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| | epg-6 | Ectopic P granules protein 6; Component of the epg-6/atg-2 complex, which is involved in the generation of autophagosomes from omegasomes and in the distribution of atg-9 and atg-13 during the autophagy-mediated degradation of protein aggregates. Binds to phosphatidylinositols on preautophagosomes, which are early autophagic structures, to promote autophagosome formation. In particular, binds with high affinity to phosphatidylinositols including phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P), but more weakly to phosphatidylinositol 4- ph [...] (388 aa) |
| | vps-34 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Together with bec-1, mediates the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on intracellular vesicles and thereby regulates membrane trafficking. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport of mig-14. Involved in clearance of apoptotic cell corpses by phagosomes. Phagosome maturation requires two sequential and non-overlapping pulses of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) on the vesicle surface which mediates recr [...] (901 aa) |
| | lgg-3 | Ubiquitin-like protein atg-12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation (By similarity). Conjugation with atg-5 through a ubiquitin- like conjugating system involving also atg-7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and atg-10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function (By similarity). Most likely a component of an atg-5-lgg- 3-atg-16 complex that promotes autophagosome formation by associating with lgg-2, but not lgg-1, at the preautophagosomal membrane. Probably, as part of an atg-5-lgg- 3-atg-16 complex, required for lgg-1 lipidation; the comple [...] (118 aa) |
| | cdc-48.1 | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 1; ATP-dependent chaperone which probably uses the energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical force to unfold substrate proteins, disassemble protein complexes, and disaggregate protein aggregates. Can also prevent aggregation of unfolded proteins also in an ATP- independent manner. Targets polyubiquitinated proteins for proteasomal degradation by binding to 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Involved in the cytoplasmic elimination of misfolded proteins exported from the ER. This pathway, known as ERAD, prevents the act [...] (809 aa) |
| | C06G3.6 | ZZ-type domain-containing protein. (498 aa) |
| | dct-1 | NIP3 homolog; Initiates apoptosis in a BH3-independent mechanism possibly by recruiting ced-3 to mitochondria and other cytoplasmic membranes. Has a role in lifespan and tumor growth. Required for the induction of mitophagy under stress conditions. Belongs to the NIP3 family. (221 aa) |
| | lgg-1 | Protein lgg-1; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in the formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). When lipidated mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane fusion during autophagy. Recruits lipidated-lgg-2 to maturing autophagosomes. Acts in the aggrephagy pathway, which is the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, and preferentially interacts with autophagy proteins and substrates containing LIR motifs to mediate autophagosome formation and protein aggregate degradation. In particular, binds to components of the unc-51- [...] (123 aa) |
| | gop-1 | Protein CLEC16A homolog; Regulator of mitophagy. (892 aa) |
| | vet-2 | Very Early Transcript. (785 aa) |
| | C35E7.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (707 aa) |
| | C35E7.3 | Uncharacterized protein. (492 aa) |
| | C35E7.4 | Uncharacterized protein. (646 aa) |
| | C35E7.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (1262 aa) |
| | C35E7.6 | Uncharacterized protein. (400 aa) |
| | C36E6.2 | N_BRCA1_IG domain-containing protein. (239 aa) |
| | rab-1 | RAB family. (205 aa) |
| | cdc-48.2 | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 2; ATP-dependent chaperone which probably uses the energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical force to unfold substrate proteins, disassemble protein complexes, and disaggregate protein aggregates. However, able to prevent aggregation of unfolded proteins also in an ATP-independent manner. Targets polyubiquitinated proteins for proteasomal degradation by binding to 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Involved in the cytoplasmic elimination of misfolded proteins exported from the ER. This pathway, known as ERAD, prevents [...] (810 aa) |
| | epg-5 | Ectopic P granules protein 5; Involved in the maturation of autophagosomes into autolysosomes during starvation-induced autotrophy. Specifically, involved in the clearance of apoptotic cells by promoting the delivery of engulfed apoptotic cells to the lysosome. (1599 aa) |
