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| | kvs-1 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the potassium channel family. (495 aa) |
| | faah-1 | Fatty acid amide hydrolase 1; Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides like palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), palmitoleoyl ethanolamide (POEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), linoleoyl ethanolamide (LOEA), arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide, or AEA), and eicosapentaneoyl ethanolamide (EPEA), thereby serving to terminate the signaling functions of these molecules. EPEA promotes dauer formation and may constitute a signal of high nutrient availability. Breakdown of EPEA may promote lifespan extension when nutrient availability is high. Facilitates axon regeneration after injury by degradating inh [...] (572 aa) |
| | pmk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-1; Serine/threonine kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Phosphorylates snk-1 which probably regulates skn-1 nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress. Probably by activating skn-1, involved in the up- regulation of gcs-1 and glutathione-S-transferase gst-4 expression upon bacteria infection. Up-regulates expression of gcs-1 in intestinal cells upon arsenite treatment. Functions downstream of the MAPKK sek-1 and the MAPKKK nsy-1 as the MAP kinase [...] (377 aa) |
| | daf-11 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. In addition, regulates cGMP levels by controlling the transcription of 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-1 and pde-5 mRNAs. Involved in the olfactory, light and pheromone sensing pathways. Part of the chemosensory mechanism of the ASJ sensory neuron that controls dauer formation and dauer recovery. Promotes the calcium flux in ASJ sensory neurons in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response [...] (1077 aa) |
| | ida-1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like ida-1; Regulates dense-core vesicle (DCV) trafficking and/or secretion. Probably by controlling DCV trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Involved in locomotion by regulating acetylcholine release. Probably by controlling the secretion of FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Plays a role in preventing dauer formation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 8 subfamily. (767 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | age-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homolog that regulates longevity and diapause. Promotes cell survival during embryonic development by recruiting akt-1/2 to the plasma membrane through the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Could function in the development or neuroendocrine signaling of the dauer pathway. Mediates susceptibility to enteropathogenic E.coli infection. May negatively regulate AYI interneuron neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in aversive olfactory learning when an odor is associated with food deprivation. Regulates this process by promoting the [...] (1182 aa) |
| | egl-8 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta egl-8; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (By similarity). Required in the nervous system to modulate neuronal activity. Facilitates synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions by regulating the release of acetylcholine from the motor neurons and thus affecting locomotion. Plays a role in efficient egg laying and defecation. Involved in axon regeneration [...] (1512 aa) |
| | unc-44 | Uncharacterized protein. (6994 aa) |
| | clec-41 | C-type LECtin. (545 aa) |
| | jnk-1 | Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa) |
| | tpa-1 | Protein kinase C-like 1; Diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins (Probable). Phosphorylates mlk-1, a component of the JNK pathway. Involved in axon regeneration after injury probably by activating the JNK pathway. Plays a role in resistance to fungal infection and in wound healing by promoting expression of antimicrobial peptide nlp- 29 in the epidermis downstream of gpa-12 and plc-3 and upstream of tir- 1-p38-like pathway. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission in ALA neurons, regulates the decrease in phary [...] (704 aa) |
| | C01B10.9 | Uncharacterized protein. (555 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | snet-1 | Protein snet-1; Negatively regulates chemotaxis and olfactory plasticity which is the change from positive chemotaxis to dispersal after prolonged exposure to an odorant. May be down-regulated in response to pheromone exposure, resulting in promotion of olfactory plasticity. (101 aa) |
| | aex-3 | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a novel and significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death, caspase-mediated apoptosis (By similarity). Converts GDP-bound inactive form of rab-3 and cab-1 to the GTP-bound active forms. Regulator of presynaptic activity that interacts with rab-3 to regulate synaptic vesicle release. Is also a regulator of the cab-1 synaptic transmission pathway. Probably by converting rab-3 to its GTP-bound active form, plays a role [...] (1409 aa) |
| | nuc-1 | Deoxyribonuclease-2; Hydrolyzes DNA under acidic conditions with a preference for double-stranded DNA. Implicated in apoptosis. Belongs to the DNase II family. (375 aa) |
| | atf-7 | BZIP domain-containing protein. (509 aa) |
