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| | mlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mlk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating mek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress such as heavy metals. By activating the JNK pathway downstream of tyrosine receptor svh-2, plays a role in axon regeneration after injury. (1059 aa) |
| | cwn-1 | Protein Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. Binds receptor tyrosine kinase cam-1. Together with Wnt ligand cwn-2, regulates the migration of CAN, ALM, BDU and HSN neurons during embryogenesis, the migration of QL and QR neuroblast descendants during larval development, and polarity of ALM neurons. Also acts with the Wnt ligand egl-20 to direct HSN neuron migration. Acts [...] (372 aa) |
| | pxn-2 | PeroXidasiN (Drosophila peroxidase) homolog. (1328 aa) |
| | dbn-1 | Drebrin-like protein. (643 aa) |
| | mek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which may phosphorylate kgb-1 and thereby is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. May also have a synergistic role with sek-1 in phosphorylating pmk-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress including heavy metal ions (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)), oxidative stress and starvation. In association with sek-1, regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Involved in resistance to pathogenic bacteria infecti [...] (347 aa) |
| | lect-2 | Peptidase_M23 domain-containing protein. (335 aa) |
| | emb-9 | Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain; Collagen type IV is specific for basement membranes (Probable). Required to restrict presynaptic growth at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) in late larval stage and in adult motor neurons. May play a role in axon regeneration in embryos following injury in D-type motor neurons. (1759 aa) |
| | plx-2 | Plexin-2; Involved as a receptor for mab-20/sema-2a in the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, involved in precursor cell sorting and in the formation of distinct sensory rays. Involved in axon guidance of SDQL neurons during neurogenesis. Probably in response to stimulation by mab-20, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus axon guidance and/or fasciculation of DD/VD neurons. Bel [...] (1766 aa) |
| | rga-5 | Rho-GAP domain-containing protein. (1341 aa) |
| | png-1 | Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase; Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation. Cleaves the beta- aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp. Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides. Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native protein [...] (606 aa) |
| | unc-64 | Syntaxin-1A homolog; Plays a critical role in several secretory processes, including cuticle secretion and neurotransmitter release, and probably assists in neuronal membrane maturation or the final stages of neuronal differentiation. Essential for embryonic viability and development. Has a role in dauer formation and adult life span. Required for locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin-23 and phospholipase plc-3 and upstream of innexin unc-7 and egl-4/PKG in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the qui [...] (291 aa) |
| | efn-4 | Ephrin-4; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, involved in ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting together with mab-20 and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Probably acts as a ligand for lad-2 to regulate axon guidance of several neurons including SDQL, SDQR, SMD and PLN neurons during neurogenesis. (348 aa) |
| | unc-73 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor UNC-73A. (2488 aa) |
| | nid-1 | NIDogen (Basement membrane protein). (1584 aa) |
| | shc-1 | SHC-transforming protein homolog 1; Scaffold protein which plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1; by bringing together mek-1 and mlk-1, promotes mlk-1-mediated phosphorylation and activation of mek-1 which in turn phosphorylates kgb-1. In addition, negatively modulates the activation of the insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) probably by inhibiting the insulin receptor daf-2. Positively regulates the activity of the transcription factor daf-16/FOXO by both inhibiting IIS and activating the JNK pathway. Involved in the response to [...] (316 aa) |
| | kin-20 | Casein kinase I isoform delta; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Is a developmental timer that specifies temporal cell fate selection; acts to control the temporal identity of hypodermal seam cells. Required during late-larval development to prevent adult fates, particularly cell cycle exit and fusion, from being expressed too early. (497 aa) |
| | hecw-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase hecw-1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). Functions in the OLL neurons in the anterior ganglion to inhibit avoidance to microbial pathogens such as P.aeruginosa although worms do display avoidance behavior, vacating a P.aeruginosa lawn within 24 hours. Likely to act by inhibiting the neuropeptide receptor npr-1. (1247 aa) |
| | unc-53 | Adapter protein unc-53; Involved in the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. (1654 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | mkk-4 | MAP kinase kinase mkk-4; Activity is required in presynaptic neurons, in a dose- dependent manner, for normal presynaptic development and morphology. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (363 aa) |
