STRINGSTRING
speC speC sspB sspB sspA sspA putA putA kdpA kdpA kdpB kdpB kdpC kdpC kdpD kdpD kdpE kdpE glsA glsA cynS cynS clcA clcA speE speE ispH ispH fmt fmt rsmB rsmB yhfA yhfA nudE nudE arsR arsR slp slp gadE gadE gadW gadW gadX gadX gadA gadA trkH trkH yihA yihA adiC adiC cysQ cysQ kdpF kdpF clsA clsA hns hns ycgL ycgL pntB pntB ydgI ydgI osmC osmC gadC gadC lysR lysR atoC atoC speB speB yggS yggS yggT yggT yggU yggU arcB arcB tehA tehA trkG trkG sapD sapD kch kch
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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speCOrnithine decarboxylase, constitutive; Ornithine decarboxylase isozyme; Protein involved in polyamine biosynthetic process. (711 aa)
sspBClpXP protease specificity enhancing factor; Enhances recognition of ssrA-tagged proteins by the ClpX-ClpP protease; the ssrA degradation tag (AANDENYALAA) is added trans- translationally to proteins that are stalled on the ribosome, freeing the ribosome and targeting stalled peptides for degradation. SspB activates the ATPase activity of ClpX. Seems to act in concert with SspA in the regulation of several proteins during exponential and stationary-phase growth. (165 aa)
sspAStringent starvation protein A; Forms an equimolar complex with the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP) but not with the core enzyme. It is synthesized predominantly when cells are exposed to amino acid starvation, at which time it accounts for over 50% of the total protein synthesized. It is involved in the transition from P1 early to P1 late gene expression. Rnk and SspA can functionally replace P.aeruginosa alginate regulatory gene algR2. (212 aa)
putADelta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (1320 aa)
kdpAPotassium translocating ATPase, subunit A; Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit binds and transports the potassium across the cytoplasmic membrane. (557 aa)
kdpBPotassium translocating ATPase, subunit B; Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit is responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (682 aa)
kdpCPotassium translocating ATPase, subunit C; Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit acts as a catalytic chaperone that increases the ATP-binding affinity of the ATP- hydrolyzing subunit KdpB by the formation of a transient KdpB/KdpC/ATP ternary complex. (190 aa)
kdpDFused sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with KdpE: signal sensing protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. KdpD may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates KdpE in response to environmental signals. (894 aa)
kdpEResponse regulator in two-component regulatory system with KdpD; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. (225 aa)
glsAPutative glutaminase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (310 aa)
cynSCyanate aminohydrolase; Catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. (156 aa)
clcAH(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges two chloride ions for 1 proton. Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly-directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response. (473 aa)
speESpermidine synthase (putrescine aminopropyltransferase); Involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines which play a significant role in the structural and functional organization in the chromoid of E.coli by compacting DNA and neutralizing negative charges. Catalyzes the irreversible transfer (ping-pong mechanism) of a propylamine group from the amino donor S-adenosylmethioninamine (decarboxy-AdoMet) to putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) to yield spermidine. Cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane) and spermidine can also be used as the propylamine acceptor. (288 aa)
ispH4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, 4Fe-4S protein; Catalyzes the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP) into a mixture of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Acts in the terminal step of the DOXP/MEP pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. In vitro, can also hydrate acetylenes to aldehydes and ketones via anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov addition. Belongs to the IspH family. (316 aa)
fmt10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) N-formyltransferase; Attaches a formyl group to the free amino group of methionyl- tRNA(fMet). The formyl group appears to play a dual role in the initiator identity of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA by promoting its recognition by IF2 and preventing the misappropriation of this tRNA by the elongation apparatus. Belongs to the Fmt family. (315 aa)
rsmB16S rRNA m(5)C967 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 967 (m5C967) of 16S rRNA. (429 aa)
yhfAOsmC family protein. (134 aa)
nudEAdenosine nucleotide hydrolase; Active on adenosine(5')triphospho(5')adenosine (Ap3A), ADP- ribose, NADH, adenosine(5')diphospho(5')adenosine (Ap2A); Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. (186 aa)
arsRArsenical resistance operon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional repressor for the arsEFG operon. ArsE is a trans-acting regulatory protein which controls its own expression. The repressive effect of ArsE is alleviated by oxyions of +III oxidation state of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as arsenate (As(V)) (By similarity). (117 aa)
slpOuter membrane lipoprotein; The induction of Slp may help to stabilize the outer membrane during carbon starvation and stationary phase. (188 aa)
gadEGad regulon transcriptional activator; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci. (175 aa)
gadWTranscriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa)
gadXAcid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa)
gadAGlutamate decarboxylase A, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. (466 aa)
