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soxS soxS dsbA dsbA sodA sodA soxR soxR katG katG oxyR oxyR nusG nusG rplJ rplJ pspG pspG cspA cspA crp crp greA greA agaS agaS guaD guaD relA relA rpoS rpoS fhlA fhlA smpB smpB raiA raiA guaB guaB cysK cysK gapA gapA nadE nadE katE katE btuE btuE asr asr lsrR lsrR osmC osmC uspF uspF uspE uspE pspF pspF ompF ompF lrp lrp uspG uspG ahpF ahpF ahpC ahpC yaaA yaaA
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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soxSSuperoxide response regulon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon of E.coli that includes at least 10 genes such as sodA, nfo, zwf and micF. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCACN(7)CAA-3'. It also facilitates the subsequent binding of RNA polymerase to the micF and the nfo promoters. (107 aa)
dsbAPeriplasmic protein disulfide isomerase I; Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins such as PhoA or OmpA. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process. DsbA is reoxidized by DsbB. Required for pilus biogenesis. PhoP-regulated transcription is redox-sensitive, being activated when the periplasm becomes more reducing (deletion of dsbA/dsbB, treatment with dithiothreitol). MgrB acts between DsbA/DsbB and PhoP/PhoQ in this pathway. Belongs to the thioredoxin family. DsbA subfamily. (208 aa)
sodASuperoxide dismutase, Mn; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (206 aa)
soxRRedox-sensitive transcriptional activator of soxS; Activates the transcription of the soxS gene which itself controls the superoxide response regulon. SoxR contains a 2Fe-2S iron- sulfur cluster that may act as a redox sensor system that recognizes superoxide. The variable redox state of the Fe-S cluster is employed in vivo to modulate the transcriptional activity of SoxR in response to specific types of oxidative stress. Upon reduction of 2Fe-2S cluster, SoxR reversibly loses its transcriptional activity, but retains its DNA binding affinity. (154 aa)
katGCatalase-peroxidase HPI, heme b-containing; Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity. Displays also NADH oxidase, INH lyase and isonicotinoyl-NAD synthase activity; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Peroxidase/catalase subfamily. (726 aa)
oxyROxidative and nitrosative stress transcriptional regulator; Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto- [...] (305 aa)
nusGTranscription termination factor; Participates in transcription elongation, termination and antitermination. In the absence of Rho, increases the rate of transcription elongation by the RNA polymerase (RNAP), probably by partially suppressing pausing. In the presence of Rho, modulates most Rho-dependent termination events by interacting with the RNAP to render the complex more susceptible to the termination activity of Rho. May be required to overcome a kinetic limitation of Rho to function at certain terminators. Also involved in ribosomal RNA and phage lambda N-mediated transcription [...] (181 aa)
rplJ50S ribosomal subunit protein L10; Forms part of the ribosomal stalk, playing a central role in the interaction of the ribosome with GTP-bound translation factors. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family. (165 aa)
pspGPhage shock protein G; Effector of the phage shock response. (80 aa)
cspARNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'. (70 aa)
crpcAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa)
greATranscript cleavage factor; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by cleavage factors such as GreA or GreB allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'terminus. GreA releases sequences of 2 to 3 nucleotides. (158 aa)
agaSPutative D-galactosamine-6-phosphate deaminase AgaS; Catalyzes the isomerization-deamination of galactosamine 6- phosphate to form tagatofuranose 6-phosphate and ammonium ion. (384 aa)
guaDGuanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family. (439 aa)
relA(p)ppGpp synthetase I/GTP pyrophosphokinase; In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5-' diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response which coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of pppGpp which is then hydrolyzed to form ppGpp. The second messengers ppGpp and c-di-GMP together control biofilm formation in response to translational stress; ppGpp represses biofilm formation while c-di-GMP induces it. ppGpp activates transcription of CsrA-antagonistic small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, which d [...] (744 aa)
rpoSRNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa)
fhlAFormate hydrogenlyase transcriptional activator; Required for induction of expression of the formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase-3 structural genes. Also activates expression of hyf operon (encodes the silent hydrogenase-4 gene cluster). (692 aa)
