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| | ced-2 | Cell death abnormality protein 2; Required for cell migration and engulfment of cell corpses but not for programmed cell death/apoptosis. Has a role in the migration of the 2 gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs). (279 aa) |
| | osm-5 | OSM-5. (820 aa) |
| | ace-2 | Carboxylic ester hydrolase; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (629 aa) |
| | sep-1 | Separin homolog sep-1; Cysteine protease, which plays a central role in homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I and in sister chromatid separation during embryonic mitosis. Promotes chromosome/sister chromatid segregation by cleaving the scc-1 (mitosis) and rec-8 (meiosis) subunits of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase (Probable). May cleave histone H3-like protein cpar-1 during meiosis I metaphase- anaphase transition. Promotes cortical granule exocytosis after oocyte fertilization during the first meiotic anaphase. Essential for embryonic cytokinesis by regulating [...] (1262 aa) |
| | ced-1 | Cell death abnormality protein 1; Involved in programmed cell death, also called apoptosis, in both somatic and germ cells. Acts by recruiting ced-6 to phagosomes which enables actin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and subsequent engulfment of the apoptotic cell corpse. Has a role in the association of ppk-3 and rab-7 with the phagosomal surface which is necessary for the incorporation of lysosomes to phagosomes during phagosome maturation. Activates the expression of unfolded protein response genes, which are involved in the immune response to live bacteria. (1111 aa) |
| | csp-3 | Non-catalytic caspase homolog csp-3; Non-catalytic caspase homolog which does not contain the region necessary for caspase activity. Acts as an inhibitor of caspase ced-3 zymogen autoactivation and delays ced-4- induced ced-3 processing. Has no effect on active ced-3. Probably by preventing ced-3 activation, protects cells, whose fate is to live, from apoptosis during embryonic and larval development ; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (139 aa) |
| | eat-2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (By similarity). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the MC pharyngeal motor neuron involved in pharyngeal pumping. Has a role in the determination of life span possibly via calorific restriction which affects growth rate, although this is independent of metabolic activity. Plays a role in the defense against the accumulation of ingested live pathogenic [...] (474 aa) |
| | ace-3 | Carboxylic ester hydrolase; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (607 aa) |
| | egl-21 | Carboxypeptidase E; During FMRFamide-like peptide (FaRPs or FLP) and neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) precursor processing, catalyzes the removal of Arg or Lys residues from the C-terminus following the initial endoprotease cleavage. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Involved in egg-laying, defecation and locomotion. By processing FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Involved in reducing pharyngeal pumping in response to high CO(2) levels. (472 aa) |
| | vav-1 | Protein vav-1; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho GTPase. Has a critical roles in the generation of rhythmic behaviors: feeding, defecation and ovulation by dynamically regulating the concentration of intracellular calcium. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis. (1007 aa) |
| | mig-2 | Rac-like GTPase. (195 aa) |
| | daf-25 | Dauer abnormal formation protein 25; May be involved in the trafficking and dendritic transport of signaling proteins, such as the receptor-type guanylate cyclases gcy-12 and daf-11, to the cilia. In ciliated sensory neurons, required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa. (388 aa) |
| | cccp-1 | CARD domain-containing protein. (743 aa) |
| | unc-34 | WH1 domain-containing protein. (468 aa) |
| | rho-1 | Ras-like GTP-binding protein rhoA; Required for ventral migration of epidermal cells during ventral enclosure in the embryo and for cell elongation. Also required for ventral migration of P cells during larval development. Involved in asymmetric spindle positioning during anaphase and establishment of cell polarity during embryo development. In adults, involved in regulation of multiple processes including locomotion, pharyngeal pumping, fecundity, ovulation, defecation and body morphology. In body wall muscles, regulates organization of myosin thick filaments downstream of unc-89. Ass [...] (192 aa) |
| | cogc-4 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 4; Required for normal Golgi function; Belongs to the COG4 family. (801 aa) |
| | nsun-5 | SAM_MT_RSMB_NOP domain-containing protein; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family. (439 aa) |
| | cogc-1 | Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Component. (787 aa) |
| | smp-1 | Semaphorin-1A; May function in growth cone guidance; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (712 aa) |
| | lad-2 | Immunoglobulin domain-containing protein Y54G2A.25. (1187 aa) |
| | plx-1 | Sema domain-containing protein. (1956 aa) |
| | dcap-1 | mRNA_decap_C domain-containing protein. (332 aa) |
| | C37C3.7 | EGF-like domain-containing protein. (356 aa) |
| | lon-2 | LONg; Belongs to the glypican family. (508 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | ahr-1 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein 1; Probable ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Acts as a transcriptional regulator in GABAergic motor neuron cell fate specification and development. Promotes cell-type-specific expression of guanylate cyclase genes that have key roles in aggregation behavior and hyperoxia avoidance. Has no role in carbon dioxide avoidance. (602 aa) |
| | acin-1 | ACINus (Mammalian Apoptotic Chromatin condensation Inducer in the Nucleus) homolog. (580 aa) |
| | clhm-1 | Calcium homeostasis modulator protein; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel. Permeable to monovalent cations, divalent cations and anions with selectivity Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) > Na(+) = K(+) > Cl(-). Acts both as a voltage-gated and calcium-activated ion channel. Required for normal locomotion; Belongs to the CALHM family. (329 aa) |
| | vps-50 | Related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor. (954 aa) |
| | gale-1 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; Catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the reversible epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose and the reversible epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N- acetylgalactosamine. The reaction with UDP-Gal plays a critical role in the Leloir pathway of galactose catabolism in which galactose is converted to the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-phosphate. It contributes to the catabolism of dietary galactose and enables the endogenous biosynthesis of both UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc when exogenous sources are limited. Both UDP-sugar interconversi [...] (349 aa) |
| | hsp-90 | Heat shock protein 90; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. By stabilizing the receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11 or another sig [...] (702 aa) |
| | unc-112 | Protein unc-112; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probable regulator of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Required during initial muscle assembly to form dense bodies and M-lines. (720 aa) |
| | egl-19 | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. (1877 aa) |
| | ced-7 | ABC transporter ced-7; Functions in the engulfment of cell corpses during embryonic programmed cell death to translocate molecules that mediate homotypic adhesion between cell surfaces of the dying and engulfing cells. (1758 aa) |
| | ced-3 | Cell death protein 3 subunit p13; Acts as a cysteine protease in controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis) by proteolytically activating or inactivating a wide range of substrates. Component of the egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic signaling cascade required for the initiation of programmed cell death in cells fated to die during embryonic and postembryonic development. During oogenesis, required for germline apoptosis downstream of ced-9 and ced-4 but independently of egl-1. By cleaving and activating ced-8, promotes phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of apoptotic ce [...] (503 aa) |
| | cil-1 | Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase; Dephosphorylates a number of phosphatidylinositols. Controls the cellular levels and subcellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate. Has a role in sperm activation and motility. Influences the localization of the transient receptor potential polycystin (TRPP) complex proteins lov-1 and pkd-2; Belongs to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase type II family. (398 aa) |
| | unc-36 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel unc-36; May act as an auxiliary subunit of the unc-2 voltage-gated calcium channel which appears to trigger calcium-activated signaling pathways that control the serotonin response. Inhibiting serotonin sensitivity of the vulval muscles results in egg laying defects. May act in both neurons and muscle cells to enhance motor activity as it is required for coordinated movement. Has a role in neural depolarization- induced calcium influx and pharyngeal pumping. Involved in restricting the expression of the putative olfactory receptor str-2 to only one of [...] (1249 aa) |
| | unc-79 | Uncoordinated protein 79. (2092 aa) |
| | lin-44 | Abnormal cell lineage protein 44; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (By similarity). Affects male tail development, vulval precursor cell specification and egg laying. Involved in morphogenesis by influencing polarity of asymmetric cell divisions of the B, U, and F cells in the male, and the T cell in males and hermaphrodites. Controls spindle orientation in B-gamma cell division during male copulatory spicule development. Involved in specification of the P7.p lineage during vulval development. Has a role in providing polarity and default lin-17 [...] (348 aa) |
