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| | hlh-14 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (148 aa) |
| | nfm-1 | FERM domain-containing protein. (709 aa) |
| | mkk-4 | MAP kinase kinase mkk-4; Activity is required in presynaptic neurons, in a dose- dependent manner, for normal presynaptic development and morphology. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (363 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | pag-3 | Zinc finger protein PAG-3. (336 aa) |
| | unc-53 | Adapter protein unc-53; Involved in the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. (1654 aa) |
| | lon-1 | Protein lon-1; Regulates body size morphogenesis, but does not affect male tail development; Belongs to the CRISP family. (312 aa) |
| | pam-1 | Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase; Aminopeptidase. Required for the exit from meiosis, probably upstream of cyclin cyb-3. Involved in the establishment of the anterior-posterior polarity at the embryonic 1-cell stage by regulating the dynamics of sperm-donated centrosomes. Plays a role in oocyte maturation. Required for embryonic development. Belongs to the peptidase M1 family. (948 aa) |
| | ztf-11 | Zinc finger protein ztf-11; Transcriptional repressor which promotes neuronal differentiation during embryonic and postembryonic neurogenesis. Together with components of the MuvB corepressor complex, negatively regulates the expression of non-neuronal genes during neurogenesis. Required for the generation of postembryonic neurons from epidermal cells. Belongs to the MYT1 family. (539 aa) |
| | mex-3 | Muscle EXcess. (443 aa) |
| | pat-2 | Integrin alpha pat-2; Required for muscle development probably through the regulation of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle maintenance. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably through lamins such as epi-1, lam-2 and unc-52. Required for distal tip cell migration and dorsal pathfinding. Required for egg-laying. May play a role in cell motility and cell-cell interactions (By similarity). Plays a role in vu [...] (1226 aa) |
| | unc-73 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor UNC-73A. (2488 aa) |
| | png-1 | Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase; Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation. Cleaves the beta- aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp. Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides. Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native protein [...] (606 aa) |
| | cgt-3 | Ceramide glucosyltransferase 3; Catalyzes the first glycosylation step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, the transfer of glucose to ceramide. Seems to be the major active form in the nematode. (470 aa) |
| | fozi-1 | Formin-homology and zinc finger domains protein 1; Acts redundantly with hlh-1 to promote body wall muscle cell and coelomocyte specification in postembryonic mesoderm progenitors, probably through suppression of sem-2; Belongs to the formin homology family. (732 aa) |
| | hpl-2 | Chromo domain-containing protein. (303 aa) |
| | ceh-28 | NK-2 family homeodomain protein CEH-28. (201 aa) |
| | plx-2 | Plexin-2; Involved as a receptor for mab-20/sema-2a in the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, involved in precursor cell sorting and in the formation of distinct sensory rays. Involved in axon guidance of SDQL neurons during neurogenesis. Probably in response to stimulation by mab-20, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus axon guidance and/or fasciculation of DD/VD neurons. Bel [...] (1766 aa) |
| | sel-7 | Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12. (324 aa) |
| | apr-1 | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein-related protein 1; Has a role in endoderm cell specification and pharyngeal development. Required for the migration of epithelial cells, organization of the anterior seam cells and ceh-13 expression during embryo morphogenesis. Prevents hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway during endoderm development, probably by preventing hmp-2 nuclear translocation. During larval development, apr-1 is required for expression of lin-39 in P3-8.p. Shown to negatively regulate Wnt signaling in vulval precursor cells. Has a role in cell division by establishing [...] (1188 aa) |
| | rba-1 | Probable histone-binding protein rba-1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. Required to repress the induction of vulval development by Ras signaling. In association with the zinc finger protein ztf-11, negatively regulates the expression of non- neuronal genes during neurogenesis. Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family. (412 aa) |
