Multidrug efflux system; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates. This subunit may act as an adapter protein that links AcrB and TolC stably together. It is elongated in shape, being long enough to span the periplasm.

Outer membrane porin 1a (Ia;b;F); Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family.

Multidrug efflux system; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates. This subunit may act as an adapter protein that links AcrB and TolC stably together. It is elongated in shape, being long enough to span the periplasm.

Redox-sensitive transcriptional activator of soxS; Activates the transcription of the soxS gene which itself controls the superoxide response regulon. SoxR contains a 2Fe-2S iron- sulfur cluster that may act as a redox sensor system that recognizes superoxide. The variable redox state of the Fe-S cluster is employed in vivo to modulate the transcriptional activity of SoxR in response to specific types of oxidative stress. Upon reduction of 2Fe-2S cluster, SoxR reversibly loses its transcriptional activity, but retains its DNA binding affinity.

Multidrug efflux system; AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates. This subunit may act as an adapter protein that links AcrB and TolC stably together. It is elongated in shape, being long enough to span the periplasm.

Superoxide response regulon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon of E.coli that includes at least 10 genes such as sodA, nfo, zwf and micF. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCACN(7)CAA-3'. It also facilitates the subsequent binding of RNA polymerase to the micF and the nfo promoters.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Cysteine desulfurase (tRNA sulfurtransferase), PLP-dependent; Master enzyme that delivers sulfur to a number of partners involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, tRNA modification or cofactor biosynthesis. Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for Fe-S cluster synthesis onto IscU, an Fe-S scaffold assembly protein, as well as other S acceptor proteins. Preferentially binds to disordered IscU on which the Fe-S is assembled, IscU converts to the structured state and then dissociates from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to a [...]

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein; A scaffold on which IscS assembles Fe-S clusters. Exists as 2 interconverting forms, a structured (S) and disordered (D) form. The D- state is the preferred substrate for IscS. Converts to the S-state when an Fe-S cluster is assembled, which helps it dissociate from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to an acceptor. It is likely that Fe-S cluster coordination is flexible as the role of this complex is to build and then hand off Fe-S clusters; Belongs to the NifU family.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; Converts 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME- 2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate, using flavodoxin as the reducing agent; Belongs to the IspG family.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Fe/S biogenesis protein, putative scaffold/chaperone protein; Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis under severe conditions such as iron starvation or oxidative stress. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe/S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins. Required for E.coli to sustain oxidative stress and iron starvation. Also necessary for the use of extracellular DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy. Belongs to the NfuA family.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor for NO regulon; Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor of genes involved in protecting the cell against nitrosative stress, such as ytfE, hmpA and ygbA. May require iron for activity. Does not regulates its own transcription.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Uncharacterized ferredoxin-like protein YfaE; Ferredoxin involved with ribonucleotide reductase diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y*) cofactor maintenance.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Cysteine desulfurase (tRNA sulfurtransferase), PLP-dependent; Master enzyme that delivers sulfur to a number of partners involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, tRNA modification or cofactor biosynthesis. Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for Fe-S cluster synthesis onto IscU, an Fe-S scaffold assembly protein, as well as other S acceptor proteins. Preferentially binds to disordered IscU on which the Fe-S is assembled, IscU converts to the structured state and then dissociates from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to a [...]

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein; A scaffold on which IscS assembles Fe-S clusters. Exists as 2 interconverting forms, a structured (S) and disordered (D) form. The D- state is the preferred substrate for IscS. Converts to the S-state when an Fe-S cluster is assembled, which helps it dissociate from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to an acceptor. It is likely that Fe-S cluster coordination is flexible as the role of this complex is to build and then hand off Fe-S clusters; Belongs to the NifU family.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; Converts 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME- 2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate, using flavodoxin as the reducing agent; Belongs to the IspG family.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Fe/S biogenesis protein, putative scaffold/chaperone protein; Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis under severe conditions such as iron starvation or oxidative stress. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe/S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins. Required for E.coli to sustain oxidative stress and iron starvation. Also necessary for the use of extracellular DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy. Belongs to the NfuA family.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.

Uncharacterized ferredoxin-like protein YfaE; Ferredoxin involved with ribonucleotide reductase diferric-tyrosyl radical (Y*) cofactor maintenance.

Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA.

Iron-sulfur cluster insertion protein; Probably involved in the insertion of Fe-S clusters into apoproteins in vivo including IspG and/or IspH. Essential for growth under aerobic conditions and for anaerobic respiration but not for fermentation. In vitro it binds Fe-S clusters and transfers them to apo-IspG, which is involved in quinone biosynthesis among many other cell components. Experiments indicate that it is probably also involved in the insertion of other Fe-S clusters than IspG/IspH; Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.

Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA.

[2Fe-2S] ferredoxin; Ferredoxin are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Although the function of this ferredoxin is unknown it is probable that it has a role as a cellular electron transfer protein. Involved in the in vivo assembly of the Fe-S clusters in a wide variety of iron-sulfur proteins.