| | sup-17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 homolog; Metalloprotease (By similarity). Acts together with protease adm-4 and in a cell autonomous manner to facilitate lin-12/Notch signaling during developmental cell fate decision, including anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell decision and vulva precursor cell specification. By modulating lin-12/Notch signaling, plays a role in germline development. Probably by modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling via the shedding of unc-40 ectodomain, involved in the regulation of body size and mesoderm development. Probably b [...] (922 aa) |
| | smp-2 | Sema domain-containing protein; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (649 aa) |
| | che-1 | Transcription factor che-1; Transcription factor essential for the identity of ASE chemosensory neurons. Acts by activating expression of genes that are specific for ASE chemosensory neurons, such as seven-transmembrane receptors or guanylate cyclase. Also required to control the left/right asymmetry in ASE chemosensory neurons by regulating expression of genes such as cog-1 and ceh-36. (273 aa) |
| | bar-1 | Beta-catenin/armadillo-related protein 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway which affects cell fate and may regulate the stem cell divisions of seam cells during larval development. Functions as a transcriptional activator but is dependent on the interaction with pop-1. Involved in maintaining lin-39 Hox expression and regulating glr-1 abundance at the synapses. Required for mab-5 expression during Q neuroblast migration and for oxidative stress-induced daf-16 signaling. Has roles in egg laying, vulva precursor cell fate determination, Q neuroblast migration, posterior ectoderm [...] (811 aa) |
| | lam-2 | Laminin-like protein lam-2; During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably downstream of the integrin complex formed by pat-2 and pat-3. (1633 aa) |
| | C54C6.6 | Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 20; Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility; Belongs to the CFAP20 family. (203 aa) |
| | daf-22 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like 2; Catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA with 8-16 carbon residues in the acyl group using a ping-pong mechanism whereby binding to 3-ketooctanoyl-CoA results in the release of acetyl-CoA and the subsequent addition of CoA produces 3-ketohexanohyl-CoA. Involved in the biosynthesis of the dauer pheromone by providing short chains of fatty acid that are attached to the ascarylose sugars of the pheromone. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (412 aa) |
| | par-4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4; Required for cytoplasmic partitioning and asymmetric cell division in early embryogenesis. Controls the asymmetric cell division of the Q.p neuroblast lineage. Involved in mediating cell polarization via regulation of anillin family scaffold proteins. Phosphorylates and restricts the asymmetry effectors mex-5 and mex-6 to the anterior cytoplasm of the zygote and maintains these phosphorylations until fertilization. May phosphorylate par-1. Required for strd-1 localization to the cell cortex of early embryos and may be required for strd-1 protein s [...] (617 aa) |
| | npr-22 | Neuropeptide receptor 22; Receptor for the LURY-1-1 and LURY-1-2 peptides which control food-related processes including feeding, lifespan, egg-laying and roaming behavior. Receptor for flp-7 which stimulates serotonin-induced fat loss. Serotonin induces secretion of flp-7 from neurons and binding to npr-22 which leads to induction of the atgp-1 lipase and subsequent fat loss. Acts in vitro as a receptor for the flp-7 FMRFamide- like neuropeptides TPMQRSSMVRF-amide, SPMQRSSMVRF-amide, SPMERSAMVRF- amide and SPMDRSKMVRF-amide. Also acts in vitro as a receptor for a number of other FMRFa [...] (434 aa) |
| | kvs-1 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the potassium channel family. (495 aa) |
| | hda-1 | Histone deacetylase 1; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression. Plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in the endoderm determination possibly by repressing end-1 expression. Also involved in vulval development, possibly by repressing lag-2 expression. In association with akir-1, plays a role in regula [...] (461 aa) |
| | sqv-7 | UDP-sugar transporter sqv-7; Involved in the import of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA), UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) and UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen for the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates that play a pivotal role in development. Involved in the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Required for embryonic development. Involved in vulva epithelium invagination and embryonic development. Involved in the directed migration of hermaphrodite-specific neurons. Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35D subfamily. (329 aa) |
| | unc-104 | Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa) |
| | egl-3 | Neuroendocrine convertase 2; Serine endoprotease which cleaves preproteins at paired basic amino acids. Processes FMRFamide-like (flp) and neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) neuropeptides. Probably by processing flp-1 and flp-18, modulates the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance and thus the level of activity of the locomotor circuit. Regulates sensitivity to mechanosensory stimuli. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Probably by processing flp neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. [...] (652 aa) |
| | lev-1 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type lev-1; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (507 aa) |
| | mig-10 | Abnormal cell migration protein 10; Required cell non-autonomously for proper development of the excretory canals and for the long-range anterior-posterior migrations of embryonic neurons CAN, ALM and HSN. Plays a role, probably downstream of ced-10/rac1, in orientating axonal growth of HSN and AVM neurons in response to guidance cues such as slt- 1. May regulate growth cone polarization by promoting asymmetric F-actin assembly. May be involved in signal transduction during cell migration. Belongs to the MRL family. (779 aa) |
| | mig-32 | RING-type domain-containing protein. (549 aa) |
| | kpc-1 | Furin-like protease kpc-1; Furin-like protease which cleaves proproteins at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. During neuronal development, regulates the formation and extension of dendrite branches and cellular positioning of various type of neurons. Promotes the formation, extension and self-avoidance of dendritic branches of PVD and FLP mechanosensory neurons. In PVD neurons, regulates plasma membrane levels of branching receptor dma-1 by targeting it to late endosomes and thus promotes normal dendrite branching and dendrite self-avoidance. Also controls dendrite extension in AIY and D-t [...] (692 aa) |
| | srgp-1 | Rho-GAP domain-containing protein. (1059 aa) |
| | ins-1 | IlGF domain-containing protein. (109 aa) |
| | gpb-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. In the early embryo, controls the magnitude of the forces acting on centrosomes but is not required for generating asymmetric forces. (340 aa) |
| | unc-97 | LIM domain-containing protein unc-97; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probably function in adherens junction. Affects the structural integrity of the integrin containing muscle adherens junctions and contributes to the mechanosensory functions of touch neurons. (348 aa) |
| | vab-3 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (455 aa) |
| | dop-1 | G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (460 aa) |
| | dys-1 | Dystrophin-1; Plays a role in cholinergic transmission and as a functional partner of dystrobrevin (dyb-1), necessary for muscle maintenance. Required for neuronal positioning. (3674 aa) |
| | acy-1 | Adenylyl CYclase. (1253 aa) |
| | unc-38 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-38; Alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Probably acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (511 aa) |
| | F23H12.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (802 aa) |
| | unc-80 | Protein unc-80; Probable component of the nca-1 sodium channel complex, a cation channel that regulates neuronal activity by transmitting depolarization signals to synapses. Regulates the transition from slow to rapid forms of locomotion. Required for localization of nca-1 along axons and in non-synaptic regions. Contributes to endocytosis defects in synaptojanin mutants. Involved in the control of anasthetic response to halothane. (3263 aa) |
| | blmp-1 | B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 homolog; Transcription factor which binds to enhancer elements in the promoter region of genes. Regulates the expression of the transcription factor bed-3 to control vulval development. Promotes terminal differentiation in the hypodermis and is involved in regulation of gonadal outgrowth and entry into the dauer stage. Regulates the timing of dorsalward migration of the distal tip cells of the hermaphrodite gonad by inhibiting precocious unc-5 and lin-29 expression which in turn prevents early dorsalward turning. Plays a role in male tail tip m [...] (817 aa) |
| | ndk-1 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase; Belongs to the NDK family. (153 aa) |
| | cfz-2 | Frizzled-2; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of gsk-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta- catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of gsk-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...] (578 aa) |
| | egl-10 | Regulator of G-protein signaling egl-10; Involved in egg-laying and locomotion. May regulate G protein goa-1 signaling. (639 aa) |
