Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily.

Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress transcriptional regulator; Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto- [...]

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

Flagellar filament capping protein; Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end; Belongs to the FliD family.

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

Flagellar biosynthesis; repressor of class 3a and 3b operons (RflA activity); Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis.

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of the master biofilm regulator csgD. PdeR acts as a trigger enzyme that connects modules I and II. It inhibits DgcM and MlrA by direct interaction. Inhibition is relieved when PdeR binds and degrades c-di-GMP generated by [...]

Flagellar filament capping protein; Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end; Belongs to the FliD family.

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

Flagellar filament capping protein; Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end; Belongs to the FliD family.

Flagellar biosynthesis; repressor of class 3a and 3b operons (RflA activity); Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis.

Flagellar biosynthesis; repressor of class 3a and 3b operons (RflA activity); Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis.

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

Flagellar biosynthesis; repressor of class 3a and 3b operons (RflA activity); Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis.

Flagellar filament capping protein; Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end; Belongs to the FliD family.

cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of the master biofilm regulator csgD. PdeR acts as a trigger enzyme that connects modules I and II. It inhibits DgcM and MlrA by direct interaction. Inhibition is relieved when PdeR binds and degrades c-di-GMP generated by [...]

RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes.

Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily.

Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress transcriptional regulator; Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto- [...]

tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family.

tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family.

5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification at tRNA U34; NAD-binding protein involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA-cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family.

tRNA m(7)G46 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.

tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family.

tRNA mC32,mU32 2'-O-methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 2'O-methylated cytidine (Cm32) or 2'O-methylated uridine (Um32) at position 32 in tRNA. Can also methylate adenosine or guanosine, even though these nucleosides are rare or absent at position 32 in the anticodon loop of tRNA.

tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis bifunctional protein MnmC; Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. tRNA (mnm(5)s(2)U34)-methyltransferase family.

tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification at tRNA U34; NAD-binding protein involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA-cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA m(7)G46 methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.

tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34.

tRNA mC32,mU32 2'-O-methyltransferase, SAM-dependent; Catalyzes the formation of 2'O-methylated cytidine (Cm32) or 2'O-methylated uridine (Um32) at position 32 in tRNA. Can also methylate adenosine or guanosine, even though these nucleosides are rare or absent at position 32 in the anticodon loop of tRNA.