STRINGSTRING
unc-32 unc-32 jnk-1 jnk-1 dyn-1 dyn-1 clp-1 clp-1 ceh-34 ceh-34 dct-1 dct-1 ces-2 ces-2 rps-3 rps-3 lgg-1 lgg-1 unc-11 unc-11 ced-4 ced-4 pal-1 pal-1 ced-7 ced-7 ced-3 ced-3 eya-1 eya-1 unc-104 unc-104 toe-2 toe-2 wdr-23 wdr-23 cul-1 cul-1 tir-1 tir-1 vha-12 vha-12 egl-1 egl-1 snt-1 snt-1 ned-8 ned-8 skr-1 skr-1 vha-10 vha-10 ced-6 ced-6 unc-26 unc-26 dre-1 dre-1 unc-68 unc-68 smf-1 smf-1 dapk-1 dapk-1 hlh-2 hlh-2 unc-116 unc-116 ced-13 ced-13 gst-1 gst-1 cbp-1 cbp-1 daf-16 daf-16 dpy-23 dpy-23 unc-57 unc-57 eif-3.K eif-3.K wts-1 wts-1 dat-1 dat-1 hlh-3 hlh-3 T24D5.4 T24D5.4 ant-1.1 ant-1.1 pig-1 pig-1 rme-1 rme-1 spe-5 spe-5 unc-3 unc-3 sptf-3 sptf-3 tra-1 tra-1 ced-1 ced-1 csp-3 csp-3 csp-1 csp-1 eel-1 eel-1 csp-2 csp-2
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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unc-32Probable V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a; Required for assembly and activity of the vacuolar ATPase. Potential role in differential targeting and regulation of the enzyme for a specific organelle (Probable). Regulates the size of gut granules during embryonic development. (905 aa)
jnk-1Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa)
dyn-1Dynamin; Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Most probably involved in vesicular trafficking processes, in particular endocytosis (By similarity). Required for coelomocyte endocytosis. Involved in apoptotic cell phagocytosis. Required for recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase piki-1 to phagosomes. May play a role in rab-5 recruitment to cell-corpses-containing phagosomes but not to endosomes. Required for embryonic and larval development. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase supe [...] (838 aa)
clp-1Calpain clp-1; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates (By similarity). Required for assembly and maintenance of integrin attachment complexes which are essential for maintenance of adult muscle. Proteolytic activity is activated in response to increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels during cell degeneration and promotes necrotic cell death. (780 aa)
ceh-34Homeobox protein ceh-34; Acts as a transcription regulator. Binds to the cis-regulatory element of proapoptotic factor egl-1 gene and together with eya-1 activates egl-1 expression to promote motor neuron M4 sister cell apoptosis. Also promotes apoptosis of I1 pharyngeal neuron sister cell. Together with eya- 1, required to specify the coelomocyte fate in embryonic and postembryonic precursors. Belongs to the SIX/Sine oculis homeobox family. (256 aa)
dct-1NIP3 homolog; Initiates apoptosis in a BH3-independent mechanism possibly by recruiting ced-3 to mitochondria and other cytoplasmic membranes. Has a role in lifespan and tumor growth. Required for the induction of mitophagy under stress conditions. Belongs to the NIP3 family. (221 aa)
ces-2Cell death specification protein 2; Required to activate programmed cell death in the sister cells of the serotoninergic neurosecretory motor (NSM) neurons. Negatively regulates the activity of ces-1 which in turn negatively regulates the activities of cell-killing genes. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RTTACGTAAY-3'; Belongs to the bZIP family. (211 aa)
rps-340S ribosomal protein S3; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family. (247 aa)
lgg-1Protein lgg-1; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in the formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). When lipidated mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane fusion during autophagy. Recruits lipidated-lgg-2 to maturing autophagosomes. Acts in the aggrephagy pathway, which is the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, and preferentially interacts with autophagy proteins and substrates containing LIR motifs to mediate autophagosome formation and protein aggregate degradation. In particular, binds to components of the unc-51- [...] (123 aa)
unc-11Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein unc-11; Assembly protein recruiting clathrin and adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) to cell membranes at sites of coated-pit formation and clathrin-vesicle assembly. May be required to determine the amount of membrane to be recycled, possibly by regulating the size of the clathrin cage. Involved in AP2-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. Required for the efficient targeting of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin. Belongs to the PICALM/SNAP91 family. (657 aa)
ced-4Cell death protein 4; Component of the egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic signaling cascade required for the initiation of programmed cell death in cells fated to die during embryonic and postembryonic development. During oogenesis, required for germline apoptosis downstream of ced-9 and upstream of ced-3 but independently of egl-1. May regulate germline apoptosis in response to DNA damage, probably downstream of let-60/ras and mpk-1 pathway. Regulates CEP neuron apoptosis in response to high Al(3+) levels. During male tail morphogenesis, promotes apoptosis of the tail-spike cell [...] (571 aa)