| | lrp-1 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; May act as a receptor for the endocytosis of extracellular ligands such as chylomicron remnants, protease-inhibitor complexes and vitellogenin; Belongs to the LDLR family. (4753 aa) |
| | stn-1 | Syntrophin-1; Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC). May also act by slowing calcium channel activity via a direct or indirect mechanism potentially involving other second messengers. Plays an early role in the formation of the neuromuscular junction and is necessary for muscle maintenance. (440 aa) |
| | aex-5 | Endoprotease aex-5; Probable serine endoprotease which cleaves preproteins at paired basic amino acids. May process FMRFamide-like (flp) and neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) neuropeptides. In muscles, involved in neuronal retrograde signaling by regulating presynaptic activity and localization of synaptic vesicle fusion protein unc-13 at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Acts in the intestine to regulate anterior body muscle contractions (aBOC) and the expulsion steps during the defecation motor program (DMP). Probably by regulating DMP, required for fatty acid uptake by intestinal cell [...] (537 aa) |
| | ilcr-1 | Interleukin cytokine receptor-related protein 1; Forms a receptor complex together with receptor ilcr-2, which upon activation acts as a modulator of neuronal activity. Binding of the ligand ilc-17.1 to the ilcr-1/2 receptor complex triggers a signaling cascade that activates the downsteam signaling components actl-1, pik-1 and nfki-1, and results in increased neuronal activity in RMG interneurons in response to input from oxygen-sensing neurons. This leads to increased animal movement and promotes aggregation behavior. (846 aa) |
| | Y64G10A.7 | Uncharacterized protein. (1714 aa) |
| | mca-3 | Calcium-transporting ATPase; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium. (1234 aa) |
| | fat-1 | Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase fat-1; Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase that acts on a range of substrates. Catalyzes the desaturation of linolenic acid (18:2n-6), dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (DHGLA) (20:3n-6), and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), to generate gamma linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) respectively. Although the enzyme has been suggested to act on glycerolipids, the precise nature of the fatty acid substrate is unknown. (402 aa) |
| | cogc-3 | Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Component. (794 aa) |
| | lin-17 | Transmembrane receptor LIN-17; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (558 aa) |
| | mab-20 | Semaphorin-2A; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Seems to control cell-cell contact formation through 2 parallel pathways, one involving efn-4 and one involving plx-2 and unc-129. Involved in axon guidance. Probably by binding receptor plx-2, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus [...] (658 aa) |
| | lury-1 | Luqin-like RYamide peptides lury-1; [LURY-1-1]: Acts as a ligand for the npr-22 receptor and controls food-related processes including feeding, lifespan, egg-laying and roaming behavior. Secreted in the presence of food, leading to reduced feeding and roaming behavior and increased egg laying and lifespan. Activity may be latent under normal conditions but induced under conditions that cause hyperactivation of the pharynx such as abrupt refeeding after starvation. (89 aa) |
| | eipr-1 | EARP-interacting protein 1; Plays a role in the trafficking of cargo to dense-core vesicles, probably through association with the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex. Important for neuronal function. Belongs to the WD repeat EIPR1 family. (362 aa) |
| | src-1 | Tyrosine protein-kinase src-1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase which plays a role in endoderm development by controlling spindle orientation in EMS blastomere, probably downstream of receptor mes-1. Also involved in embryonic body morphogenesis, especially in the formation of the pharynx and the intestine. May be dispensable for pharyngeal muscle organization in the adult. Probably phosphorylates netrin receptor unc-5, to regulate distal tip cell (DTC) migration during gonad development and in axon repulsion. Plays a role in the migration of the QR neuroblast, a precursor of the A [...] (537 aa) |
| | unc-52 | Basement membrane proteoglycan; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probable structural role in myofilament assembly and/or attachment of the myofilament lattice to the cell membrane. May be an extracellular anchor for integrin receptors in body wall muscles and myoepithelial sheath cells. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably downstream of the integrin complex formed by pat-2 and pat-3. Involved in ovulation. (3375 aa) |
| | lin-11 | Protein lin-11; Probable transcription factor which is required for asymmetric division of vulval blast cells. Involved in olfactory plasticity probably by regulating the expression of transcription factor mbr-1 in RIF neurons. Plays a role in the chemorepulsive response toward ascaroside pheromones mediated by the ADL sensory neurons, probably by regulating E-box motif 5'-CANNTG-3' containing target genes in the ADL neurons. Plays a role in the differentiation of the ADL sensory neurons. (405 aa) |
| | unc-17 | Vesicular acetylcholine transporter unc-17; Involved in acetylcholine transport into synaptic vesicles. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family. (532 aa) |
| | mig-15 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mig-15; Involved in cell migration and signal transduction. Important in several developmental processes including epidermal development, Q neuroblast migrations and muscle arm targeting. Required with ina-1/pat-3 to stabilize the commissural axons growth cone along a precise direction and are required for the cell to respond appropriately when signaling in the growth cone must change. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC) migration from the dorsal side of the hermaphrodite body to the midbody to allow for formation of gonad arms. (1096 aa) |
| | pat-3 | Integrin beta pat-3; Integrin alpha ina-1/beta pat-3 is a receptor for laminin. Integrin alpha pat-2/beta pat-3 recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands (Probable). Plays a role in cell migration, morphogenesis and probably in cell-cell interactions. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M line [...] (809 aa) |
| | nfi-1 | CTF/NF-I domain-containing protein. (823 aa) |
| | pmr-1 | Calcium-transporting ATPase; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium. (978 aa) |
| | sax-3 | Protein sax-3; Required to confine migrating sex myoblasts to the ventral muscle quadrants during their migration through the body and for multiple aspects of sensory, motor, and interneuron axon guidance. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO/SAX3 family. (1273 aa) |
| | eat-4 | Probable vesicular glutamate transporter eat-4; Required for glutamatergic synaptic transmission. In AWB and AWC sensory neurons, required for the detection of preferred food sources, probably via glutamatergic neurotransmission from sensory neurons. Negatively regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. (576 aa) |
| | unc-22 | Twitchin; Regulator of muscle contraction and relaxation. Senses mechanical strain that occurs during muscle activity by unfolding in clearly resolvable steps at differing forces. Plays a role in the organization of sarcomeres in body wall muscles ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (7158 aa) |
| | unc-32 | Probable V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a; Required for assembly and activity of the vacuolar ATPase. Potential role in differential targeting and regulation of the enzyme for a specific organelle (Probable). Regulates the size of gut granules during embryonic development. (905 aa) |
| | unc-31 | Calcium-dependent secretion activator; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity). Specifically required to activate the neuronal G-alpha pathway. Functions with G-alpha proteins from the same motor neurons to regulate locomotion. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by sat [...] (1401 aa) |
| | pxn-1 | Peroxidasin homolog; Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. (1285 aa) |
| | daf-11 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. In addition, regulates cGMP levels by controlling the transcription of 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-1 and pde-5 mRNAs. Involved in the olfactory, light and pheromone sensing pathways. Part of the chemosensory mechanism of the ASJ sensory neuron that controls dauer formation and dauer recovery. Promotes the calcium flux in ASJ sensory neurons in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response [...] (1077 aa) |
| | ida-1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like ida-1; Regulates dense-core vesicle (DCV) trafficking and/or secretion. Probably by controlling DCV trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Involved in locomotion by regulating acetylcholine release. Probably by controlling the secretion of FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Plays a role in preventing dauer formation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 8 subfamily. (767 aa) |
| | calf-1 | CAlcium channel Localization Factor. (177 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | hse-5 | D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase; Converts D-glucuronic acid residues adjacent to N-sulfate sugar residues to L-iduronic acids (By similarity). Plays a role in the early migration of AQR and PQR neurons, which descend from the Q neuroblasts ; Belongs to the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase family. (616 aa) |
