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leuA leuA aceE aceE aceF aceF lpd lpd accA accA gloB gloB mhpF mhpF ybiW ybiW poxB poxB pflB pflB ycbL ycbL yccX yccX ghrA ghrA adhE adhE pfo pfo ldhA ldhA aldA aldA maeA maeA fumC fumC fumA fumA gloA gloA ydhZ ydhZ pykF pykF ppsA ppsA pykA pykA hchA hchA dld dld mqo mqo atoB atoB ackA ackA pta pta accD accD eutE eutE eutD eutD maeB maeB yqeF yqeF yggD yggD glcB glcB tdcE tdcE mdh mdh accB accB accC accC pck pck ghrB ghrB aldB aldB lldD lldD pflD pflD ppc ppc aceB aceB acs acs fumB fumB frdD frdD frdC frdC frdB frdB frdA frdA
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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leuA2-isopropylmalate synthase; Catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3- hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate); Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 1 subfamily. (523 aa)
aceEPyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylase component E1, thiamine triphosphate-binding; Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). (887 aa)
aceFPyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyltransacetylase component E2; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (630 aa)
lpdDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. (474 aa)
accAacetyl-CoA carboxylase, carboxytransferase, alpha subunit; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. First, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the carboxyltransferase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. Belongs to the AccA family. (319 aa)
gloBHydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; Type II glyoxalase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of (R)-S- lactoylglutathione to (R)-lactate and glutathione. Is more efficient than the isozyme GloC, and plays a major contribution to methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification in E.coli. The two isoenzymes have additive effects and ensure maximal MG degradation. (251 aa)
mhpFacetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase II, NAD-binding; Catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl-CoA, using NAD(+) and coenzyme A. Is the final enzyme in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of 3-phenylpropanoate. Functions as a chaperone protein for folding of MhpE. (316 aa)
ybiWPutative pyruvate formate lyase; Probably shows dehydratase activity. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. (810 aa)
poxBPyruvate dehydrogenase, thiamine triphosphate-binding, FAD-binding; Pyruvate oxidase; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process and pyruvate catabolic process; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa)
pflBFormate acetyltransferase 1; Protein involved in anaerobic respiration and cellular amino acid catabolic process. (760 aa)
ycbLPutative metal-binding enzyme; Type II glyoxalase, isozyme of GloB, that hydrolyzes (R)-S- lactoylglutathione to (R)-lactate and glutathione. Plays a minor contribution to methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification in E.coli, compared to GloB. The two isoenzymes have additive effects and ensure maximal MG degradation. (215 aa)
yccXWeak acylphosphatase. (92 aa)
ghrAGlyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase A; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. Inactive towards 2-oxo-D-gluconate, 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate. Only D- and L-glycerate are involved in the oxidative activity with NADP. Activity with NAD is very low. (312 aa)
adhEAcetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]; This enzyme has three activities: ADH, ACDH, and PFL- deactivase. In aerobic conditions it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The PFL deactivase activity catalyzes the quenching of the pyruvate-formate-lyase catalyst in an iron, NAD, and CoA dependent reaction; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (891 aa)
pfoPyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase; Oxidoreductase required for the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to flavodoxin. (1174 aa)
ldhAFermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Fermentative lactate dehydrogenase; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (329 aa)
aldAAldehyde dehydrogenase A, NAD-linked; Acts on lactaldehyde as well as other aldehydes. (479 aa)
maeAMalate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating, NAD-requiring; NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme); Protein involved in gluconeogenesis. (565 aa)
fumCFumarate hydratase (fumarase C),aerobic Class II; Involved in the TCA cycle. FumC seems to be a backup enzyme for FumA under conditions of iron limitation and oxidative stress. Catalyzes the stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate. Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily. (467 aa)
fumAFumarate hydratase (fumarase A), aerobic Class I; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions as an aerobic enzyme in the direction of malate formation as part of the citric acid cycle. Accounts for about 80% of the fumarase activity when the bacteria grow aerobically. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity in vitro, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Can also catalyze the isomerization of enol- to keto-oxaloacetate. (548 aa)
gloAGlyoxalase I, Ni-dependent; Catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed spontaneously from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S- lactoylglutathione, which is then hydrolyzed by a type II glyoxalase (GloB or GloC). Is involved in methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification (Probable). Involved in resistance to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is the active component of household bleach and a powerful antimicrobial during the innate immune response. (135 aa)
ydhZUncharacterized protein; In vitro catalyzes the addition of water to fumarate, forming malate. Cannot catalyze the reverse reaction. Cannot use the cis-isomer maleate as substrate. (69 aa)
pykFPyruvate kinase I (formerly F), fructose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (470 aa)
ppsAPhosphoenolpyruvate synthase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. (792 aa)
pykAPyruvate kinase II, glucose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (480 aa)