| | unc-6 | Netrin unc-6; Component of an extracellular matrix cue that guides dorsoventral migrations on the epidermis. Required for the guidance of pioneer axons and migrating cells along the body wall. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC) migration from the dorsal side of the hermaphrodite body to the midbody to allow for formation of gonad arms. Its association with either unc-40 or unc-5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Involved in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensilium, in the male tail. Required for the formation [...] (612 aa) |
| | F40G9.8 | Uncharacterized protein. (273 aa) |
| | slt-1 | Slit homolog 1 protein; Functions as a ligand for sax-3 receptor during larval development. Acts via the sax-3/Robo receptor to direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline during embryonic development. (1410 aa) |
| | twf-2 | TWinFilin actin binding protein homolog. (333 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | zag-1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox protein zag-1; Down-regulates expression of genes involved in either the synthesis or reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate multiple, discrete, neuron- specific aspects of terminal differentiation, including cell migration, axonal development and gene expression. Required for axon guidance. Involved in the proper development of the pharynx. Directly represses its own transcription by interacting with conserved E-box sequence motifs 5'-CACCTG-3' in its own promoter. (596 aa) |
| | unc-4 | Homeobox protein unc-4; Transcription factor that regulates synaptic specificity. Determines the pattern of synaptic input to VA motor neurons. Acts together with unc-37 by repressing the expression of VB-specific genes such as ceh-12, thereby preventing the adoption of VB motor neurons. Has no role in axonal guidance or outgrowth. Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Unc-4 subfamily. (252 aa) |
| | F23H12.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (802 aa) |
| | ddr-2 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor tyrosine kinase B; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which, together with ddr-1, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. Acts upstream of the adapter shc-1, and the tyrosine kinase receptors svh-1 and svh-2 to regulate axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons. May mediate axon regeneration in association with the collagen emb-9. (797 aa) |
| | kpc-1 | Furin-like protease kpc-1; Furin-like protease which cleaves proproteins at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. During neuronal development, regulates the formation and extension of dendrite branches and cellular positioning of various type of neurons. Promotes the formation, extension and self-avoidance of dendritic branches of PVD and FLP mechanosensory neurons. In PVD neurons, regulates plasma membrane levels of branching receptor dma-1 by targeting it to late endosomes and thus promotes normal dendrite branching and dendrite self-avoidance. Also controls dendrite extension in AIY and D-t [...] (692 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | lin-18 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase RYK; Has no detectable kinase activity in vitro and is unlikely to function as a tyrosine kinase in vivo (By similarity). Receptor which may act as a receptor for Wnt ligand mom-2. Plays a role in controlling P7.p vulva precursor cell lineage orientation during vulva development. Regulates pop-1 asymmetric distribution in P7.p and its daughter cells. Plays a role in the migration of ALM neurons during embryogenesis. (583 aa) |
| | rab-3 | Ras-related protein Rab-3; Involved in exocytosis by regulating a late step in synaptic vesicle fusion. Could play a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal (By similarity). Plays a role in the recruitment of endophilin unc-57 to synaptic vesicles. Probably by controlling dense-core vesicle trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (233 aa) |
| | sax-7 | Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein. (1331 aa) |
| | cab-1 | Protein cab-1. (425 aa) |
| | ddr-1 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor A; Receptor which, together with svh-4, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. May play a role in axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (766 aa) |
| | goa-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(o) protein function is not clear. In the 1-cell embryo, probably together with gpa-16, controls nuclear rotation and spindle elongation during mitosis. During the first embryonic cell divisions, plays a role in gpr-1/2 cortical localization and in the proper orientation of EMS blastomere mitotic spindle. Polarity determinants (par genes) may regulate lin- 5/gpr-1/gpr-2/goa-1 locally to create [...] (354 aa) |