| | age-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homolog that regulates longevity and diapause. Promotes cell survival during embryonic development by recruiting akt-1/2 to the plasma membrane through the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Could function in the development or neuroendocrine signaling of the dauer pathway. Mediates susceptibility to enteropathogenic E.coli infection. May negatively regulate AYI interneuron neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in aversive olfactory learning when an odor is associated with food deprivation. Regulates this process by promoting the [...] (1182 aa) |
| | egl-8 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta egl-8; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (By similarity). Required in the nervous system to modulate neuronal activity. Facilitates synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions by regulating the release of acetylcholine from the motor neurons and thus affecting locomotion. Plays a role in efficient egg laying and defecation. Involved in axon regeneration [...] (1512 aa) |
| | unc-44 | Uncharacterized protein. (6994 aa) |
| | clec-41 | C-type LECtin. (545 aa) |
| | rnt-1 | Runt domain-containing protein. (301 aa) |
| | vps-51 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 51 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex facilitates tethering as well as SNARE complex assembly at the Golgi. Plays a role in the trafficking of cargo to dense-core vesicles, probably through association with the EARP-interacting protein eipr-1. Important for neuronal function. Belongs to the VPS51 family. (700 aa) |
| | cat-2 | Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Involved in the synthesis of catecholamines, such as dopamine. Has a role in serotonin signaling. Required for normal explorative and foraging behavior. (524 aa) |
| | unc-30 | Homeobox protein unc-30; Transcriptional regulator within D-type neurons that controls terminal differentiation. Required for the development and function of the 19 inhibitory GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric-acid- secreting) D-type motor neurons, which control locomotion. Plays a role in regulating synapse formation in dorsal D (DD) and ventral D (VD) GABAergic motor neurons, possibly in part by regulating the expression of the neural regulator oig-1. Also required for expression of flp-13 in DD motor neurons. Plays a role in respecification of DD motor neurons through regulation of gene [...] (323 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | snet-1 | Protein snet-1; Negatively regulates chemotaxis and olfactory plasticity which is the change from positive chemotaxis to dispersal after prolonged exposure to an odorant. May be down-regulated in response to pheromone exposure, resulting in promotion of olfactory plasticity. (101 aa) |
| | ced-5 | CED-5. (1781 aa) |
| | aex-3 | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a novel and significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death, caspase-mediated apoptosis (By similarity). Converts GDP-bound inactive form of rab-3 and cab-1 to the GTP-bound active forms. Regulator of presynaptic activity that interacts with rab-3 to regulate synaptic vesicle release. Is also a regulator of the cab-1 synaptic transmission pathway. Probably by converting rab-3 to its GTP-bound active form, plays a role [...] (1409 aa) |
| | egl-27 | Egg-laying defective protein 27; Transcription factor which promotes stress survival and delays aging. Required for cell cycle progression and development of the mesodermal and endodermal embryonic lineages. Required for normal T-cell polarity, for correct migration of QL neuroblast descendants and other cells, for embryonic patterning and for the embryonic expression of hlh-8. Also required for the transdifferentiation of the Y rectal epithelial cell to the PDA motor neuron during larval development. (1129 aa) |
| | sor-3 | Sop-2-related protein 3; Probably acts synergistically with sop-2 to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes in order to regulate various neurogenic identities. Specification of some neuronal identities also involves expression of non-Hox genes. Specifies dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal cell fate, and regulates neurotransmitter choice and axon pathfinding. (531 aa) |
| | unc-78 | Actin-interacting protein 1; Induces disassembly of actin filaments in conjunction with ADF/cofilin family proteins. Regulator of actin organization in myofibrils. (611 aa) |
| | let-756 | Protein let-756; Required for larval development. Probably by binding receptor egl-15, regulates negatively membrane protrusion from body wall muscles during larval development. (425 aa) |
| | unc-40 | Unc-40 protein. (1415 aa) |
| | dop-3 | Dopamine receptor 3; Receptor for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. In terms of antagonist responses, would be classed with the D2-like dopamine receptor group. Mediates the effect of dopamine on the inhibition of locomotion. Acts as an antagonist of dop-1. (607 aa) |
| | spat-3 | RING-type domain-containing protein. (2476 aa) |
| | daf-9 | Cytochrome P450 daf-9; Sterol hydroxylase that catalyzes the successive oxidization of the side chains of the 3-keto steroids 4-cholesten-3-one and lathosterone to form their carboxylic acid derivatives Delta(4)- dafachronic acid and Delta(7)-dafachronic acid respectively. Dafachronic acids bind directly to the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) daf-12, suppressing dauer formation and inducing reproductive growth. In a non-cell autonomous manner, negatively regulates body wall muscle arm extensions to motor neurons probably by preventing daf-12 isoform b activation. May be involved in ther [...] (572 aa) |
| | ssup-72 | RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase ssup-72; Protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates 'Ser-5' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the large RNA polymerase II subunit ama-1. By regulating the phosphorylation status of ama-1 and thus ama-1 binding to specific polyadenylation sites, regulates alternative polyadenylation of pre- mRNAs, including unc-44 and dlk-1 mRNAs. This results in the tissue-specific expression of unc-44 isoforms. (197 aa) |
| | rhgf-2 | DH domain-containing protein. (1149 aa) |
| | unc-29 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type unc-29; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine and levasimole. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (493 aa) |
| | daf-18 | Abnormal dauer formation protein 18; Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins (By similarity). Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. By dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 antagonizes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production by age-1/PI3K and thus, negatively regulates daf-2-mediated processes including dauer formation, longevity, fat metabolism, chemotaxis towards salt, thermotolerance and axon guidance. Similarly, [...] (962 aa) |
| | mps-3 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (167 aa) |
| | vps-53 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 53 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex facilitates tethering as well as SNARE complex assembly at the Golgi. Plays a role in the trafficking of cargo to dense-core vesicles, probably through association with the EARP-interacting protein eipr-1. Important for neuronal function. (798 aa) |
| | nep-2 | Neprilysin-2; Required for olfactory plasticity, which is the change from positive chemotaxis to dispersal after prolonged exposure to an odorant. Thought to antagonise snet-1 by degrading excess snet-1 peptides and thus enabling olfactory plasticity. (736 aa) |
| | plc-3 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma plc-3; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (Probable). Regulates basal and ovulatory sheath cell contractions by controlling Ca(2+) oscillations via IP3-mediated activation of IP3 receptor itr-1. In intestinal epithelial cells, regulates Ca(2+) oscillations which control posterior body wall muscle contractions required for defecation by IP3-mediated activation [...] (1350 aa) |
| | egl-43 | Uncharacterized protein. (543 aa) |
| | sma-1 | SMAll. (4166 aa) |
| | pde-4 | Probable 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-4; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes (By similarity). Antagonizes dorsal D (DD) motor neuron respecification by reducing levels of cAMP. (674 aa) |
| | wip-1 | WH2 domain-containing protein. (362 aa) |
| | unc-9 | Innexin unc-9; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (386 aa) |
| | usp-46 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 46; Regulates the abundance of the glr-1 glutamate receptor in the ventral nerve cord by promoting its deubiquitination and preventing its degradation in the lysosome. Contributes to the regulation of embryonic polarity. (426 aa) |
| | cbp-1 | Protein cbp-1; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). May prevent DNA damage-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cep-1-dependent transcription activation of the programmed cell death activator egl-1. (2017 aa) |
| | ebax-1 | SWIM-type domain-containing protein. (1717 aa) |
| | mig-23 | Nucleoside-diphosphatase mig-23; Seems to be able to hydrolyze ADP, UDP and GDP. Supports mig- 17 glycosylation and surface expression, which is required for proper migration of distal tip cells during gonad morphogenesis. (552 aa) |
| | unc-7 | Innexin unc-7; Structural component of the gap junctions (By similarity). Required for coordinated locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin- 23 and phospholipase plc-3 in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the quiescent state that precedes each larval molt. (546 aa) |
| | mig-14 | Protein wntless homolog; Probable sorting receptor which regulates endocytosis and secretion of the wnt ligand egl-20. Recycling of mig-14 from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus by the retromer complex is essential for its function. Its endosomal trafficking is regulated by its association with sorting nexin snx-3 on early endosomes and the mtm-6/mtm-9 myotubularin complex. Required in embryonic development for endoderm specification and the correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindles and division planes in blastomere cells. Functions during vulval development, [...] (549 aa) |
