STRINGSTRING
glcD glcD pdhR pdhR fadE fadE gmhA gmhA lacZ lacZ paaX paaX gadC gadC gadB gadB yfcZ yfcZ fadL fadL yfdY yfdY lpxP lpxP rpoS rpoS glcB glcB glcG glcG glcC glcC glnE glnE yhcO yhcO gntR gntR gadW gadW gadX gadX gadA gadA lldP lldP lldR lldR lldD lldD
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
glcDGlycolate oxidase subunit, FAD-linked; Component of a complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Is required for E.coli to grow on glycolate as a sole source of carbon. Is also able to oxidize D-lactate ((R)-lactate) with a similar rate. Does not link directly to O(2), and 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as artificial electron acceptors in vitro, but the physiological molecule that functions as primary electron acceptor during glycolate oxidation is unknown ; Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (499 aa)
pdhRPyruvate dehydrogenase complex repressor; Transcriptional repressor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes aceEF and lpd. (254 aa)
fadEAcyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) to 2-enoyl-CoAs, the first step of the beta-oxidation cycle of fatty acid degradation. Is required for E.coli to utilize dodecanoate or oleate as the sole carbon and energy source for growth. (814 aa)
gmhAD-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the isomerization of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate in D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate; Belongs to the SIS family. GmhA subfamily. (192 aa)
lacZbeta-D-galactosidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (1024 aa)
paaXTranscriptional repressor of phenylacetic acid degradation paa operon, phenylacetyl-CoA inducer; Negative regulator of the paaZ and paaABCDEFGHIJK catabolic operons. Binds the consensus sequence 5'-WWTRTGATTCGYGWT-3'. Binding of PaaX is specifically inhibited by phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA). (316 aa)
gadCGlutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter; Involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Imports glutamate inside the cell while simultaneously exporting to the periplasm the GABA produced by GadA and GadB. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Glutamate:GABA [...] (511 aa)
gadBGlutamate decarboxylase B, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (466 aa)
yfcZUPF0381 family protein; Belongs to the UPF0381 family. (94 aa)
fadLLong-chain fatty acid outer membrane transporter; Involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the outer membrane. It is a receptor for the bacteriophage T2. FadL may form a specific channel; Belongs to the OmpP1/FadL family. (446 aa)
yfdYDUF2545 family putative inner membrane protein. (80 aa)
lpxPPalmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent acyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of palmitoleate from palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to Kdo(2)-lipid IV(A) to form Kdo(2)- (palmitoleoyl)-lipid IV(A). Required for the biosynthesis of a distinct molecular species of lipid A, which is present only in cells grown at low temperatures. It may confer a selective advantage to cells growing at lower temperatures by making the outer membrane a more effective barrier to harmful chemicals. (306 aa)
rpoSRNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa)
glcBMalate synthase G; Involved in the glycolate utilization. Catalyzes the condensation and subsequent hydrolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl- CoA) and glyoxylate to form malate and CoA. (723 aa)
glcGDUF336 family protein; Belongs to the GlcG family. (134 aa)
glcCGlycolate-inducible glc operon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional activator of the glcDEFGB operon which is associated with glycolate utilization, and encodes malate synthase G and the genes needed for glycolate oxidase activity. Also negatively regulates the transcription of its own gene. Glycolate acts as an effector, but GlcC can also use acetate as an alternative effector. (254 aa)
glnEFused deadenylyltransferase/adenylyltransferase for glutamine synthetase; Involved in the regulation of glutamine synthetase GlnA, a key enzyme in the process to assimilate ammonia. When cellular nitrogen levels are high, the C-terminal adenylyl transferase inactivates GlnA by covalent transfer of an adenylyl group from ATP to 'Tyr-398' of GlnA, thus reducing its activity. Conversely, when nitrogen levels are low, the N- terminal adenylyl removase (AR) activates GlnA by removing the adenylyl group by phosphorolysis, increasing its activity. The regulatory region of GlnE binds the signa [...] (946 aa)
yhcOPutative barnase inhibitor; Belongs to the barstar family. (90 aa)
gntRD-gluconate inducible gluconate regulon transcriptional repressor; Negative regulator for the gluconate utilization system GNT- I, the gntUKR operon. (331 aa)
gadWTranscriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa)
gadXAcid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa)
gadAGlutamate decarboxylase A, PLP-dependent; Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria. (466 aa)
lldPL-lactate permease; Transports L-lactate across the membrane. Can also transport D-lactate and glycolate. Seems to be driven by a proton motive force. (551 aa)
lldRDual role activator/repressor for lldPRD operon; May be a regulatory protein for the LCT genes. (258 aa)
lldDL-lactate dehydrogenase, FMN-linked; Catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate. Seems to be a primary dehydrogenase in the respiratory chain. To a lesser extent, can also oxidize DL-alpha-hydroxybutyrate, but not D-lactate. (396 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
Server load: low (28%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.