pal-1Homeobox protein pal-1; Transcriptional activator. Interacts with promoter regions for tbx-8.9, tbx-9, elt-1, hnd-1, scrt-1, and vab-7 genes. Binds the sequence ATTTATGAC. Binds to the enhancer region of the hlh-1 gene promoter during embryonic body wall muscle development. Activates the gene for mab-5 in embryo development. Necessary for vab-7 expression in C blastomeres in the posterior of embryos. Required for posterior V6 neuroectoblast cell fate specification during postembryonic neurogenesis (patterning) which generates the characteristic ray lineage during male tail development. [...] (270 aa)
ced-7ABC transporter ced-7; Functions in the engulfment of cell corpses during embryonic programmed cell death to translocate molecules that mediate homotypic adhesion between cell surfaces of the dying and engulfing cells. (1758 aa)
ced-3Cell death protein 3 subunit p13; Acts as a cysteine protease in controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis) by proteolytically activating or inactivating a wide range of substrates. Component of the egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic signaling cascade required for the initiation of programmed cell death in cells fated to die during embryonic and postembryonic development. During oogenesis, required for germline apoptosis downstream of ced-9 and ced-4 but independently of egl-1. By cleaving and activating ced-8, promotes phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of apoptotic ce [...] (503 aa)
eya-1Eyes absent homolog 1; Tyrosine protein phosphatase (By similarity). Acts probably as a transcription regulator in the embryonic and postembryonic development of several tissues including pharynx, vulva and gonads. Required for the development of anterior tissues during late embryogenesis. Together with ceh-34, required to specify the coelomocyte fate in embryonic and postembryonic precursors. In the anterior part of the embryo, prevents apoptosis in cells that are not fated to die. Together with ceh-34 activates proapoptotic factor egl-1 expression to promote motor neuron M4 sister ce [...] (503 aa)
unc-104Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa)
toe-2Target Of ERK kinase MPK-1. (621 aa)
wdr-23DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 11 homolog; Involved in regulation of lifespan. Required for dopaminergic CEP neuron degeneration in response to Mn(2+). (571 aa)
cul-1Cullin-1; Probable core component of multiple cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Required for developmentally programmed transitions from the G1 phase of the cell cycle to the G0 phase or the apoptotic pathway. (780 aa)
tir-1NAD(+) hydrolase tir-1; NAD(+) hydrolase, which plays a key role in non-apoptotic cell death by regulating NAD(+) metabolism. In response to stress, homooligomerizes and catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage promoting non-apoptotic neuronal cell death. In males, involved in non-apoptotic death of the linker cell which guides gonad elongation during larval development. Required for both innate immune response and specification of AWC(OFF) neuron. During late embryogenesis, it. acts downstream of CAMKII (unc-43) to regulate specification [...] (984 aa)
vha-12Probable V-type proton ATPase subunit B; Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells (By similarity). Required for necrotic cell death and epidermal cell fusion. (491 aa)
egl-1Programmed cell death activator egl-1; Plays a major role in programmed cell death (PCD or apoptosis) by negatively regulating ced-9. Binds to and directly inhibits the activity of ced-9, releasing the cell death activator ced-4 from a ced- 9/ced-4 containing protein complex and allowing ced-4 to activate the cell-killing caspase ced-3. Required to activate programmed cell death in the sister cells of the serotonergic neurosecretory motor (NSM) neurons during embryogenesis. Required to activate programmed cell death in the sister cells of the M4 motor neuron and I1 pharyngeal neuron du [...] (106 aa)
snt-1Synaptotagmin-1; May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone (By similarity). Involved in necrotic cell death. (443 aa)
ned-8NEDD8; Ubiquitin-like protein which plays an important role in cell cycle control and embryogenesis. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex uba-3-ula-1 and linkage to the E2 enzyme ubc-12. Attachment of ned-8 to cullins activates their associated E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and thus promotes polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclins and other regulatory proteins. (77 aa)