| | cmk-1 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascade which results in transcriptional activation. Transcriptional activation occurs at least in part through phosphorylation of crh-1. Regulates gene expression, sensory morphology, and function of the AFD thermosensory neurons. Involved in long-term adaptation of AFD neurons to temperatures warmer than the initial acclimatized cultivation temperature. Acts in the FLP thermal nociceptors to moderate the responsiveness to noxious [...] (348 aa) |
| | mek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which may phosphorylate kgb-1 and thereby is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. May also have a synergistic role with sek-1 in phosphorylating pmk-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress including heavy metal ions (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)), oxidative stress and starvation. In association with sek-1, regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Involved in resistance to pathogenic bacteria infecti [...] (347 aa) |
| | lag-1 | Lin-12 And Glp-1 phenotype. (790 aa) |
| | dbn-1 | Drebrin-like protein. (643 aa) |
| | hpl-1 | Heterochromatin protein 1 homolog. (184 aa) |
| | mlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mlk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating mek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress such as heavy metals. By activating the JNK pathway downstream of tyrosine receptor svh-2, plays a role in axon regeneration after injury. (1059 aa) |
| | unc-119 | Protein unc-119; Myristoyl-binding protein that acts as a cargo adapter: specifically binds the myristoyl moiety of a subset of N-terminally myristoylated proteins and is required for their localization. Plays a key role in ciliary membrane localization of proteins. Required for the establishment or function of the nervous system. (244 aa) |
| | cpi-2 | Cystatin cpi-2; Cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits members of the peptidase C1 family. Does not inhibit asparaginyl endopeptidase. Required for the uptake and/or processing of yolk proteins during the development of oocytes, probably by regulating the catalytic activity of cysteine proteases cpl-1 and cpz-1. May play a protective role against exogenous cysteine proteases derived from soil bacteria or fungi, or rotting fruits and vegetation. Belongs to the cystatin family. (143 aa) |
| | mdl-1 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (281 aa) |
| | gsa-1 | G protein, Subunit Alpha. (378 aa) |
| | kin-2 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit; Controls the rhythmic contraction of enteric muscles probably by regulating G-protein coupled receptor aex-2-mediated calcium influx in GABAergic DVB neurons; Belongs to the cAMP-dependent kinase regulatory chain family. (376 aa) |
| | rnp-4 | RNA-binding protein 8A; Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. (142 aa) |
| | htz-1 | Histone H2A.V; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling (By similarity). Required to maintain non-distal tip cell (DTC) fate of somatic gonadal [...] (140 aa) |
| | mag-1 | Protein mago nashi homolog; Involved in hermaphrodite germline sex determination. May allow oogenesis by inhibiting the function of one or more of the masculinizing genes (fog, fem, and gld) which act during the fourth larval stage to promote transient sperm production in the hermaphrodite germline; Belongs to the mago nashi family. (152 aa) |
| | lin-12 | Protein lin-12; Involved in several cell fate decisions that require cell- cell interactions. It is possible that lin-12 encodes a membrane-bound receptor for a signal that enables expression of the ventral uterine precursor cell fate. Activity in cell fate decisions and tumorigenesis is negatively regulated by sel-10. Functions in uterine cells to promote basement membrane mobility during tissue remodeling. (1429 aa) |
| | sma-4 | Dwarfin sma-4; Involved in TGF-beta pathway; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (565 aa) |
| | sma-3 | Dwarfin sma-3; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis ; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (393 aa) |
| | egl-43 | Uncharacterized protein. (543 aa) |
| | ref-1 | REgulator of Fusion. (367 aa) |
| | dma-1 | LRRCT domain-containing protein. (603 aa) |
| | frk-1 | Fer-related kinase 1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase which plays a role in morphogenesis by regulating the epidermal enclosure of the embryo, independently of its kinase activity. Prevents hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway during endoderm development, probably by preventing hmp-2 nuclear translocation. (390 aa) |
| | sma-9 | SMAll. (2232 aa) |