| | cogc-8 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 8; Required for normal Golgi function. (743 aa) |
| | abl-1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase abl-1; Functions downstream of migratory protein mig-13 and is involved in Q neuroblast migration during larval development. Recruited by mig-13 to the leading edge of Q neuroblasts and their descendents to signal downstream, likely to the wve-1 pathway, and direct migration along the anteroposterior body axis. Promotes germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. ABL subfamily. (1224 aa) |
| | dab-1 | PID domain-containing protein. (492 aa) |
| | hlh-2 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (399 aa) |
| | vab-1 | Ephrin receptor 1; Receptor for members of the ephrin family (By similarity). Receptor for major sperm proteins (MSPs), that functions as sperm- sensing checkpoint which inhibits oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation when sperm are not available for fertilization. Specifically, functions to negatively regulates oocyte maturation and MAPK activation in the absence of MSPs. Required for the MSP-mediated increase in the basal sheath cell contraction rate in somatic cells. Phosphorylates phosphatase daf-18/PTEN which probably promotes daf-18 degradation. By inactivating daf-18, regulates [...] (1122 aa) |
| | snf-6 | Sodium-dependent acetylcholine transporter; Mediates sodium-dependent uptake of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions during periods of increased synaptic activity, may also prevent spillover to adjacent synaptic sites. Not involved in the uptake of other neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine, proline and glutamate) and there was also no inhibition of uptake by adding an excess of other candidate substrates (GABA, glycine, taurine, creatine, proline, alanine, carnitine, glutamate and betaine). Required for muscle integrity; altered transport of acetylcholine due to loss of dystrophin-gly [...] (714 aa) |
| | egl-30 | Heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit. (355 aa) |
| | vab-8 | Kinesin-like protein vab-8; Required for posterior migration of cells and axon growth cones during nervous system assembly. [Isoform b]: Specifically required for CAN cell migration. (1066 aa) |
| | acr-2 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type acr-2; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (575 aa) |
| | unc-70 | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2326 aa) |
| | cwn-1 | Protein Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. Binds receptor tyrosine kinase cam-1. Together with Wnt ligand cwn-2, regulates the migration of CAN, ALM, BDU and HSN neurons during embryogenesis, the migration of QL and QR neuroblast descendants during larval development, and polarity of ALM neurons. Also acts with the Wnt ligand egl-20 to direct HSN neuron migration. Acts [...] (372 aa) |
| | spc-1 | SPeCtrin. (2432 aa) |
| | dop-2 | G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein. (849 aa) |
| | pdr-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins; Belongs to the RBR family. Parkin subfamily. (386 aa) |
| | epi-1 | Laminin-like protein epi-1; During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably downstream of the integrin complex formed by pat-2 and pat-3. (3715 aa) |
| | crml-1 | Carm_PH domain-containing protein. (1056 aa) |
| | cogc-6 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6; Required for normal Golgi function. (642 aa) |
| | sol-2 | Suppressor Of Lurcher movement defect. (436 aa) |
| | apr-1 | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein-related protein 1; Has a role in endoderm cell specification and pharyngeal development. Required for the migration of epithelial cells, organization of the anterior seam cells and ceh-13 expression during embryo morphogenesis. Prevents hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway during endoderm development, probably by preventing hmp-2 nuclear translocation. During larval development, apr-1 is required for expression of lin-39 in P3-8.p. Shown to negatively regulate Wnt signaling in vulval precursor cells. Has a role in cell division by establishing [...] (1188 aa) |
| | rack-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1; Required for the expression of antimicrobial peptide nlp-29 in response to fungal infection or physical injury. (325 aa) |
| | plx-2 | Plexin-2; Involved as a receptor for mab-20/sema-2a in the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, involved in precursor cell sorting and in the formation of distinct sensory rays. Involved in axon guidance of SDQL neurons during neurogenesis. Probably in response to stimulation by mab-20, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus axon guidance and/or fasciculation of DD/VD neurons. Bel [...] (1766 aa) |
| | deg-3 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type deg-3; Subunit of the non-synaptic neuronal acetylcholine receptor, which may play a role in chemotaxis towards choline. After binding choline or acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion- conducting channel across the plasma membrane ; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (564 aa) |
| | mps-2 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (164 aa) |
| | unc-26 | Synaptojanin; Probable inositol 5-phosphatase which regulates synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis; In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family. (1119 aa) |
| | pdk-1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Involved in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway, which controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates and activates sgk-1, akt-1 and akt-2. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily. (636 aa) |
| | zmp-2 | Matrix metalloproteinase-B; Metalloprotease involved in molting, a process during larval stages in which a new cuticle is formed and the old cuticle is shed. Plays a role in thermotolerance probably by preventing the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins and cholesterol. (519 aa) |
| | adr-1 | A-to-I RNA editing regulator adr-1; Required for the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. Does not have deaminase activity but binds to dsRNA and regulates A-to-I RNA editing, possibly by modulating the accessibility of the double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2 for target adenosines. Regulates editing efficiency of specific adenosines in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Represses editing efficiency of the Y75B8A.8 3' UTR in neurons. Required for correct expression and A-to-I editing of [...] (964 aa) |
| | ric-7 | Uncharacterized protein. (709 aa) |
| | pkc-1 | Protein kinase C-like 1B; PKC is activated by diacylglycerol which in turn phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins. PKC also serves as the receptor for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Involved in neuropeptide secretion in motor axons. Likely to act via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway in the signaling response to various sensory neurons; temperature, odor, taste, and osmolality. Its role in regulation differs depending on the neuron in which it is acting; thermosensation in AFD neurons, osmolality in ASH neuro [...] (763 aa) |
| | mig-17 | Metalloprotease mig-17; Metalloprotease. Acts in the basement membrane to control directional migration of distal tip cells (DTCs) along the body wall basement membranes, a key step that promotes gonad morphogenesis. Regulates DTC migration probably by recruiting fibulin fbl-1, type IV collagen let-2 and nidogen nid-1 to the gonad basement membrane thereby promoting the remodeling of the basement membrane. During larval development and probably upstream of basement membrane proteins fbl-1, let-2 and nid-1, regulates pharynx length, probably by regulating pharyngeal cell length. Does no [...] (509 aa) |
| | let-607 | BZIP domain-containing protein. (690 aa) |
| | fbl-1 | Fibulin-1; Incorporated into fibronectin-containing matrix fibers. Plays a role in cell adhesion and migration along protein fibers within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Important for certain developmental processes and contributes to the supramolecular organization of ECM architecture, in particular to those of basement membranes. [Isoform c]: Involved in the assembly of the flexible hemicentin-containing tracks found joining the pharynx and body-wall- muscle basement membranes; Belongs to the fibulin family. (751 aa) |
| | fax-1 | Nuclear receptor domain-containing protein. (419 aa) |
| | ced-6 | Cell death protein 6; May function as an adapter protein in a pathway that mediates recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during normal development. Promotes engulfment of cells at both early and late stages of apoptosis. Required for actin reorganization around apoptotic cells. Belongs to the ced-6 family. (492 aa) |
| | ilcr-2 | Interleukin cytokine receptor-related protein 2; Forms a receptor complex together with receptor ilcr-1, which upon activation acts as a modulator of neuronal activity. Binding of the ligand ilc-17.1 to the ilcr-1/2 receptor complex triggers a signaling cascade that activates the downsteam signaling components actl-1, pik-1 and nfki-1, and results in increased neuronal activity in RMG interneurons in response to input from oxygen-sensing neurons. This leads to increased animal movement and promotes aggregation behavior. (718 aa) |
| | unc-64 | Syntaxin-1A homolog; Plays a critical role in several secretory processes, including cuticle secretion and neurotransmitter release, and probably assists in neuronal membrane maturation or the final stages of neuronal differentiation. Essential for embryonic viability and development. Has a role in dauer formation and adult life span. Required for locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin-23 and phospholipase plc-3 and upstream of innexin unc-7 and egl-4/PKG in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the qui [...] (291 aa) |
| | bro-1 | BROther (Drosophila tx factor partner) homolog. (152 aa) |