| | fsn-1 | F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1; Component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which is required for the restriction and/or maturation of synapses in GABAergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic neurons. Promotes NRJ synapse development and synaptic transmission by negatively regulating the daf- 2/InsR pathway in muscles. By targeting convertase egl-3 for degradation, negatively modulates insulin-like protein ins-4 and ins-6 processing. May stabilize synapse formation by promoting the down-regulation of scd-2. Regulates axon termination in PLM an [...] (332 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | hst-2 | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase hst-2; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the C2-position of selected hexuronic acid residues within the maturing heparan sulfate (HS). Involved in cell adhesion and guidance by specifically modifying proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface that are essential for axon migrations. (324 aa) |
| | mig-2 | Rac-like GTPase. (195 aa) |
| | dli-1 | Dynein light intermediate chain; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in binding dynein to membranous organelles or chromosomes. (443 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | bicd-1 | Protein bicaudal D homolog; Part of a complex with dlc-1 and egal-1, which is recruited to the nuclear envelope by unc-83, where in turn, it recruits dynein to the nuclear surface and regulates nuclear migration in hypodermal precursor cells (Probable). Required for the formation of dendritic branches of PVD sensory neurons ; Belongs to the BicD family. (737 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | unc-104 | Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa) |
| | cebp-1 | C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) homolog. (319 aa) |
| | smp-2 | Sema domain-containing protein; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (649 aa) |
| | sup-17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 homolog; Metalloprotease (By similarity). Acts together with protease adm-4 and in a cell autonomous manner to facilitate lin-12/Notch signaling during developmental cell fate decision, including anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell decision and vulva precursor cell specification. By modulating lin-12/Notch signaling, plays a role in germline development. Probably by modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling via the shedding of unc-40 ectodomain, involved in the regulation of body size and mesoderm development. Probably b [...] (922 aa) |
| | glo-4 | X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator homolog; Could be a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor for glo-1. May play a role in gut granule biogenesis. Regulates axon termination in PLM and ALM neurons. (1386 aa) |
| | faah-1 | Fatty acid amide hydrolase 1; Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides like palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), palmitoleoyl ethanolamide (POEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), linoleoyl ethanolamide (LOEA), arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide, or AEA), and eicosapentaneoyl ethanolamide (EPEA), thereby serving to terminate the signaling functions of these molecules. EPEA promotes dauer formation and may constitute a signal of high nutrient availability. Breakdown of EPEA may promote lifespan extension when nutrient availability is high. Facilitates axon regeneration after injury by degradating inh [...] (572 aa) |
| | ida-1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like ida-1; Regulates dense-core vesicle (DCV) trafficking and/or secretion. Probably by controlling DCV trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Involved in locomotion by regulating acetylcholine release. Probably by controlling the secretion of FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Plays a role in preventing dauer formation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 8 subfamily. (767 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | egl-8 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta egl-8; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (By similarity). Required in the nervous system to modulate neuronal activity. Facilitates synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions by regulating the release of acetylcholine from the motor neurons and thus affecting locomotion. Plays a role in efficient egg laying and defecation. Involved in axon regeneration [...] (1512 aa) |
| | unc-44 | Uncharacterized protein. (6994 aa) |
| | jnk-1 | Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa) |
| | tpa-1 | Protein kinase C-like 1; Diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins (Probable). Phosphorylates mlk-1, a component of the JNK pathway. Involved in axon regeneration after injury probably by activating the JNK pathway. Plays a role in resistance to fungal infection and in wound healing by promoting expression of antimicrobial peptide nlp- 29 in the epidermis downstream of gpa-12 and plc-3 and upstream of tir- 1-p38-like pathway. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission in ALA neurons, regulates the decrease in phary [...] (704 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | aex-3 | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a novel and significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death, caspase-mediated apoptosis (By similarity). Converts GDP-bound inactive form of rab-3 and cab-1 to the GTP-bound active forms. Regulator of presynaptic activity that interacts with rab-3 to regulate synaptic vesicle release. Is also a regulator of the cab-1 synaptic transmission pathway. Probably by converting rab-3 to its GTP-bound active form, plays a role [...] (1409 aa) |