trkHPotassium transporter; Low-affinity potassium transport system. Interacts with Trk system potassium uptake protein TrkA. Requires TrkE (sapD) for transport activity, 20% more uptake is seen with both SapD and SapF. Transport in the absence of SapD and SapF is dependent on a high membrane potential and a high cytoplasmic ATP concentration, suggesting this protein may be able to interact with other ATP-binding proteins. Can transport potassium and rubidium. (483 aa)
yihACell division GTP-binding protein; Necessary for normal cell division and for the maintenance of normal septation. Depletion of this protein leads to a severe reduction in growth rate and to extensive filamentation, with a block beyond the stage of segregation. Essential for bacteria survival. Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngB GTPase family. (210 aa)
adiCArginine:agmatine antiporter; Major component of the acid-resistance (AR) system allowing enteric pathogens to survive the acidic environment in the stomach (By similarity). Exchanges extracellular arginine for its intracellular decarboxylation product agmatine (Agm) thereby expelling intracellular protons. (445 aa)
cysQ3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase; Converts adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) to AMP. May also convert adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS). Has 10000-fold lower activity towards inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins(1,4)P2); Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily. CysQ family. (246 aa)
kdpFPotassium ion accessory transporter subunit; Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit may be involved in stabilization of the complex. (29 aa)
clsACardiolipin synthase 1; Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol. (486 aa)
hnsGlobal DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS; A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression (silencing). Also involved in bacterial chromosome organization and compaction. H-NS binds tightly to AT-rich dsDNA and inhibits transcription. Binds upstream and downstream of initiating RNA polymerase, trapping it in a loop and preventing transcription. Binds to hundreds of sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Many of these loci were horizontally transferred (HTG); this offers the selectiv [...] (137 aa)
ycgLUPF0745 family protein. (97 aa)
pntBPyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, beta subunit; The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane; Belongs to the PNT beta subunit family. (462 aa)
ydgIPutative arginine/ornithine antiporter transporter; Catalyzes an electroneutral exchange between arginine and ornithine to allow high-efficiency energy conversion in the arginine deiminase pathway; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Basic amino acid/polyamine antiporter (APA) (TC 2.A.3.2) family. (460 aa)
osmCLipoyl-dependent Cys-based peroxidase, hydroperoxide resistance; Preferentially metabolizes organic hydroperoxides over inorganic hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the OsmC/Ohr family. (143 aa)
gadCGlutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter; Involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Imports glutamate inside the cell while simultaneously exporting to the periplasm the GABA produced by GadA and GadB. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Glutamate:GABA [...] (511 aa)
lysRTranscriptional activator of lysA; This protein activates the transcription of the lysA gene encoding diaminopimelate decarboxylase. LysR is also a negative regulator of its own expression; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (311 aa)
atoCRegulatory protein AtoC; Member of the two-component regulatory system AtoS/AtoC. In the presence of acetoacetate, AtoS/AtoC stimulates the expression of the atoDAEB operon, leading to short chain fatty acid catabolism and activation of the poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthetic pathway. Also induces the operon in response to spermidine. Involved in the regulation of motility and chemotaxis, via transcriptional induction of the flagellar regulon. AtoC acts by binding directly to the promoter region of the target genes. In addition to its role as a transcriptional regulator, fun [...] (461 aa)
speBAgmatinase; Catalyzes the formation of putrescine from agmatine. (306 aa)
yggSUPF0001 family protein, PLP-binding; Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which is involved in PLP homeostasis. May have a carrier function to deliver PLP to the target enzymes or a protective function so that PLP does not inactivate essential lysines in proteins. Does not have amino acid racemase activity. (234 aa)
yggTConserved hypothetical integral membrane protein. (188 aa)
yggUUPF0235 family protein; Belongs to the UPF0235 family. (96 aa)
arcBAerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576. (778 aa)
tehAPotassium-tellurite ethidium and proflavin transporter; Responsible for potassium tellurite resistance when present in high copy number. Ion channel involved in potassium tellurite resistance (By similarity). Otherwise, phenotypically silent. Belongs to the tellurite-resistance/dicarboxylate transporter (TDT) family. (330 aa)
trkGRac prophage; Low-affinity potassium transport system. Interacts with Trk system potassium uptake protein TrkA. Requires TrkE (sapD) for maximal transport activity, low activity is seen in its absence; no further stimulation is seen with SapF. Transport in the absence of SapD is dependent on a high membrane potential and a high cytoplasmic ATP concentration, suggesting this protein may be able to interact with other ATP-binding proteins. Can transport potassium and rubidium. (485 aa)
sapDAntimicrobial peptide ABC transporter ATPase; Part of a putrescine export transport system, does not play a role in resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Stimulates K(+)-uptake proteins TrkG and TrkH to import K(+), may act via ATP-binding rather than ATP hydrolysis. (330 aa)
kchVoltage-gated potassium channel; K(+)-specific ion channel. May play a role in the defense against osmotic shock. (417 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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