STRINGSTRING
glnG glnG lpd lpd glnD glnD ldcC ldcC rnhA rnhA codB codB codA codA yaiE yaiE glnK glnK amtB amtB gltA gltA sucA sucA sucB sucB lrp lrp icd icd patD patD fumC fumC gdhA gdhA yeaE yeaE cdd cdd nupC nupC lhgO lhgO rpoD rpoD patA patA rpoN rpoN gltB gltB gltD gltD crp crp pck pck cyaA cyaA udp udp glnL glnL glnA glnA ppc ppc
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
glnGDNA-binding transcriptional regulator NtrC; Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Phosphorylated NtrC binds directly to DNA and stimulates the formation of open promoter-sigma54-RNA polymerase complexes. Activates transcription of many genes and operons whose products minimize the slowing of growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions, including genes coding for glutamine synthetase (glnA), transporters, amino acid permeases and catabolic enzymes. (469 aa)
lpdDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. (474 aa)
glnDUridylyltransferase; Modifies, by uridylylation and deuridylylation, the PII regulatory proteins GlnB and GlnK, in response to the nitrogen status of the cell that GlnD senses through the glutamine level. Under low glutamine levels, catalyzes the conversion of the PII proteins and UTP to PII-UMP and PPi, while under higher glutamine levels, GlnD hydrolyzes PII-UMP to PII and UMP (deuridylylation). Thus, controls uridylylation state and activity of the PII proteins, and plays an important role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and metabolism. (890 aa)
ldcCLysine decarboxylase 2, constitutive; Plays a role in lysine utilization by acting as a lysine decarboxylase. (713 aa)
rnhARibonuclease HI, degrades RNA of DNA-RNA hybrids; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. RNase H participates in DNA replication; it helps to specify the origin of genomic replication by suppressing initiation at origins other than the oriC locus; along with the 5'-3' exonuclease of pol1, it removes RNA primers from the Okazaki fragments of lagging strand synthesis; and it defines the origin of replication for ColE1-type plasmids by specific cleavage of an RNA preprimer. (155 aa)
codBCytosine transporter; Required for cytosine transport into the cell; Belongs to the purine-cytosine permease (2.A.39) family. (419 aa)
codACytosine/isoguanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil. Is involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, which allows the cell to utilize cytosine for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Is also able to catalyze deamination of isoguanine, a mutagenic oxidation product of adenine in DNA, and of isocytosine. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5FU); this activity allows the formation of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent from a non-cytotoxic precursor. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases supe [...] (427 aa)
yaiEUPF0345 family protein; Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of diverse nucleosides, yielding D-ribose 1-phosphate and the respective free bases. Can use uridine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, inosine and xanthosine as substrates. Also catalyzes the reverse reactions. Is not able to produce D-ribose 1-phosphate from D-ribose and phosphate. (94 aa)
glnKNitrogen assimilation regulatory protein for GlnL, GlnE, and AmtB; P-II indirectly controls the transcription of the glutamine synthetase gene (glnA). P-II prevents NR-II-catalyzed conversion of NR- I to NR-I-phosphate, the transcriptional activator of GlnA. When P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, these events are reversed. When the ratio of Gln to 2-ketoglutarate decreases, P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, which causes the deadenylation of glutamine synthetase by GlnE, so activating the enzyme (By similarity); Belongs to the P(II) protein family. (112 aa)
amtBAmmonium transporter; Involved in the uptake of ammonia; Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family. (428 aa)
gltACitrate synthase; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (427 aa)
sucA2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase, thiamine triphosphate-binding; E1 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex which catalyzes the decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, the first step in the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). (933 aa)
sucBDihydrolipoyltranssuccinase; E2 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex which catalyzes the second step in the conversion of 2- oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). (405 aa)
lrpLeucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes. (164 aa)
icdIsocitrate dehydrogenase, specific for NADP+; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (416 aa)
patDGamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation 4-aminobutanal (gamma- aminobutyraldehyde) to 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA). This is the second step in one of two pathways for putrescine degradation, where putrescine is converted into 4-aminobutanoate via 4-aminobutanal, which allows E.coli to grow on putrescine as the sole nitrogen source. Also functions as a 5-aminopentanal dehydrogenase in a a L-lysine degradation pathway to succinate that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. Can also oxidize n-alkyl medium-chain aldehydes, bu [...] (474 aa)
fumCFumarate hydratase (fumarase C),aerobic Class II; Involved in the TCA cycle. FumC seems to be a backup enzyme for FumA under conditions of iron limitation and oxidative stress. Catalyzes the stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate. Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily. (467 aa)
gdhAGlutamate dehydrogenase, NADP-specific; Catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (447 aa)
yeaEAldo-keto reductase, methylglyoxal to acetol, NADPH-dependent; Putative an aldehyde reductase. (284 aa)
cddCytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase; This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis. (294 aa)
nupCNucleoside (except guanosine) transporter; Transports nucleosides with a high affinity except guanosine and deoxyguanosine. Driven by a proton motive force. Transports cytidine, uridine, thymidine, adenosine and inosine. Can also transport xanthosine, but with a very low affinity. (400 aa)
lhgOL-2-hydroxyglutarate oxidase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) to alpha-ketoglutarate and couples to the respiratory chain by feeding electrons from the reaction into the membrane quinone pool. Functions in a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. (422 aa)
rpoDRNA polymerase, sigma 70 (sigma D) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth. Preferentially transcribes genes associated with fast growth, such as ribosomal operons, other protein-synthesis related genes, rRNA- and tRNA-encoding genes and prfB. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (613 aa)
patAPutrescine:2-oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase, PLP-dependent; Catalyzes the aminotransferase reaction from putrescine to 2- oxoglutarate, leading to glutamate and 4-aminobutanal, which spontaneously cyclizes to form 1-pyrroline. This is the first step in one of two pathways for putrescine degradation, where putrescine is converted into 4- aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA) via 4-aminobutanal, which allows E.coli to grow on putrescine as the sole nitrogen source. Also functions as a cadaverine transaminase in a a L-lysine degradation pathway to succinate that proceeds via cad [...] (459 aa)
rpoNRNA polymerase, sigma 54 (sigma N) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of enzymes involved in arginine catabolism. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for the receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein GlnG(NtrC). (477 aa)
gltBGlutamate synthase, large subunit; Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate into two molecules of L-glutamate. (1486 aa)
gltDGlutamate synthase, 4Fe-4S protein, small subunit; Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate into two molecules of L-glutamate. (472 aa)
crpcAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa)
pckPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [ATP]; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through direct phosphoryl transfer between the nucleoside triphosphate and OAA. Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family. (540 aa)
cyaAAdenylate cyclase; Catalyzes the formation of the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Its transcript is probably degraded by endoribonuclease LS (rnlA), decreasing cAMP levels and the negative regulator Crp-cAMP, which then induces its own transcription again. (848 aa)
udpUridine phosphorylase; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. (253 aa)
glnLSensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with GlnG; Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, NtrB autophosphorylates and transfers the phosphoryl group to NtrC. In the presence of nitrogen, acts as a phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates NtrC. (349 aa)
glnAGlutamine synthetase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. (469 aa)
ppcPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (883 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
Server load: low (18%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.