| | unc-39 | Homeobox protein unc-39; Probable transcription factor required for differentiation and migration of neuronal cells, such as RID and CAN neurons. Specifically, plays a role in the terminal differentiation of RID peptidergic neurons. Also required for CAN neuron axon guidance. (335 aa) |
| | efn-4 | Ephrin-4; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, involved in ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting together with mab-20 and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Probably acts as a ligand for lad-2 to regulate axon guidance of several neurons including SDQL, SDQR, SMD and PLN neurons during neurogenesis. (348 aa) |
| | unc-73 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor UNC-73A. (2488 aa) |
| | egl-4 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4; Promotes chemoreceptor gene expression in response to increased cGMP levels by antagonizing the gene repression functions of the class II HDAC hda-4 and the mef-2 transcription factor. Regulates gene expression via recruitment of a histone deacetylase complex containing hda-2, saeg-1 and saeg-2. Represses body size and lifespan through the dbl-1 and insulin pathways, respectively. May also signal through daf-3 and/or daf-5. Role in egg-laying, dauer formation and motility. Regulates behavioral responses to various chemosensory stimuli in sensory neu [...] (783 aa) |
| | glr-1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of glutamate are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May contribute to a sensory discrimination between mechanical and chemical stimuli. Plays a role in controlling movement in response to environmental cues such as food availability and mechanosensory stimulation such as the nose touch response. In AIB interneurons, promotes om [...] (962 aa) |
| | ain-1 | ALG-1 INteracting protein. (641 aa) |
| | cogc-2 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 2; Required for normal Golgi morphology and function. (681 aa) |
| | wdr-20 | WD repeat-containing protein 20 homolog; Together with wdr-48, binds to and stimulates the activity of the deubiquitinating enzyme usp-46, leading to deubiquitination and stabilization of the glr-1 glutamate receptor. (768 aa) |
| | mab-5 | Homeobox protein mab-5; Transcription factor that binds to the promoter region of the transcription factor lin-39 to repress its expression in Q neuroblasts and thereby direct left Q neuroblast (QL) daughter cell migration. During postembryonic development, required for posterior-specific pattern formation. Within the posterior body region, controls epidermal, neuronal, and mesodermal cell differentiation. Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. (200 aa) |
| | rap-3 | RAP homolog (Vertebrate Rap GTPase family). (205 aa) |
| | nhr-67 | Nuclear hormone receptor family member nhr-67; Orphan nuclear receptor. In males, plays an essential role in the migration of the linker cell which guides gonad elongation during the L3 and L4 stages of larval development by negatively regulating the expression of netrin receptor unc-5 at the mid-L3 stage. (416 aa) |
| | unc-89 | Muscle M-line assembly protein unc-89; Structural component of the muscle M line which is involved in assembly and organization of sarcomere myofilaments. The large isoform a, isoform b, isoform d and isoform f play an essential role in maintaining the organization of sarcomeres but not myofilament alignment during body wall muscle development whereas the small isoform c and isoform d appear to have a minor role. Isoform b and isoform f are required for the organization of unc-15/paramyosin into sarcomere thick filaments in body wall muscles. By binding mel-26, a substrate adapter of t [...] (8081 aa) |
| | dgk-1 | Diacylglycerol kinase. (952 aa) |
| | ced-10 | Ras-related protein ced-10; Required in engulfing to control the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses. Required in embryonic development for the correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindles and division planes in blastomere cells. Involved in hypodermal cell fusion, together with pak-1 and cdc-42, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. ced-2 and ced-5 function to activate ced-10 in a GTPase signaling pathway that controls the polarized extension of cell surfaces. Plays a redundant role with mig-2 in dorsal axonal guid [...] (191 aa) |
| | hyl-1 | Ceramide synthase hyl-1; Catalyzes the acylation of sphingosine to form ceramides. Exhibits substrate preference for fatty acyl-coA chains containing 24 and 26 carbons. (372 aa) |
| | lin-10 | Protein lin-10; Required specifically for the determination of 3 vulval precursor cell fates P5.p, P6.p and P7.p during late second and early third larval stages; required for basolateral localization of receptor tyrosine kinase let-23. Could have a general but redundant role in development, functioning in diverse cell lineages to control cell fates. Regulates the trafficking of the glutamate receptor glr-1 in the ventral nerve cord. (982 aa) |
| | mnm-2 | Zinc finger protein mnm-2; Required in the M3 pharyngeal motor neuron to guide the growth cone of the sister M2 motor neuron during axon development. (249 aa) |
| | unc-77 | Uncharacterized protein. (1867 aa) |
| | sop-2 | Polycomb protein sop-2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Also required to repress expression of other genes and for localization of sor-1. Binds RNA. (737 aa) |
| | ncx-9 | Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger protein; Mitochondrial sodium/calcium antiporter that mediates sodium- dependent calcium efflux from mitochondrion, thereby acting as a key regulator of mitochondrion calcium homeostasis (Probable). Required for patterning of neural circuits: functions in the same pathway as RAC- dependent effectors of the unc-6/netrin signaling pathway to set left/ right patterning of the VD/DD GABAergic circuit. Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily. (701 aa) |
| | sol-1 | Suppressor of lurcher protein 1; Accessory protein required for glutamate-gated currents. May participate in the gating of non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) ionotropic glutamate receptors such as glr-1. (594 aa) |
| | lin-18 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase RYK; Has no detectable kinase activity in vitro and is unlikely to function as a tyrosine kinase in vivo (By similarity). Receptor which may act as a receptor for Wnt ligand mom-2. Plays a role in controlling P7.p vulva precursor cell lineage orientation during vulva development. Regulates pop-1 asymmetric distribution in P7.p and its daughter cells. Plays a role in the migration of ALM neurons during embryogenesis. (583 aa) |
| | eat-16 | Uncharacterized protein. (473 aa) |
| | tiar-1 | RRM domain-containing protein. (408 aa) |
| | rab-3 | Ras-related protein Rab-3; Involved in exocytosis by regulating a late step in synaptic vesicle fusion. Could play a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal (By similarity). Plays a role in the recruitment of endophilin unc-57 to synaptic vesicles. Probably by controlling dense-core vesicle trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (233 aa) |
| | cab-1 | Protein cab-1. (425 aa) |
| | rap-2 | RAP homolog (Vertebrate Rap GTPase family). (181 aa) |
| | goa-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(o) protein function is not clear. In the 1-cell embryo, probably together with gpa-16, controls nuclear rotation and spindle elongation during mitosis. During the first embryonic cell divisions, plays a role in gpr-1/2 cortical localization and in the proper orientation of EMS blastomere mitotic spindle. Polarity determinants (par genes) may regulate lin- 5/gpr-1/gpr-2/goa-1 locally to create [...] (354 aa) |
| | nca-2 | Four domain-type voltage-gated ion channel alpha-1 subunit. (1785 aa) |
| | unc-41 | Putative stoned B-like protein; Potential adapter protein, which may be involved in endocytic vesicle recycling of synaptic vesicles; Belongs to the Stoned B family. (1693 aa) |
| | hlh-12 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (150 aa) |
| | mps-1 | MiRP K channel accessory Subunit. (257 aa) |
| | pat-4 | Integrin-linked protein kinase homolog pat-4; Probable pseudokinase that acts as an adapter protein. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M lines during body wall muscle development by recruiting several of their components including integrin pat-3, cpna-1, unc-89 and unc- 112 to integrin-mediated attachment sites. Plays a role in distal tip cell (DTC) migration and in oocyte development probably by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. During the formation of neuromus [...] (466 aa) |
| | ubr-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ubr-1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway (By similarity). Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N- end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation (By similarity). In complex with ced-3, required for the ced-3-mediated cleavage and subsequent degradation of the heterochronic protein lin-28 to regulate seam cell fate patterning during larval development. Negatively regulates glutamate metabolism through the aspartate aminotrans [...] (2058 aa) |
| | ric-19 | Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase protein 19; May be involved in a role in neurotransmitter secretion. (430 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | dyc-1 | Dystrophin-like protein 1; Together with dys-1 and hlh-1, participates in a common muscular function. (887 aa) |
| | sphk-1 | Sphingosine kinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on sphinganine (By similarity). Required for neurotransmitter release from neuromuscular junctions. Acts by recruiting the synaptic vesicle priming protein unc-13 to synapses (Probable). (473 aa) |
| | hst-2 | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase hst-2; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the C2-position of selected hexuronic acid residues within the maturing heparan sulfate (HS). Involved in cell adhesion and guidance by specifically modifying proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface that are essential for axon migrations. (324 aa) |