hchAProtein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, [...] (283 aa)
dldD-lactate dehydrogenase, FAD-binding, NADH independent; Catalyzes the oxidation of D-lactate to pyruvate. Electrons derived from D-lactate oxidation are transferred to the ubiquinone/cytochrome electron transfer chain, where they may be used to provide energy for the active transport of a variety of amino acids and sugars across the membrane. (571 aa)
mqoMalate dehydrogenase, FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; Protein involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle. (548 aa)
atoBacetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; Protein involved in fatty acid oxidation. (394 aa)
ackAAcetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa)
ptaPhosphate acetyltransferase; Involved in acetate metabolism. Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetyl phosphate. The direction of the overall reaction changes depending on growth conditions. On minimal medium acetyl-CoA is generated. In rich medium acetyl-CoA is converted to acetate and allowing the cell to dump the excess of acetylation potential in exchange for energy in the form of ATP. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. (714 aa)
accDacetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta (carboxyltransferase) subunit; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA; Belongs to the AccD/PCCB family. (304 aa)
eutEAldehyde oxidoreductase, ethanolamine utilization protein; May act as an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that converts acetaldehyde into acetyl-CoA. (467 aa)
eutDPhosphate acetyltransferase; Ethanolamine utilization; homolog of Salmonella acetyl/butyryl P transferase; Protein involved in amine catabolic process. (338 aa)
maeBMalic enzyme: putative oxidoreductase/phosphotransacetylase; Putative multimodular enzyme; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the malic enzymes family. (759 aa)
yqeFShort chain acyltransferase; Putative acyltransferase; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (393 aa)
yggDMtlR family putative transcriptional repressor; In vitro catalyzes the addition of water to fumarate, forming malate. Cannot catalyze the reverse reaction. Cannot use the cis-isomer maleate as substrate; Belongs to the MtlR/FumE family. (169 aa)
glcBMalate synthase G; Involved in the glycolate utilization. Catalyzes the condensation and subsequent hydrolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl- CoA) and glyoxylate to form malate and CoA. (723 aa)
tdcEPyruvate formate-lyase 4/2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase; Catalyzes the cleavage of 2-ketobutyrate to propionyl-CoA and formate. It can also use pyruvate as substrate. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. PFL subfamily. (764 aa)
mdhMalate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)-binding; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (312 aa)
accBBiotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase; This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA. (156 aa)
accCacetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase subunit; This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA. (449 aa)
pckPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [ATP]; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through direct phosphoryl transfer between the nucleoside triphosphate and OAA. Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family. (540 aa)
ghrBGlyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase B; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. Can also reduce 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (25DKG) to 5-keto-D-gluconate (5KDG), 2- keto-D-gluconate (2KDG) to D-gluconate, and 2-keto-L-gulonate (2KLG) to L-idonate (IA), but it is not its physiological function. Inactive towards 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, 5-keto-D-gluconate, D- fructose and L-sorbose. Activity with NAD is very low; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GhrB subfamily. (324 aa)
aldBAldehyde dehydrogenase B; Catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidation of diverse aldehydes such as chloroacetaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde, mafosfamide, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Its preferred substrates are acetaldehyde and chloroacetaldehyde. (512 aa)
lldDL-lactate dehydrogenase, FMN-linked; Catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate. Seems to be a primary dehydrogenase in the respiratory chain. To a lesser extent, can also oxidize DL-alpha-hydroxybutyrate, but not D-lactate. (396 aa)
pflDPutative glycine radical domain-containing pyruvate formate-lyase; Probably shows dehydratase activity. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. (765 aa)
ppcPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (883 aa)
aceBMalate synthase A; Protein involved in glyoxylate cycle. (533 aa)
acsacetyl-CoA synthetase; Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Acs undergoes a two-step reaction. In the first half reaction, Acs combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA. (652 aa)
fumBAnaerobic class I fumarate hydratase (fumarase B); Catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to (S)-malate. Functions in the generation of fumarate for use as an anaerobic electron acceptor. To a lesser extent, also displays D-tartrate dehydratase activity, but is not able to convert (R)-malate, L-tartrate or meso-tartrate. Is required for anaerobic growth on D-tartrate. Belongs to the class-I fumarase family. (548 aa)
frdDFumarate reductase (anaerobic), membrane anchor subunit; Seems to be involved in the anchoring of the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane; Belongs to the FrdD family. (119 aa)
frdCFumarate reductase (anaerobic), membrane anchor subunit; Seems to be involved in the anchoring of the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. (131 aa)
frdBFumarate reductase (anaerobic), Fe-S subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. (244 aa)
frdAAnaerobic fumarate reductase catalytic and NAD/flavoprotein subunit; Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily. (602 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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