| | atg-13 | Autophagy-related protein 13 homolog; Component of the unc-51/atg-13 complex required for autophagosome formation. Required for the degradation of germ cell specific P-granule components such as sepa-1 by autophagy in somatic cells. This ensures exclusive localization of the P-granules in germ cells. May function downstream of the let-363 (Tor) signaling pathway to mediate sepa-1 degradation. Plays a role in survival during limited food availability ; Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily. (443 aa) |
| | rab-39 | RAB family. (229 aa) |
| | atg-10 | Autophagy_act_C domain-containing protein. (157 aa) |
| | pink-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pink-1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, potentially by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins (By similarity). Plays a role in mitophagy. (641 aa) |
| | atg-16.1 | Autophagic-related protein 16.1; Most likely a component of the atg-5-atg-12-atg-16.1/atg-16.2 complex, which is recruited to the preautophagosomal membrane and associates with lgg-2 to promote autophagosome formation. Although its role in autophagosome formation may be distinct to the role of atg-16.2, it functions in a partially redundant manner with atg-16.2 to regulate autophagic processes. (578 aa) |
| | F13B9.1 | Protein transport protein sec16. (1632 aa) |
| | fis-2 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. (151 aa) |
| | alfa-1 | ALS/FTD Associated gene homolog. (734 aa) |
| | hpk-1 | Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase required in the somatic gonadal cells to regulate germline proliferation during larval development and in adulthood. Plays a role in the development/differentiation of gonadal distal tip cells. Required for normal lifespan in a pha-4 and mxl-2- dependent manner. Also contributes to survival following heat or oxidative stress. Prevents sumoylation and inactivation of heat shock transcription factor hsf-1 which enhances hsf-1-dependent transcriptional induction of chaperones in response to heat shock. Also required [...] (846 aa) |
| | rbg-1 | Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of a GTPase activating protein that has specificity for Rab3 subfamily. Rab3 proteins are involved in regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones. Specifically converts active Rab3-GTP to the inactive form Rab3-GDP (By similarity). (915 aa) |
| | tli-1 | ToLlIp homolog. (243 aa) |
| | vps-41 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport pathways. Believed to act in part as a core component of the putative HOPS endosomal tethering complex which is proposed to be involved in the rab-5-to-rab-7 endosome conversion probably implicating sand-1, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to rab-7 on the late endosomal membrane [...] (901 aa) |
| | emc-6 | EMC Endoplasmic Membrane protein Complex (Yeast EMC) homolog. (111 aa) |
| | epg-4 | Ectopic P granules protein 4; Involved in autophagy. Thought to act in autophagasome and omegasome formation. (315 aa) |
| | atg-18 | Autophagy-related protein 18; Component of the autophagy machinery that is recruited to phosphatidylinositols on preautophagosomal structures, which are early autophagic structures, to promote autophagosome formation, and the subsequent degradation and clearance of engulfed apoptotic cells and P- granules in somatic cells. In particular, binds with high affinity to phosphatidylinositols including phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P), and more weakly to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bis [...] (412 aa) |
| | fis-1 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. (143 aa) |
| | ceh-86 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (733 aa) |
| | F44F1.4 | Uncharacterized protein. (549 aa) |
| | F44F1.6 | Uncharacterized protein. (493 aa) |
| | vet-6 | Very Early Transcript. (843 aa) |
| | trpp-8 | TRansport Protein Particle. (1282 aa) |
| | F56C9.10 | Uncharacterized protein. (1031 aa) |
| | atg-16.2 | Autophagic-related protein 16.2; Most likely a component of the atg-5-atg-12-atg-16.1/atg-16.2 complex, which is recruited to the preautophagosomal membrane and associates with lgg-2 to promote autophagosome formation. Plays a role in the recruitment of lipidated lgg-1 probably to the autophagosome membrane to promote autophagosome formation. Furthermore, association with atg-5 is required for the nucleation of lgg-1 positive autophagosomes. Although its role in autophagosome formation may be distinct to the role of atg-16.2, it functions in a partially redundant manner with atg-16.1 t [...] (534 aa) |
| | pdr-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins; Belongs to the RBR family. Parkin subfamily. (386 aa) |