| | ced-10 | Ras-related protein ced-10; Required in engulfing to control the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses. Required in embryonic development for the correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindles and division planes in blastomere cells. Involved in hypodermal cell fusion, together with pak-1 and cdc-42, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. ced-2 and ced-5 function to activate ced-10 in a GTPase signaling pathway that controls the polarized extension of cell surfaces. Plays a redundant role with mig-2 in dorsal axonal guid [...] (191 aa) |
| | mnm-2 | Zinc finger protein mnm-2; Required in the M3 pharyngeal motor neuron to guide the growth cone of the sister M2 motor neuron during axon development. (249 aa) |
| | ncx-9 | Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger protein; Mitochondrial sodium/calcium antiporter that mediates sodium- dependent calcium efflux from mitochondrion, thereby acting as a key regulator of mitochondrion calcium homeostasis (Probable). Required for patterning of neural circuits: functions in the same pathway as RAC- dependent effectors of the unc-6/netrin signaling pathway to set left/ right patterning of the VD/DD GABAergic circuit. Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily. (701 aa) |
| | lin-18 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase RYK; Has no detectable kinase activity in vitro and is unlikely to function as a tyrosine kinase in vivo (By similarity). Receptor which may act as a receptor for Wnt ligand mom-2. Plays a role in controlling P7.p vulva precursor cell lineage orientation during vulva development. Regulates pop-1 asymmetric distribution in P7.p and its daughter cells. Plays a role in the migration of ALM neurons during embryogenesis. (583 aa) |
| | rab-3 | Ras-related protein Rab-3; Involved in exocytosis by regulating a late step in synaptic vesicle fusion. Could play a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal (By similarity). Plays a role in the recruitment of endophilin unc-57 to synaptic vesicles. Probably by controlling dense-core vesicle trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (233 aa) |
| | cab-1 | Protein cab-1. (425 aa) |
| | ddr-1 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor A; Receptor which, together with svh-4, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. May play a role in axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (766 aa) |
| | goa-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(o) protein function is not clear. In the 1-cell embryo, probably together with gpa-16, controls nuclear rotation and spindle elongation during mitosis. During the first embryonic cell divisions, plays a role in gpr-1/2 cortical localization and in the proper orientation of EMS blastomere mitotic spindle. Polarity determinants (par genes) may regulate lin- 5/gpr-1/gpr-2/goa-1 locally to create [...] (354 aa) |
| | fsn-1 | F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1; Component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which is required for the restriction and/or maturation of synapses in GABAergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic neurons. Promotes NRJ synapse development and synaptic transmission by negatively regulating the daf- 2/InsR pathway in muscles. By targeting convertase egl-3 for degradation, negatively modulates insulin-like protein ins-4 and ins-6 processing. May stabilize synapse formation by promoting the down-regulation of scd-2. Regulates axon termination in PLM an [...] (332 aa) |
| | mps-1 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (257 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | hst-2 | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase hst-2; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the C2-position of selected hexuronic acid residues within the maturing heparan sulfate (HS). Involved in cell adhesion and guidance by specifically modifying proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface that are essential for axon migrations. (324 aa) |
| | mig-2 | Rac-like GTPase. (195 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | C43H6.6 | Uncharacterized protein. (514 aa) |
| | mec-12 | Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules (Probable). It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (Probable). Component of the large-diameter neuronal microtubules which contains 15 protofilaments. Plays a role in mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). (450 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | hsp-90 | Heat shock protein 90; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. By stabilizing the receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11 or another sig [...] (702 aa) |
| | mec-9 | Uncharacterized protein. (838 aa) |
| | unc-104 | Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa) |
| | hda-1 | Histone deacetylase 1; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression. Plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in the endoderm determination possibly by repressing end-1 expression. Also involved in vulval development, possibly by repressing lag-2 expression. In association with akir-1, plays a role in regula [...] (461 aa) |
| | che-1 | Transcription factor che-1; Transcription factor essential for the identity of ASE chemosensory neurons. Acts by activating expression of genes that are specific for ASE chemosensory neurons, such as seven-transmembrane receptors or guanylate cyclase. Also required to control the left/right asymmetry in ASE chemosensory neurons by regulating expression of genes such as cog-1 and ceh-36. (273 aa) |
| | cebp-1 | C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) homolog. (319 aa) |
| | smp-2 | Sema domain-containing protein; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (649 aa) |