skr-1Skp1-related protein; Probable essential component of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulates cell proliferation during embryonic and larval development. Involved in synapse elimination in early synapse development. May negatively regulate the apoptotic activity of cep-1 in response to genotoxic stress. Plays a role in sex determination. (176 aa)
vha-10Probable V-type proton ATPase subunit G; Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (126 aa)
ced-6Cell death protein 6; May function as an adapter protein in a pathway that mediates recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during normal development. Promotes engulfment of cells at both early and late stages of apoptosis. Required for actin reorganization around apoptotic cells. Belongs to the ced-6 family. (492 aa)
unc-26Synaptojanin; Probable inositol 5-phosphatase which regulates synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis; In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family. (1119 aa)
dre-1F-box protein dre-1; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins including blmp-1. Heterochronic protein which is required for the timing of gonad development and epidermal seam cell differentiation. Regulates tail-spike cell death through inhibition of the apoptosis regulator ced-9. (1022 aa)
unc-68Uncharacterized protein. (5202 aa)
smf-1NRAMP-like transporter smf-1; Probable divalent metal ion transporter which regulates Mn(2+) uptake; Belongs to the NRAMP family. (562 aa)
dapk-1Death-associated protein kinase dapk-1; Negative regulator of epidermal barrier repair and innate immune responses to wounding. The role in epidermal tissue integrity and wound healing is established through the inhibition of epidermal microtubule stability, possibly via the negative regulation of the microtubule minus-end binding protein ptrn-1. In epidermis, prevents expression of specific unc-44 isoforms probably by promoting nuclear localization of pinn-1, which in turn may affect sydn-1-ssup-72-mediated regulation of alternative polyadenylation of unc-44 mRNA. Appears to act downs [...] (1425 aa)
hlh-2BHLH domain-containing protein. (399 aa)
unc-116Kinesin heavy chain; Microtubule-dependent motor protein required for organelle transport. Plays a role in endosome transport. Required for the transport of mitochondria along the axon of motor neurons. Involved in the nuclear migration of hyp7 hypodermal precursor cells. Required for the formation of dendritic branches of PVD sensory neurons. In non-ciliated neurons such as the PVD and PHC neurons, required for the organization of minus-end out microtubules in dendrites. Involved in the localization of unc-33 to neurites. (815 aa)
ced-13Uncharacterized protein. (98 aa)
gst-1Glutathione S-transferase P; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles (By similarity). Prevents dopaminergic CEP neuron degeneration in response to Mn(2+). (208 aa)
cbp-1Protein cbp-1; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). May prevent DNA damage-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cep-1-dependent transcription activation of the programmed cell death activator egl-1. (2017 aa)
daf-16Forkhead box protein O; Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock and oxidative stress responses, and dauer formation. Longevity signaling predominantly arises from expression in the intestine. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration by association with ftt-2. Inhibition is required for the carbon [...] (541 aa)
dpy-23AP-2 complex subunit mu; Component of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles (By similarity). Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration (By similarity). AP50 is a subunit of the plasma membrane adaptor (By similarity). Essential wnt/egl-20 signaling protein that functions in wnt/egl-20-producing cells. Required for the AP-2 complex-mediated endocytosis of membrane proteins including wntless homolog mig-14 in egl-20-producing cells. During [...] (441 aa)
unc-57Endophilin-A homolog; Involved in synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling in neurons probably by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. By controlling SV endocytosis, regulates the rate of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at neuromuscular junctions and thus locomotion. In a similar manner, involved in necrotic neuronal cell death induced by abnormal hyperactivation of ion channels. Plays a minor role in responses to mechanical stimuli. Plays a minor role in unc- 26/synaptojanin localization to synapses. (381 aa)
eif-3.KEukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K; Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. (240 aa)
wts-1Serine/threonine-protein kinase WARTS homolog; Phosphorylates yap-1 which may negatively regulate yap-1 nuclear localization. Plays an essential role in larval development. Regulates growth, the formation of gut granules, lifespan and cell and body sizes probably in synergy with the TGF-beta sma/mab pathway. Does not appear to regulate apoptosis and proliferation. In addition, may synergize with the TGF-beta daf-7 dauer pathway to regulate entry into the dauer stage. Maintains the cellular integrity of intestinal cells by regulating the localization of apical actin and junctional proteins. (908 aa)