| | sepa-1 | Protein sepa-1; Adapter protein that connects P-granules in somatic cells with the autophagic machinery. Association with other adapters such as epg-2 and P-granule components such as pgl-3 is required for the accumulation and degradation of P-granules by autophagy in somatic cells. This ensures exclusive localization of the P-granules in germ cells. (702 aa) |
| | atg-2 | Autophagy-related protein 2; Component of the epg-6/atg-2 complex, which is involved in the generation of autophagosomes from omegasomes and in the distribution of atg-9 and atg-13 during the autophagy-mediated degradation of protein aggregates. Involved in autophagy-mediated degradation of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins in lysosomes, which is essential for maintaining nucleotide homeostasis. (2290 aa) |
| | atg-7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for autophagy. (647 aa) |
| | allo-1 | Allophagy receptor allo-1; Autophagy receptor, which is required for allophagy, an autophagic process in which paternal organelles, including mitochondria and membranous organelles, are degraded in early embryos. After fertilization, recruited to ubiquitin-modified paternal organelles and is required for the formation of autophagosomes around the paternal organelles. Also plays a role in the regulation of autophagy in germ cells. (402 aa) |
| | ikke-1 | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase epsilon subunit homolog 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, which plays a role in regulating allophagy, an autophagic process in which paternal organelles, including mitochondria and membranous organelles, are degraded in embryos. Phosphorylates the allophagy receptor allo-1, which is required for allophagy. (820 aa) |
| | smcr-8 | Guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr-8; Part of a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy; Belongs to the SMCR8 family. (511 aa) |
| | T04D3.1 | Uncharacterized protein. (454 aa) |
| | sdz-30 | SKN-1 Dependent Zygotic transcript. (544 aa) |
| | fndc-1 | FUN14 domain-containing protein fndc-1; Mitophagy receptor which plays a role in paternal mitochondria degradation in embryos after the two-cell stage. (138 aa) |
| | ced-9 | Apoptosis regulator ced-9; Plays a major role in programmed cell death (PCD, apoptosis). egl-1 binds to and directly inhibits the activity of ced-9, releasing the cell death activator ced-4 from a ced-9/ced-4 containing protein complex and allowing ced-4 to activate the cell-killing caspase ced-3. During larval development, required for the elimination of transient presynaptic components downstream of egl-1 and upstream of ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic pathway. (280 aa) |
| | T07F12.4 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (329 aa) |
| | epg-7 | ATG11 domain-containing protein. (1338 aa) |
| | vps-39 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 39 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways (By similarity). Believed to act in part as a component of the putative HOPS endosomal tethering complex which is proposed to be involved in the rab-5-to-rab-7 endosome conversion probably implicating sand-1, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to rab-7 on th [...] (926 aa) |
| | sqst-1 | SeQueSTosome related. (693 aa) |
| | sqst-5 | Protein ver-2; May be involved, downstream of pvf-1, in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensillum in the male tail. (192 aa) |
| | bec-1 | Beclin homolog; Regulates autophagy. Together with phosphatidyl-3-phosphate kinase vps-34, acts as a core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns3P), thereby regulating membrane trafficking. In association with sorf-1 and sorf-2, negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate in early endosomes to allow for the conversion to late endosomes. Involved in the clearance of engulfed apoptotic cell corpses. Together with ced-9, negatively regulates somatic and germline apoptosis. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde tra [...] (375 aa) |
| | atg-9 | Autophagy-related protein 9; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Belongs to the ATG9 family. (921 aa) |
| | phb-2 | Mitochondrial prohibitin complex protein 2; PHB proteins are essential during embryonic development and are required for somatic and germline differentiation in the larval gonad. A deficiency in PHB proteins results in altered mitochondrial biogenesis in body wall muscle cells. (294 aa) |
| | sqst-3 | ZZ-type domain-containing protein. (229 aa) |
| | vps-18 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the rab-5-to-rab-7 endosome conversion probably implicating sand-1, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion (By similarity). The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to [...] (1026 aa) |
| | Y106G6A.1 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (430 aa) |
| | epg-8 | Ectopic P Granules. (428 aa) |
| | sqst-4 | ZZ-type domain-containing protein. (177 aa) |