| | sup-17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 homolog; Metalloprotease (By similarity). Acts together with protease adm-4 and in a cell autonomous manner to facilitate lin-12/Notch signaling during developmental cell fate decision, including anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell decision and vulva precursor cell specification. By modulating lin-12/Notch signaling, plays a role in germline development. Probably by modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling via the shedding of unc-40 ectodomain, involved in the regulation of body size and mesoderm development. Probably b [...] (922 aa) |
| | akir-1 | Akirin homolog; Plays a role in antifungal innate immunity. Forms a complex with components of the NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase) and MEC chromatin remodeling complexes which binds to the promoters of antimicrobial peptide genes and may recruit other proteins such as ceh-18 to control gene expression in response to fungal infection. During meiotic prophase I, plays a role in the disassembly of synaptonemal complex proteins and in the regulation of chromosome condensation and segregation. Not required for chromosome pairing or recombination during meiosis ; Belongs to the [...] (218 aa) |
| | mec-5 | MEC-5. (327 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | crn-7 | Cell-death-related nuclease 7; Belongs to the DNase II family. (367 aa) |
| | ddr-2 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor tyrosine kinase B; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which, together with ddr-1, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. Acts upstream of the adapter shc-1, and the tyrosine kinase receptors svh-1 and svh-2 to regulate axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons. May mediate axon regeneration in association with the collagen emb-9. (797 aa) |
| | ins-1 | IlGF domain-containing protein. (109 aa) |
| | mec-2 | Mechanosensory protein 2; Positively regulates the activity of the putative mechanosensory transduction channel. May link the mechanosensory channel and the microtubule cytoskeleton of the touch receptor neurons. Required for the function of a set of six touch receptor neurons. (1239 aa) |
| | octr-1 | G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (408 aa) |
| | mec-10 | Degenerin mec-10; Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit required for mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). Negatively regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. (724 aa) |
| | F23H12.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (802 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | mec-14 | Aldo_ket_red domain-containing protein. (453 aa) |
| | odr-8 | Ufm1-specific protease; Thiol protease which recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ufm-1, a ubiquitin-like modifier protein bound to a number of target proteins (By similarity). Required, with oct-4, for the localization of a subset of 7 transmembrane domain odorant receptors, including odr-10, to the cilia of olfactory neurons AWA and AWC. Operates in aggregation behavior, and responses to oxygen levels; Belongs to the peptidase C78 family. (589 aa) |
| | slt-1 | Slit homolog 1 protein; Functions as a ligand for sax-3 receptor during larval development. Acts via the sax-3/Robo receptor to direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline during embryonic development. (1410 aa) |
| | unc-6 | Netrin unc-6; Component of an extracellular matrix cue that guides dorsoventral migrations on the epidermis. Required for the guidance of pioneer axons and migrating cells along the body wall. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC) migration from the dorsal side of the hermaphrodite body to the midbody to allow for formation of gonad arms. Its association with either unc-40 or unc-5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Involved in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensilium, in the male tail. Required for the formation [...] (612 aa) |
| | mkk-4 | MAP kinase kinase mkk-4; Activity is required in presynaptic neurons, in a dose- dependent manner, for normal presynaptic development and morphology. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (363 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | unc-53 | Adapter protein unc-53; Involved in the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. (1654 aa) |
| | hecw-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase hecw-1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). Functions in the OLL neurons in the anterior ganglion to inhibit avoidance to microbial pathogens such as P.aeruginosa although worms do display avoidance behavior, vacating a P.aeruginosa lawn within 24 hours. Likely to act by inhibiting the neuropeptide receptor npr-1. (1247 aa) |
| | sra-13 | Serpentine receptor class alpha-13; Chemosensory receptor that negatively regulates RAS/MAPK signaling during vulva induction and the negative regulation of olfaction of volitile attractants. Required for the suppression of vulval induction in response to food starvation. Signaling acts through the GPA-5 G-alpha protein subunit; Belongs to the nematode receptor-like protein sra family. (335 aa) |
| | shc-1 | SHC-transforming protein homolog 1; Scaffold protein which plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1; by bringing together mek-1 and mlk-1, promotes mlk-1-mediated phosphorylation and activation of mek-1 which in turn phosphorylates kgb-1. In addition, negatively modulates the activation of the insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) probably by inhibiting the insulin receptor daf-2. Positively regulates the activity of the transcription factor daf-16/FOXO by both inhibiting IIS and activating the JNK pathway. Involved in the response to [...] (316 aa) |