| | pak-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pak-1; Required for hypodermal cell fusion, together with cdc-42 and ced-10, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. Plays a redundant role with max-2 in dorsal axonal guidance in ventral cord commissural motoneurons and in P neuroblast migration. Acts probably downstream of Rho GTPases mig-2 and ced-10 to regulate these 2 processes. Involved in orientating axonal growth of HSN neurons. During gonad morphogenesis and probably in association with pix-1 and git-1, involved in the migration of distal tip ce [...] (572 aa) |
| | ced-10 | Ras-related protein ced-10; Required in engulfing to control the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses. Required in embryonic development for the correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindles and division planes in blastomere cells. Involved in hypodermal cell fusion, together with pak-1 and cdc-42, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. ced-2 and ced-5 function to activate ced-10 in a GTPase signaling pathway that controls the polarized extension of cell surfaces. Plays a redundant role with mig-2 in dorsal axonal guid [...] (191 aa) |
| | mnm-2 | Zinc finger protein mnm-2; Required in the M3 pharyngeal motor neuron to guide the growth cone of the sister M2 motor neuron during axon development. (249 aa) |
| | tiam-1 | DH domain-containing protein. (889 aa) |
| | ncx-9 | Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger protein; Mitochondrial sodium/calcium antiporter that mediates sodium- dependent calcium efflux from mitochondrion, thereby acting as a key regulator of mitochondrion calcium homeostasis (Probable). Required for patterning of neural circuits: functions in the same pathway as RAC- dependent effectors of the unc-6/netrin signaling pathway to set left/ right patterning of the VD/DD GABAergic circuit. Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily. (701 aa) |
| | pxn-1 | Peroxidasin homolog; Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. (1285 aa) |
| | unc-31 | Calcium-dependent secretion activator; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity). Specifically required to activate the neuronal G-alpha pathway. Functions with G-alpha proteins from the same motor neurons to regulate locomotion. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by sat [...] (1401 aa) |
| | dnc-1 | CAP-Gly domain-containing protein. (1351 aa) |
| | sax-3 | Protein sax-3; Required to confine migrating sex myoblasts to the ventral muscle quadrants during their migration through the body and for multiple aspects of sensory, motor, and interneuron axon guidance. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO/SAX3 family. (1273 aa) |
| | pat-3 | Integrin beta pat-3; Integrin alpha ina-1/beta pat-3 is a receptor for laminin. Integrin alpha pat-2/beta pat-3 recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands (Probable). Plays a role in cell migration, morphogenesis and probably in cell-cell interactions. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M line [...] (809 aa) |
| | Y92H12A.2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. (724 aa) |
| | mab-20 | Semaphorin-2A; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Seems to control cell-cell contact formation through 2 parallel pathways, one involving efn-4 and one involving plx-2 and unc-129. Involved in axon guidance. Probably by binding receptor plx-2, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus [...] (658 aa) |
| | Y5H2B.1 | Uncharacterized protein. (364 aa) |
| | plx-1 | Sema domain-containing protein. (1956 aa) |
| | efa-6 | Exchange factor for Arf-6; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for arf-6 (By similarity). Involved in response to injury in mechanosensory neurons. Inhibits axon regrowth via microtubule dynamics, possibly by inducing axonal microtubule catastrophes. Limits microtubule growth near the cellular cortex of early embryonic cells. (818 aa) |
| | lad-2 | Immunoglobulin domain-containing protein Y54G2A.25. (1187 aa) |
| | smp-1 | Semaphorin-1A; May function in growth cone guidance; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (712 aa) |
| | grdn-1 | Girdin homolog; Scaffolding protein that plays a role in ciliogenesis, cilium positioning and dendrite anchoring in sensory amphid neurons including AWB, AWA, AWC, ADL and ASI and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. Its role in cilium positioning may be through regulation of the localization of cell adhesion proteins such as the apical junction protein ajm-1, and the ciliary scaffolding protein Rootletin/che-10. Belongs to the CCDC88 family. (1319 aa) |
| | max-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase max-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, which phosphorylates mlk-1. Involved in the stress response to heavy metals by activating the mlk- 1/mek-1/kgb-1 pathway. In ventral cord commissural motoneurons, required for dorsal axon guidance downstream of unc- 6/netrin repulsion receptor unc-5 and probably of Rho GTPases ced-10 and mig-2. Plays a redundant role with mig-10 in orientating axonal growth of HSN neurons. Plays a redundant role with pak-1 in P neuroblast migration and in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation probably downstre [...] (649 aa) |