| | epg-3 | Ectopic P granules protein 3; Involved in autophagy. Thought to act in autophagasome and omegasome formation. (458 aa) |
| | epg-2 | Ectopic P granules protein 2; Involved in autophagy. Thought to act as an adapter protein that brings PGL granules to autophagic structures containing lgg-1. Association with other adapters such as sepa-1 is required for the accumulation and degradation of germ cell specific P-granules by autophagy in somatic cells. This ensures exclusive localization of the P-granules in germ cells. May also play a role in the removal of sepa-1 from somatic cells. (690 aa) |
| | Y39G8B.5 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (726 aa) |
| | sqst-2 | ZZ-type domain-containing protein. (242 aa) |
| | snx-14 | PXA domain-containing protein. (971 aa) |
| | cup-14 | RUN domain-containing protein. (955 aa) |
| | atg-3 | Autophagy-related protein 3. (305 aa) |
| | vti-1 | t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein. (224 aa) |
| | unc-51 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase unc-51; Protein kinase important for axonal elongation and axonal guidance. Functions in the CAN axons to direct both anterior and posterior migrations. Phosphorylates both unc-14 and vab-8. Component of the unc-51/atg-13 complex that is probably recruited by lgg-1 to preautophagosomes and is required for autophagosome formation. Interaction with autophagy related proteins such as atg-13 links it to the autophagy machinery to in turn promote P-granule degradation in somatic cells. Plays a role in mitophagy during limited food availability. Regulates cell [...] (856 aa) |
| | rab-19 | RAB family. (210 aa) |
| | epg-9 | Ectopic P Granules. (260 aa) |
| | Y71F9AR.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (244 aa) |
| | atg-5 | Autophagy-related protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation (By similarity). Conjugation with lgg-3/ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving atg-7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and atg-10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function (By similarity). Most likely a component of an atg-5-lgg-3-atg-16 complex that promotes autophagosome formation by associating with lgg-2, but not lgg-1, at the preautophagosomal membrane. Probably, as part of an atg-5-lgg-3-atg-16 complex, required for lgg-1 lipidation; the complex acts as an E3-like enzym [...] (275 aa) |
| | atg-4.1 | Cysteine protease atg-4.1; Cysteine protease required for autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins lgg-1, to reveal a C-terminal glycine (Probable). Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy (Probable). Its cleavage activity is functionally redundant to atg-4.2, but it cleaves lgg-1 precursors more efficiently than atg-4.2 (Probable). Acts redundantly with atg-4.2 to promote the lgg-1 delipidation to release the protein fro [...] (481 aa) |
| | ubxn-2 | UBX domain-containing protein 2; Ubiquitin-binding protein which acts as an adapter for ATPase cdc-48.1 and/or cdc-48.2, conferring substrate specificity. Together with ubxn-2 and ubxn-3, plays a role in hermaphrodite spermatogenesis probably by promoting the degradation of sex determination terminal factor tra-1. Probably in association with ATPase cdc-48.1 or/and cdc-48.2, regulates the centrosomal levels of kinase air-1 levels during mitotic progression by promoting air-1 removal from centrosomes in prophase. Also, regulates spindle orientation in the one-cell embryo by controlling [...] (301 aa) |
| | ZK1053.3 | Uncharacterized protein. (795 aa) |
| | ZK1053.4 | Uncharacterized protein. (701 aa) |
| | sec-16 | Protein transport protein Sec16. (1232 aa) |
| | lgg-2 | Protein lgg-2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in the formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). When lipidated mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane fusion. Less effective at promoting membrane fusion than lgg-1. Acts upstream of the autophagy protein epg-5 in the aggrephagy pathway, which is the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, and preferentially interacts with autophagy proteins and substrates containing LIR motifs to mediate autophagosome formation and protein aggregate degradation. In particular binds to [...] (142 aa) |
| | atg-4.2 | Cysteine protease atg-4.2; Cysteine protease required for autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins lgg-1, to reveal a C-terminal glycine (Probable). Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy (Probable). Its cleavage activity is functionally redundant to atg-4.1, but it cleaves lgg-1 precursors less efficiently than atg-4.1 (Probable). In contrast to atg-4.1, plays a more significant role in the later phases of autophagy and [...] (521 aa) |
| | vps-15 | Related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor. (1354 aa) |