| | nid-1 | NIDogen (Basement membrane protein). (1584 aa) |
| | egl-4 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4; Promotes chemoreceptor gene expression in response to increased cGMP levels by antagonizing the gene repression functions of the class II HDAC hda-4 and the mef-2 transcription factor. Regulates gene expression via recruitment of a histone deacetylase complex containing hda-2, saeg-1 and saeg-2. Represses body size and lifespan through the dbl-1 and insulin pathways, respectively. May also signal through daf-3 and/or daf-5. Role in egg-laying, dauer formation and motility. Regulates behavioral responses to various chemosensory stimuli in sensory neu [...] (783 aa) |
| | unc-73 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor UNC-73A. (2488 aa) |
| | efn-4 | Ephrin-4; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, involved in ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting together with mab-20 and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Probably acts as a ligand for lad-2 to regulate axon guidance of several neurons including SDQL, SDQR, SMD and PLN neurons during neurogenesis. (348 aa) |
| | unc-64 | Syntaxin-1A homolog; Plays a critical role in several secretory processes, including cuticle secretion and neurotransmitter release, and probably assists in neuronal membrane maturation or the final stages of neuronal differentiation. Essential for embryonic viability and development. Has a role in dauer formation and adult life span. Required for locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin-23 and phospholipase plc-3 and upstream of innexin unc-7 and egl-4/PKG in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the qui [...] (291 aa) |
| | pkc-1 | Protein kinase C-like 1B; PKC is activated by diacylglycerol which in turn phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins. PKC also serves as the receptor for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Involved in neuropeptide secretion in motor axons. Likely to act via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway in the signaling response to various sensory neurons; temperature, odor, taste, and osmolality. Its role in regulation differs depending on the neuron in which it is acting; thermosensation in AFD neurons, osmolality in ASH neuro [...] (763 aa) |
| | sta-2 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription b; Carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription (By similarity). By regulating the up- regulation in the epidermis of antimicrobial peptides nlp-29, plays a role in resistance to fungal infection and in the response to physical wounding and phorbol ester PMA treatment. Belongs to the transcription factor STAT family. (567 aa) |
| | F59F5.7 | DM13 domain-containing protein. (868 aa) |
| | adr-1 | A-to-I RNA editing regulator adr-1; Required for the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. Does not have deaminase activity but binds to dsRNA and regulates A-to-I RNA editing, possibly by modulating the accessibility of the double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2 for target adenosines. Regulates editing efficiency of specific adenosines in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Represses editing efficiency of the Y75B8A.8 3' UTR in neurons. Required for correct expression and A-to-I editing of [...] (964 aa) |
| | pdk-1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Involved in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway, which controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates and activates sgk-1, akt-1 and akt-2. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily. (636 aa) |
| | mps-2 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (164 aa) |
| | plx-2 | Plexin-2; Involved as a receptor for mab-20/sema-2a in the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, involved in precursor cell sorting and in the formation of distinct sensory rays. Involved in axon guidance of SDQL neurons during neurogenesis. Probably in response to stimulation by mab-20, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus axon guidance and/or fasciculation of DD/VD neurons. Bel [...] (1766 aa) |
| | emb-9 | Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain; Collagen type IV is specific for basement membranes (Probable). Required to restrict presynaptic growth at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) in late larval stage and in adult motor neurons. May play a role in axon regeneration in embryos following injury in D-type motor neurons. (1759 aa) |
| | K07B1.7 | G-patch domain-containing protein. (503 aa) |
| | mek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which may phosphorylate kgb-1 and thereby is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. May also have a synergistic role with sek-1 in phosphorylating pmk-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress including heavy metal ions (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)), oxidative stress and starvation. In association with sek-1, regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Involved in resistance to pathogenic bacteria infecti [...] (347 aa) |
| | pxn-2 | PeroXidasiN (Drosophila peroxidase) homolog. (1328 aa) |
| | cwn-1 | Protein Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. Binds receptor tyrosine kinase cam-1. Together with Wnt ligand cwn-2, regulates the migration of CAN, ALM, BDU and HSN neurons during embryogenesis, the migration of QL and QR neuroblast descendants during larval development, and polarity of ALM neurons. Also acts with the Wnt ligand egl-20 to direct HSN neuron migration. Acts [...] (372 aa) |
| | mlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mlk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating mek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress such as heavy metals. By activating the JNK pathway downstream of tyrosine receptor svh-2, plays a role in axon regeneration after injury. (1059 aa) |
| | egl-30 | Heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit. (355 aa) |
| | tns-1 | Tensin homolog; Probable phosphatase which regulates axon regeneration after injury by linking the svh-2 and integrin signaling pathways. (1354 aa) |
| | vab-1 | Ephrin receptor 1; Receptor for members of the ephrin family (By similarity). Receptor for major sperm proteins (MSPs), that functions as sperm- sensing checkpoint which inhibits oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation when sperm are not available for fertilization. Specifically, functions to negatively regulates oocyte maturation and MAPK activation in the absence of MSPs. Required for the MSP-mediated increase in the basal sheath cell contraction rate in somatic cells. Phosphorylates phosphatase daf-18/PTEN which probably promotes daf-18 degradation. By inactivating daf-18, regulates [...] (1122 aa) |
| | ebax-1 | SWIM-type domain-containing protein. (1717 aa) |
| | sqv-3 | Xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase; Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide (GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-)Ser core linker of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Required for embryonic development. Involved in vulval epithelium invagination ; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family. (289 aa) |
| | daf-16 | Forkhead box protein O; Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock and oxidative stress responses, and dauer formation. Longevity signaling predominantly arises from expression in the intestine. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration by association with ftt-2. Inhibition is required for the carbon [...] (541 aa) |
| | mec-4 | Degenerin mec-4; Probable sodium channel subunit. May be needed for mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). Negatively regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. (768 aa) |
| | mec-15 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein mec-15; Plays a role in mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity), touch receptor neuron development and synapse formation. Regulates expression of the protein snb-1 and the distribution of synaptic vesicles at synapses to promote synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junctions of GABAergic motor neurons. (406 aa) |
| | nep-2 | Neprilysin-2; Required for olfactory plasticity, which is the change from positive chemotaxis to dispersal after prolonged exposure to an odorant. Thought to antagonise snet-1 by degrading excess snet-1 peptides and thus enabling olfactory plasticity. (736 aa) |
| | mps-3 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (167 aa) |
| | kgb-1 | GLH-binding kinase 1; Mitogen-activated protein kinase which is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Phosphorylates the transcription factor fos-1 which prevents fos-1 dimerization and promoter binding and results in activation of target genes including F53A9.2/kreg-1 and lys-3/kreg-2. Phosphorylates jun-1 and activates the AP-1 transcription factor which is a heterodimer of jun-1 and fos-1. Phosphorylates glh-1 in vitro which may play a role in controlling glh-1 protein levels in the germline by targeting it for degradation by the proteasome. R [...] (390 aa) |
| | daf-18 | Abnormal dauer formation protein 18; Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins (By similarity). Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. By dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 antagonizes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production by age-1/PI3K and thus, negatively regulates daf-2-mediated processes including dauer formation, longevity, fat metabolism, chemotaxis towards salt, thermotolerance and axon guidance. Similarly, [...] (962 aa) |
| | svh-2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor svh-2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which may phosphorylate mlk-1, a component of the mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1 pathway. Involved in axon regeneration after injury by promoting the generation of productive and stable growth cones. (1086 aa) |
| | unc-40 | Unc-40 protein. (1415 aa) |
| | adr-2 | Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. Acts primarily on non-coding regions of protein- coding genes including introns and untranslated regions (UTR). Required for normal chemotaxis. Edits the 3' UTR of clec-41 which is required for normal clec-41 expression and for chemotaxis. Plays a role in determining lifespan. Not required for RNA interference. Likely to play a role in determining whether a dsRNA enters the RNAi pathway. (495 aa) |
| | mom-5 | Protein mom-5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of gsk-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (Probable). A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as pkc seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of gsk-3 kinase (Probable). B [...] (570 aa) |
| | snf-12 | Transporter. (1022 aa) |
| | clec-38 | C-type LECtin. (382 aa) |
| | W01C8.5 | DM13 domain-containing protein. (511 aa) |