| | atrn-1 | Putative protein tag-53. (1269 aa) |
| | itr-1 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor itr-1; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. Binds in vitro to both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-InsP3) and inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate (2,4,5-InsP3) with high affinity and does not discriminate between the phosphate at 1 or 2 position. Can also bind inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (1,3,4,5-InsP4) and inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (4,5-InsP2), but with lower affinity. Acts as a timekeeper/rhythm generator via calcium signaling, affecting the defecation cycle and pharyn [...] (2892 aa) |
| | F35D2.3 | Uncharacterized protein. (256 aa) |
| | wdr-48 | WD repeat-containing protein 48 homolog; Together with wdr-20, binds to and stimulates the activity of the deubiquitinating enzyme usp-46, leading to deubiquitination and stabilization of the glr-1 glutamate receptor. (697 aa) |
| | rbf-1 | Rabphilin-1; Rab-3 effector. (1106 aa) |
| | odr-8 | Ufm1-specific protease; Thiol protease which recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ufm-1, a ubiquitin-like modifier protein bound to a number of target proteins (By similarity). Required, with oct-4, for the localization of a subset of 7 transmembrane domain odorant receptors, including odr-10, to the cilia of olfactory neurons AWA and AWC. Operates in aggregation behavior, and responses to oxygen levels; Belongs to the peptidase C78 family. (589 aa) |
| | mom-2 | Protein mom-2; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Required in embryonic development for endoderm specification and the correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindles and division planes in blastomere cells. Involved in cleavage axis determination. Binds to receptor tyrosine kinase cam-1. Together with wnt ligand lin-44, plays a role in controlling vulva precursor cell P7.p lineage orientation during vulva development, probably by acting as a ligand for tyrosine kinase receptor lin-18. May act redundantly with other Wnt ligands such [...] (362 aa) |
| | che-2 | CHE-2 protein. (760 aa) |
| | egl-17 | EGL-17; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (216 aa) |
| | uev-1 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1; Involved in protein ubiquitination, but has no ubiquitin ligase activity on its own. The uev-1-ubc-13 heterodimer catalyzes the synthesis of non-canonical poly-ubiquitin chains that are linked through Lys-63. Involved in sorting Lys-63-linked polyubiquitinated maternal membrane proteins for degradation by targeting to multivesicular bodies. Required for glr-1-containing glutamate receptor trafficking in neurons. May have a role in synaptic transmission at motorneurons. May be involved in the ubiquitination and growth of intracellular polygluta [...] (139 aa) |
| | slt-1 | Slit homolog 1 protein; Functions as a ligand for sax-3 receptor during larval development. Acts via the sax-3/Robo receptor to direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline during embryonic development. (1410 aa) |
| | unc-6 | Netrin unc-6; Component of an extracellular matrix cue that guides dorsoventral migrations on the epidermis. Required for the guidance of pioneer axons and migrating cells along the body wall. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC) migration from the dorsal side of the hermaphrodite body to the midbody to allow for formation of gonad arms. Its association with either unc-40 or unc-5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Involved in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensilium, in the male tail. Required for the formation [...] (612 aa) |
| | sand-1 | SAND endocytosis protein family. (459 aa) |
| | mig-39 | Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 39; Regulates the timing and orientation of distal tip cell migration during gonadal development. May act in parallel to cacn-1 and Rac GTPases to control the anterior and posterior migration of distal tip cells. (943 aa) |
| | mig-13 | Abnormal cell migration protein 13; Probable receptor that acts as an upstream signaling protein to promote the guidance, migration and positioning of the right Q neuroblast (QR) and its descendants along the anteroposterior body axis, and also the anterior migration of BDU interneurons during larval development. Associates with and recruits the downstream components tyrosine kinase abl-1 and the tyrosine kinase adapter protein sem-5 to the leading edge of migrating Q neuroblasts and their descendants to activate signaling through the two parallel wve-1 and wsp-1 pathways, respectively [...] (362 aa) |
| | pag-3 | Zinc finger protein PAG-3. (336 aa) |
| | unc-53 | Adapter protein unc-53; Involved in the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. (1654 aa) |
| | plp-1 | Pur alpha Like Protein. (226 aa) |
| | kin-20 | Casein kinase I isoform delta; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Is a developmental timer that specifies temporal cell fate selection; acts to control the temporal identity of hypodermal seam cells. Required during late-larval development to prevent adult fates, particularly cell cycle exit and fusion, from being expressed too early. (497 aa) |
| | dyb-1 | Dystrobrevin-1; Plays a role in cholinergic transmission and as a functional partner of dystrophin (dys-1), necessary for muscle maintenance. (590 aa) |
| | flp-7 | FMRFamide-like neuropeptides 7; FMRFamides and FMRFamide-like peptides are neuropeptides. flp-7 stimulates serotonin-induced fat loss by binding to and activating the npr-22 receptor which leads to induction of the atgl-1 lipase and subsequent fat loss. SPMQRSSMVRF-amide: Acts as a ligand for the npr-22 receptor in vitro. [SPMDRSKMVRF-amide]: Acts as a ligand for the npr-22 receptor in vitro. (177 aa) |
| | gpb-2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (369 aa) |
| | dcap-2 | mRNA-decapping enzyme 2; RNA-decapping enzyme although it does not bind cap. May contribute to gene regulation in multiple RNA pathways including monomethylguanosine- and trimethylguanosine-capped RNAs. Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. DCP2 subfamily. (786 aa) |
| | mtm-6 | Myotubularin-related protein 6; May dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). In association with mtm-9, plays a role in endosome trafficking probably by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels. Regulates fluid phase endocytosis in coelomocytes. Controls the endosomal localization of sorting nexin snx-3 and the levels of sorting receptor mig-14. By regulating the retrograde transport of mig-14, may be involved in the secretion of Wnt ligands such as egl-20. Regulates posterior migration of QL neuroblast descendants and the anterior migration of QR neuroblast d [...] (782 aa) |
| | swan-1 | WD_REPEATS_REGION domain-containing protein. (388 aa) |
| | unc-108 | Uncharacterized protein. (223 aa) |
| | unc-84 | Nuclear migration and anchoring protein unc-84; Involved in nuclear migration and anchoring in hypodermal precursor cells. Most likely recruits anc-1 to the nuclear envelope where anc-1 functions to tether the nucleus to the actin cytoskeleton. Component of the unc-83-unc-84 LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex where it recruits and interacts with unc-83 to form a bridge connecting the nuclear envelope to the cytoskeleton which allows for nuclear transport along microtubules. Its role in nuclear migration may be in association with lamin, lmn-1. Regulates nuclear mi [...] (1111 aa) |
| | pat-2 | Integrin alpha pat-2; Required for muscle development probably through the regulation of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle maintenance. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably through lamins such as epi-1, lam-2 and unc-52. Required for distal tip cell migration and dorsal pathfinding. Required for egg-laying. May play a role in cell motility and cell-cell interactions (By similarity). Plays a role in vu [...] (1226 aa) |
| | nid-1 | NIDogen (Basement membrane protein). (1584 aa) |
| | ina-1 | Integrin alpha ina-1; Plays a role in cell migration, axon fasciculation, and morphogenesis. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cells (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Involved in the anterior-posterior positioning of QR neuroblast descendants by regulating the migratory speed of QR.p. Probably by acting as a receptor for apoptotic cells, plays a role in the clearance of apoptotic cells during mid-embryogenesis. Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. (1139 aa) |
| | vps-52 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 52 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex facilitates tethering as well as SNARE complex assembly at the Golgi. Plays a role in the trafficking of cargo to dense-core vesicles, probably through association with the EARP-interacting protein eipr-1. Important for neuronal function. Belongs to the VPS52 family. (702 aa) |
| | gcy-12 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-12; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Acts upstream of cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4, most likely by providing cGMP to the kinase in chemosensory neurons to regulate body size. (1679 aa) |
| | nmr-1 | NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor NMR-1; Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. (1025 aa) |
| | let-2 | Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain; Collagen type IV is specific for basement membranes (Probable). Together with fbl-1 and downstream of metalloprotease mig- 17, recruits nidogen nid-1 to the gonad basement membrane thereby probably inducing basement membrane remodeling required for the directional migration of distal tip cells. Required to restrict presynaptic growth at the neuromuscular junctions in late larval stage and in adult motor neurons. Vital for embryonic development. (1759 aa) |