dat-1Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Dopamine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. (615 aa)
hlh-3Helix-loop-helix protein 3; Probable transcriptional regulator. May mediate transcriptional activation by binding to the E-box motif 5'-CANNTG-3'. Plays a role in the differentiation of the hermaphrodite-specific motor neurons (HSN) that are required for normal egg laying. Might play a role in serotonin production by regulating expression of the tryptophan hydrolase tph-1 which catalyzes serotonin synthesis, in the HSN neurons. Also plays a role in HSN axon guidance towards the vulva and the ventral nerve cord, possibly by promoting the expression of the netrin receptor unc-40. Under f [...] (170 aa)
T24D5.4Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (89 aa)
ant-1.1Adenine Nucleotide Translocator; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (300 aa)
pig-1Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell autonomous neuroblast asymmetric divisions that generate one precursor cell and one apoptotic cell by controlling spindle positioning, myosin distribution and the segregation of cell fate determinants. Promotes cell shedding during embryogenesis, probably through the endocytosis-mediated removal of cell adhesion molecules such as hmp-1 from the cell surface. May act downstream of par-4/strd-1/mop-25 to regulate cell shedding. (706 aa)
rme-1Receptor Mediated Endocytosis; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (791 aa)
spe-5Vacuolar proton pump subunit B; Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (501 aa)
unc-3Transcription factor unc-3; May play a role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding and/or neuronal differentiation in both sensory and motor neurons. Cooperates with jmjd-3.1 and wdr-5.1 to ensure robust transdifferentiation of the Y rectal cell to the PDA motor neuron during larval development. (491 aa)
sptf-3SP (Specificity Protein) Transcription Factor. (412 aa)
tra-1Sex-determining transformer protein 1; Plays a major role in controlling sexual phenotype. Terminal global regulator in a well-characterized cascade of sex-determining genes. Promotes female development. Interacts with tra-2 to promote spermatogenesis. Promotes spermatogenesis through the Tip60 HAT complex and by regulating the expression of genes, such as fog-3, required for male development (By similarity). Association with chromatin and at the fog-3 promoter requires wdr-5.1, and may also require wdr-5.2. With trr-1, activates the fog-3 gene to determine sperm/oocyte cell fate (By s [...] (1110 aa)
ced-1Cell death abnormality protein 1; Involved in programmed cell death, also called apoptosis, in both somatic and germ cells. Acts by recruiting ced-6 to phagosomes which enables actin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequent engulfment of the apoptotic cell corpse. Has a role in the association of ppk-3 and rab-7 with the phagosomal surface which is necessary for the incorporation of lysosomes to phagosomes during phagosome maturation. Activates the expression of unfolded protein response genes, which are involved in the immune response to live bacteria. (1111 aa)
csp-3Non-catalytic caspase homolog csp-3; Non-catalytic caspase homolog which does not contain the region necessary for caspase activity. Acts as an inhibitor of caspase ced-3 zymogen autoactivation and delays ced-4- induced ced-3 processing. Has no effect on active ced-3. Probably by preventing ced-3 activation, protects cells, whose fate is to live, from apoptosis during embryonic and larval development ; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (139 aa)
csp-1Caspase A subunit p14; Cysteine protease which, in vitro, cleaves itself and caspase ced-3 into their mature active forms. Also cleaves, in vitro, inactive caspase csp-2 isoform b. Required maternally to induce apoptosis in a subset of cells fated to die during embryogenesis, mostly independently of the ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 canonical apoptosis pathway. Involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic CEP neurons in response to high Mn(2+) levels. (536 aa)
eel-1Enhancer of EfL-1 mutant phenotype. (4185 aa)
csp-2Putative inactive caspase B subunit p17; [Isoform b]: Putative inactive caspase. In the germline, binds caspase ced-3 zymogen and prevents ced-3 autoactivation. Does not affect the caspase activity of mature ced-3 and ced-4-mediated mature ced-3 activation. Negatively regulates germline apoptosis by inhibiting autocleavage of caspase ced-3. Involved in fertility ; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (826 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Caenorhabditis elegans
NCBI taxonomy Id: 6239
Other names: C. elegans, Rhabditis elegans, roundworm
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