| | grk-2 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; Specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein- coupled receptors (By similarity). Required in adult sensory neurons for chemotaxis. Plays a role in the ASH sensory neurons in the chemotaxis response to NaCl where it is likely to modulate the strength of the NaCl avoidance response which occurs at high NaCl concentrations. Required in the HSN motor neurons for normal egg laying by promoting phosphorylation of amine oxidase amx-2 which inhibits amx-2 activity, preventing metabolism of serotonin. Acts in head acetylcholine neurons to pos [...] (707 aa) |
| | hlh-30 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (524 aa) |
| | mec-6 | Mechanosensory abnormality protein 6; Probable touch-cell sodium channel subunit. May be needed for mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). Interacts with degenerin channel proteins and stabilizes the channel. Non-voltage- gated amiloride-sensitive cation channel permeable for sodium, potassium, lithium and N-methylglucamine. Belongs to the paraoxonase family. (377 aa) |
| | zip-3 | BZIP domain-containing protein. (307 aa) |
| | egl-20 | Wnt homolog. (393 aa) |
| | fat-3 | Delta(6)-fatty-acid desaturase fat-3; Delta(6) fatty acid desaturase that acts on a range of substrates. Catalyzes the desaturation of linoleic acid (Delta(9,12)- 18:2, or C18:2(n-6)) to gamma-linolenic acid (Delta(6,9,12)-18:3, or C18:3(n-6)). Plays a role in synaptic vesicle recycling by regulating synaptojanin unc-26 localization at synapses. (443 aa) |
| | mig-1 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (529 aa) |
| | unc-33 | Protein unc-33; During neurogenesis, plays an essential role in axonal guidance and outgrowth by regulating the polarization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Establishes the asymmetry of axonal and dendrite microtubules and the polarized sorting of neuronal proteins. This is achieved in part by regulating the localization of kinesin-like protein unc-104. In neurons without a distal microtubule- organizing center (MTOC), also controls the organization of microtubules in dendrites. During the dorso-ventral axonal guidance and outgrowth of VD neurons, required downstream of Ra [...] (854 aa) |
| | osm-5 | OSM-5. (820 aa) |
| | daf-25 | Dauer abnormal formation protein 25; May be involved in the trafficking and dendritic transport of signaling proteins, such as the receptor-type guanylate cyclases gcy-12 and daf-11, to the cilia. In ciliated sensory neurons, required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa. (388 aa) |
| | nol-6 | Nucleolar protein 6. (1058 aa) |
| | smp-1 | Semaphorin-1A; May function in growth cone guidance; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (712 aa) |
| | lad-2 | Immunoglobulin domain-containing protein Y54G2A.25. (1187 aa) |
| | efa-6 | Exchange factor for Arf-6; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for arf-6 (By similarity). Involved in response to injury in mechanosensory neurons. Inhibits axon regrowth via microtubule dynamics, possibly by inducing axonal microtubule catastrophes. Limits microtubule growth near the cellular cortex of early embryonic cells. (818 aa) |
| | daf-22 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like 2; Catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA with 8-16 carbon residues in the acyl group using a ping-pong mechanism whereby binding to 3-ketooctanoyl-CoA results in the release of acetyl-CoA and the subsequent addition of CoA produces 3-ketohexanohyl-CoA. Involved in the biosynthesis of the dauer pheromone by providing short chains of fatty acid that are attached to the ascarylose sugars of the pheromone. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (412 aa) |
| | Y5H2B.1 | Uncharacterized protein. (364 aa) |
| | mab-20 | Semaphorin-2A; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Seems to control cell-cell contact formation through 2 parallel pathways, one involving efn-4 and one involving plx-2 and unc-129. Involved in axon guidance. Probably by binding receptor plx-2, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus [...] (658 aa) |
| | pat-3 | Integrin beta pat-3; Integrin alpha ina-1/beta pat-3 is a receptor for laminin. Integrin alpha pat-2/beta pat-3 recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands (Probable). Plays a role in cell migration, morphogenesis and probably in cell-cell interactions. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M line [...] (809 aa) |
| | dve-1 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (468 aa) |
| | mec-7 | Tubulin beta-1 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules (Probable). It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (Probable). Plays a role in mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). (441 aa) |
| | mtd-1 | Mec-3 (Three) Dependent expression. (278 aa) |
| | tomm-70 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit tomm-70; Receptor that accelerates the import of all mitochondrial precursor proteins; Belongs to the Tom70 family. (554 aa) |
| | sax-3 | Protein sax-3; Required to confine migrating sex myoblasts to the ventral muscle quadrants during their migration through the body and for multiple aspects of sensory, motor, and interneuron axon guidance. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO/SAX3 family. (1273 aa) |
| | unc-31 | Calcium-dependent secretion activator; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity). Specifically required to activate the neuronal G-alpha pathway. Functions with G-alpha proteins from the same motor neurons to regulate locomotion. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by sat [...] (1401 aa) |
| | pxn-1 | Peroxidasin homolog; Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. (1285 aa) |