smpBtmRNA-binding trans-translation protein; Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans- translation. Binds to tmRNA RNA (also known as SsrA or 10Sa RNA, 363 nucleotides in this organism), required for stable binding of tmRNA to ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB (Probable). tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a 'tag peptide', a short internal open reading frame. Able to recruit charged tmRNA to ribosomes. Does not play a role in transcription, processing or [...] (160 aa)
raiACold shock protein associated with 30S ribosomal subunit; During stationary phase prevents 70S dimer formation, probably in order to regulate translation efficiency during transition between the exponential and the stationary phases. During environmental stress such as cold shock or excessive cell density at stationary phase, stabilizes the 70S ribosome against dissociation, inhibits translation elongation and increases translation accuracy. When normal growth conditions are restored, is quickly released from the ribosome. Has been suggested to inhibit translation elongation by blockin [...] (113 aa)
guaBIMP dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (488 aa)
cysKCysteine synthase A, O-acetylserine sulfhydrolase A subunit; (Microbial infection) In addition to its role in cysteine synthesis, stimulates the tRNase activity of CdiA-CT from E.coli strain 536 / UPEC; stimulation does not require O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activity. CdiA is the toxic component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. CDI modules allow bacteria to communicate with and inhibit the growth of closely related neighboring bacteria in a contact-dependent fashion (experiments done in strains BW25113 [...] (323 aa)
gapAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A; Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG. (331 aa)
nadENAD synthetase, NH3/glutamine-dependent; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of deamido-NAD to form NAD. Uses ammonia as a nitrogen source. (275 aa)
katECatalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. (753 aa)
btuEGlutathione peroxidase; Non-specific peroxidase that can use thioredoxin or glutathione as a reducing agent. In vitro, utilizes preferentially thioredoxin A to decompose hydrogen peroxide as well as cumene-, tert- butyl-, and linoleic acid hydroperoxides, suggesting that it may have one or more organic hydroperoxide as its physiological substrate. Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. BtuE subfamily. (183 aa)
asrAcid shock-inducible periplasmic protein; Required for growth and/or survival at acidic conditions (pH 4.5). Needed for the adaptation process at pH 4.5 that enables cells to survive at extremely low pH (pH 2.0); Belongs to the Asr family. (102 aa)
lsrRLsr operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates transcription of many different genes. In the absence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), represses transcription of the lsrACDBFG operon and its own transcription. In the presence of AI-2, LsrR is inactivated by binding phospho-AI-2, leading to the transcription of the lsr genes. (317 aa)
osmCLipoyl-dependent Cys-based peroxidase, hydroperoxide resistance; Preferentially metabolizes organic hydroperoxides over inorganic hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the OsmC/Ohr family. (143 aa)
uspFUniversal stress protein F; Pseudogene, prophage Rac integration site ttcA duplication;Phage or Prophage Related. (144 aa)
uspEStress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (316 aa)
pspFPsp operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) and pspG gene. (325 aa)
ompFOuter membrane porin 1a (Ia;b;F); Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane. (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA- EC536-mediated toxicity; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (362 aa)
lrpLeucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes. (164 aa)
uspGUniversal stress protein UP12; Has intrinsic autoadenylation and autophosphorylation activities, probably on Ser or Thr residues. Belongs to the universal stress protein A family. (142 aa)
ahpFAlkyl hydroperoxide reductase, F52a subunit, FAD/NAD(P)-binding; Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the AhpC protein; Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (521 aa)
ahpCAlkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily. (187 aa)
yaaAPeroxide resistance protein, lowers intracellular iron; Involved in the cellular response to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stress. During H(2)O(2) stress, prevents oxidative damage to both DNA and proteins by diminishing the amount of unincorporated iron within the cell. (258 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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