| | unc-33 | Protein unc-33; During neurogenesis, plays an essential role in axonal guidance and outgrowth by regulating the polarization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Establishes the asymmetry of axonal and dendrite microtubules and the polarized sorting of neuronal proteins. This is achieved in part by regulating the localization of kinesin-like protein unc-104. In neurons without a distal microtubule- organizing center (MTOC), also controls the organization of microtubules in dendrites. During the dorso-ventral axonal guidance and outgrowth of VD neurons, required downstream of Ra [...] (854 aa) |
| | mig-1 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (529 aa) |
| | unc-3 | Transcription factor unc-3; May play a role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding and/or neuronal differentiation in both sensory and motor neurons. Cooperates with jmjd-3.1 and wdr-5.1 to ensure robust transdifferentiation of the Y rectal cell to the PDA motor neuron during larval development. (491 aa) |
| | egl-20 | Wnt homolog. (393 aa) |
| | unc-37 | Transcription factor unc-37; Transcriptional corepressor that functions with the neural specificity gene unc-4 to govern motor neuron identity. May function with transcription factor mls-1 to promote uterine muscle specification and formation. (612 aa) |
| | mnr-1 | MeNoRin (Dendritic branching protein). (530 aa) |
| | clec-38 | C-type LECtin. (382 aa) |
| | ppm-2 | Probable protein phosphatase 2C T23F11.1. (356 aa) |
| | mom-5 | Protein mom-5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of gsk-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (Probable). A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as pkc seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of gsk-3 kinase (Probable). B [...] (570 aa) |
| | dhc-1 | Dynein heavy chain, cytoplasmic; Cytoplasmic dynein acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules (By similarity). Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP (By similarity). May play a role in nuclear migration in hypodermal precursor cells. May be involved in the transport of synaptic vesicle components towards the axon of the DA motor neuron. This function may involve the regulation of dynein by pct-1 and/or cdk-5. Involved in the formation of synapses in the dorsal regi [...] (4568 aa) |
| | unc-40 | Unc-40 protein. (1415 aa) |
| | svh-2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor svh-2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which may phosphorylate mlk-1, a component of the mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1 pathway. Involved in axon regeneration after injury by promoting the generation of productive and stable growth cones. (1086 aa) |
| | rhgf-2 | DH domain-containing protein. (1149 aa) |
| | dma-1 | LRRCT domain-containing protein. (603 aa) |
| | sqv-3 | Xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase; Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide (GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-)Ser core linker of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Required for embryonic development. Involved in vulval epithelium invagination ; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family. (289 aa) |
| | cbp-1 | Protein cbp-1; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). May prevent DNA damage-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cep-1-dependent transcription activation of the programmed cell death activator egl-1. (2017 aa) |
| | ebax-1 | SWIM-type domain-containing protein. (1717 aa) |
| | unc-116 | Kinesin heavy chain; Microtubule-dependent motor protein required for organelle transport. Plays a role in endosome transport. Required for the transport of mitochondria along the axon of motor neurons. Involved in the nuclear migration of hyp7 hypodermal precursor cells. Required for the formation of dendritic branches of PVD sensory neurons. In non-ciliated neurons such as the PVD and PHC neurons, required for the organization of minus-end out microtubules in dendrites. Involved in the localization of unc-33 to neurites. (815 aa) |
| | unc-119 | Protein unc-119; Myristoyl-binding protein that acts as a cargo adapter: specifically binds the myristoyl moiety of a subset of N-terminally myristoylated proteins and is required for their localization. Plays a key role in ciliary membrane localization of proteins. Required for the establishment or function of the nervous system. (244 aa) |
| | vab-1 | Ephrin receptor 1; Receptor for members of the ephrin family (By similarity). Receptor for major sperm proteins (MSPs), that functions as sperm- sensing checkpoint which inhibits oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation when sperm are not available for fertilization. Specifically, functions to negatively regulates oocyte maturation and MAPK activation in the absence of MSPs. Required for the MSP-mediated increase in the basal sheath cell contraction rate in somatic cells. Phosphorylates phosphatase daf-18/PTEN which probably promotes daf-18 degradation. By inactivating daf-18, regulates [...] (1122 aa) |
| | tns-1 | Tensin homolog; Probable phosphatase which regulates axon regeneration after injury by linking the svh-2 and integrin signaling pathways. (1354 aa) |
| | egl-30 | Heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit. (355 aa) |
