (CMP). Also converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D- erythritol into 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 3,4-cyclophosphate and CMP. (159 aa) | ||||
ispD | 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase; Catalyzes the formation of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D- erythritol from CTP and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP). (236 aa) | ||||
idi | Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). (182 aa) | ||||
galP | D-galactose transporter; Uptake of galactose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system); Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (464 aa) | ||||
plsC | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the 2 position. This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor. Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family. (245 aa) | ||||
mdh | Malate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (312 aa) | ||||
pck | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [ATP]; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through direct phosphoryl transfer between the nucleoside triphosphate and OAA. Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family. (540 aa) |