| | mig-21 | Abnormal cell migration protein 21; Required for determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system. Acts together with unc-40 to control an initial left-right asymmetric polarization of the Q neuroblasts. Mig-21 and unc-40 may control the asymmetry in Wnt signaling response by restricting posterior polarization to one of the 2 Q neuroblasts. Involved in left- side QL posterior migration. In right-side QR, unc-40 and mig-21 pathways mutually inhibit each other in posterior migration, allowing anterior QR migration. (313 aa) |
| | rund-1 | RUN domain-containing protein. (549 aa) |
| | adr-2 | Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase adr-2; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. Acts primarily on non-coding regions of protein- coding genes including introns and untranslated regions (UTR). Required for normal chemotaxis. Edits the 3' UTR of clec-41 which is required for normal clec-41 expression and for chemotaxis. Plays a role in determining lifespan. Not required for RNA interference. Likely to play a role in determining whether a dsRNA enters the RNAi pathway. (495 aa) |
| | dgn-1 | Peptidase S72 domain-containing protein. (584 aa) |
| | unc-49 | Ionotropic GABA receptor subunit UNC-49B.3; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. (506 aa) |
| | pat-6 | Paralyzed arrest at two-fold protein 6; Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. During embryonic development, required to recruit cpna-1, unc-89 and myofilaments to newly forming integrin attachments composed of integrins pat-2/pat-3, pat-4 and unc-112. Also required to reposition the integrin-based attachments so that they form the highly ordered array of dense body and M-line attachments that are characteristic of mature muscle cells. Du [...] (375 aa) |
| | lrp-2 | Low-density lipoprotein RecePtor related. (4858 aa) |
| | hlb-1 | Liprin-beta homolog; Involved in the regulation of synaptic function at neuromuscular junctions. Together with the liprin- alpha protein syd-2, may play a role in regulating the structure of the neuronal region, called the active zone, from which synaptic vesicles send neurotransmitter signals across the synapse. Does not seem to be required for neuronal development. May regulate the disassembly of focal adhesions (By similarity). Does not bind receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases type 2A (By similarity); Belongs to the liprin family. Liprin-beta subfamily. (1004 aa) |
| | lam-3 | LAMinin related. See also lmb. (3102 aa) |
| | sup-12 | RRM domain-containing protein. (248 aa) |
| | ilc-17.1 | Interleukin cytokine-related protein 17.1; Ligand for the receptor complex composed of ilcr-1 and ilcr- 2. Binding to the ilcr-1/2 receptor complex triggers a signaling cascade, activating the downsteam signaling components actl-1, pik-1 and nfki-1, and results in increased neuronal activity in RMG interneurons in response to input from oxygen-sensing neurons. This leads to increased animal movement and promotes aggregation behavior. Plays a role in the responsiveness of RMG interneurons to ascaroside pheromones; Belongs to the IL-17 family. (221 aa) |
| | mom-5 | Protein mom-5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of gsk-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (Probable). A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as pkc seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of gsk-3 kinase (Probable). B [...] (570 aa) |
| | dat-1 | Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Dopamine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. (615 aa) |
| | inpp-1 | IPPc domain-containing protein. (432 aa) |
| | clec-38 | C-type LECtin. (382 aa) |
| | ccb-1 | GuKc domain-containing protein. (526 aa) |
| | VC5.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (588 aa) |
| | unc-83 | Nuclear migration protein unc-83; Cargo-specific adapter that is involved in nuclear migration during development and thereafter. Component of the unc-83-unc-84 LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex where it interacts with unc-84 to form a bridge connecting the nuclear envelope to the cytoskeleton which allows for nuclear transport along microtubules. Within the complex, connects the nuclear envelope to the microtubule cytoskeleton through the kinesin-1 light chain protein klc-2 (most likely within the Kinesin 1 motor complex) to regulate nuclear migrations. Moreover [...] (1041 aa) |
| | cwn-2 | Protein Wnt-2; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. Involved in the correct positioning of the developing nerve ring and in axon guidance of SIA and SIB neurons, probably by binding to tyrosine kinase receptor cam-1. In addition, regulates the positioning of some head neuronal cells, muscle arms associated with the nerve ring and the excretory pore. Together with Wnt ligand cwn- [...] (360 aa) |
| | ndc-80 | Kinetochore protein ndc-80; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated ndc-80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis and spindle checkpoint activity. Plays a role in kinetochore assembly and recruits the checkpoint protein mdf-2 and the spindly-like protein spdl-1 to unattached kinetochores. Mediates the formation of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments through recruitment of spdl-1. The ndc-80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the ska-1 complex for microtubules and may allow the ndc-80 complex to track depolym [...] (590 aa) |
| | grk-2 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; Specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein- coupled receptors (By similarity). Required in adult sensory neurons for chemotaxis. Plays a role in the ASH sensory neurons in the chemotaxis response to NaCl where it is likely to modulate the strength of the NaCl avoidance response which occurs at high NaCl concentrations. Required in the HSN motor neurons for normal egg laying by promoting phosphorylation of amine oxidase amx-2 which inhibits amx-2 activity, preventing metabolism of serotonin. Acts in head acetylcholine neurons to pos [...] (707 aa) |
| | ceh-10 | Homeobox protein ceh-10; Required for larval development and for cell fate specification and migration of CAN neurons. (344 aa) |
| | lam-1 | LAMinin related. See also lmb. (1790 aa) |
| | cacn-1 | Cactin; Plays a role during early embryonic development. Required for the distal tip cell migration at the end of larval development and for gonad morphogenesis. (657 aa) |
| | nol-2 | SAM_MT_RSMB_NOP domain-containing protein; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family. (664 aa) |
| | egl-20 | Wnt homolog. (393 aa) |
| | ace-1 | Acetylcholinesterase 1; Rapidly hydrolyzes choline released into the synapse. It can hydrolyze butyrylthiocholine. (620 aa) |
| | pop-1 | Protein pop-1; Part of the Wnt signaling pathway essential for the specification of the mesodermal cell fate in early embryos. Required for asymmetrical division of somatic gonadal precursor descendants which initiate axis formation required to control organ shape. Represses expression of target genes via its interaction with hda-1 histone deacetylase. Required for specification of the M lineage-derived coelomocyte and sex myoblast fate. Regulates coelomocyte fate by positively regulating proliferation and ceh-34 and possibly eya-1 expression in M.dlpa and M.drpa precursors. (438 aa) |
| | ced-12 | Cell death abnormality protein 12; Involved in programmed apoptosis and necrosis. Required for the cell corpse engulfment process. Has roles in the formation of actin halos and distal tip cell migration. Negatively regulates the unc-6/Netrin receptor unc-5 to control distal tip cell migration along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. Plays no role in amphid axon outgrowth. (738 aa) |
| | unc-63 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-63; Alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Probably acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine and levamisole. (502 aa) |
| | tpst-1 | Protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase A; Catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides, using 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as cosubstrate. (380 aa) |
| | gsk-3 | Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Phosphorylates oma-1, a regulator of the oocyte-to-embryo transition, enabling its degradation. Phosphorylates skn-1, preventing it from accumulating in nuclei and thus inhibiting phase II gene expression in the oxidative stress defense. Involved in mesendoderm specification and mitotic spindle orientation in EMS blastomeres. Thought to be a branch point in these processes as proteins downstream are not required. Negatively regulates Wnt signaling in vulval precursor cells and acts as a Wnt-independent repressor of med-1 and med-2 in the C lineage inhibiting [...] (362 aa) |
| | ctn-1 | Alpha-CaTuliN (Catenin/vinculin related). (820 aa) |
| | snf-10 | Transporter. (673 aa) |
| | spd-1 | SPD-1. (529 aa) |
| | mig-1 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (529 aa) |
| | unc-33 | Protein unc-33; During neurogenesis, plays an essential role in axonal guidance and outgrowth by regulating the polarization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Establishes the asymmetry of axonal and dendrite microtubules and the polarized sorting of neuronal proteins. This is achieved in part by regulating the localization of kinesin-like protein unc-104. In neurons without a distal microtubule- organizing center (MTOC), also controls the organization of microtubules in dendrites. During the dorso-ventral axonal guidance and outgrowth of VD neurons, required downstream of Ra [...] (854 aa) |
| | mtm-9 | Myotubularin-related protein 9; May act as a regulatory subunit for mtm-6. In association with phosphatase mtm-6, plays a role in endosome trafficking probably by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels. Regulates fluid phase endocytosis in coelomocytes. Regulates posterior migration of QL neuroblast descendants and the anterior migration of QR neuroblast descendants and HSN neurons during larval development probably by controlling Wnt ligand secretion through the regulation of sorting receptor mig-14 trafficking. Involved in the formation of correct synapse number in DA9 mo [...] (569 aa) |