| | cki-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; Negative cell-cycle regulator that functions at the G1-to-S- phase transition. Required for suspension of the cell cycle in dauer larvae and starved L1 larvae. In vulval precursor cells (VPCs), a pathway of heterochronic genes acts via cki-1 to maintain VPCs in G1 during the L2 larval stage. Cul-2 may function in ubiquitin-mediated degradation by targeting cki-1 for degradation. Involved in distal tip cell development by repressing and modulating cye-1/cdk-2 activity levels in Z1.aa/Z4.pp and in Z1.ap/Z4.pa. Belongs to the CDI family. (184 aa) |
| | scd-2 | ALK tyrosine kinase receptor homolog scd-2; Probable tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which regulates the dauer/non-dauer developmental decision probably by controlling daf-3 transcriptional activity in parallel or together with the TGF-beta pathway. Regulates integration of conflicting sensory cues in AIA interneurons. May act as a receptor for hen-1. (1421 aa) |
| | bre-5 | Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase bre-5; Transfers N-acetylgalactosamine onto mannose groups of carbohydrate substrates. Required for susceptibility to pore-forming crystal toxins in conjunction with bre-1, bre-2, bre-3, and bre-4. Involved in resistance to the nematotoxic C.cinerea galectin Cgl2. (322 aa) |
| | lin-32 | Protein lin-32; Essential for the specification of the neuroblast cell fate in the development of peripheral sense organs. Its role in the generation of sensory neurons may be through positively regulating the expression of the zinc finger protein ztf-11 during postdeirid neurogenesis. (142 aa) |
| | tsp-12 | Tetraspanin-12; Together with tsp-14, regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage, body size and male development, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling. May regulate BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling by mediating protease sup-17 trafficking to the cell surface. Together with tsp-14, probably acts by modulating the activation of glp-1, a Notch-like receptor, to regulate germline maturation. Probably acts by modulating the activation of lin-12, a Notch-like receptor, to regulate cell fate specification such as the anchor cell/ventral uteri [...] (308 aa) |
| | gck-1 | Germinal center kinase 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for normal oogenesis and suppression of germline cell apoptosis. Inhibits phosphorylation and thus probably activation of mpk-1 during pachytene stage. Involved in excretory canal elongation during postembryonic development, probably acting downstream of ccm-3 ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (803 aa) |
| | unc-40 | Unc-40 protein. (1415 aa) |
| | pat-6 | Paralyzed arrest at two-fold protein 6; Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. During embryonic development, required to recruit cpna-1, unc-89 and myofilaments to newly forming integrin attachments composed of integrins pat-2/pat-3, pat-4 and unc-112. Also required to reposition the integrin-based attachments so that they form the highly ordered array of dense body and M-line attachments that are characteristic of mature muscle cells. Du [...] (375 aa) |
| | sma-10 | Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein sma-10; Binds to the TGF-beta receptors sma-6 and daf-4, and enhances TGF-beta signaling activity in vitro. Has a role in regulation of body size. (881 aa) |
| | pash-1 | PArtner of DroSHa (DRSH-1 interactor). (751 aa) |
| | sys-1 | SYmmetrical Sister cell hermaphrodite gonad defect. (811 aa) |
| | ppm-2 | Probable protein phosphatase 2C T23F11.1. (356 aa) |
| | gld-1 | Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1; RNA-binding protein which recognizes the 5'-UACUCAU-3' RNA consensus sequence. Binds sequences in both the 5'coding and the 3'-UTR region of rme-2 mRNA. Binds sequences in the 3'-UTR region of cye-1 mRNA. Binds to cyb-2.1, cyb-2.2 and cyb-3 mRNA. Binds sequences in the 3'-UTR region of tra-2 mRNA. Germ line-specific tumor suppressor essential for oogenesis. Controls the spatial pattern of translation of multiple oogenesis specific mRNAs (e.g. yolk receptor rme-2) by repression of translation during early meiotic prophase (leptotene to pa [...] (463 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | hlh-1 | Myoblast determination protein 1 homolog; Accumulation defines the body wall muscle cell fate during embryogenesis. Acts redundantly with fozi-1 to promote body wall muscle cell and coelomocyte specification in postembryonic mesoderm progenitors, probably through suppression of sem-2. (324 aa) |
| | wrm-1 | Armadillo repeat-containing protein wrm-1; Antagonistic role in the Wnt signaling pathway that operates in embryogenesis. When located at the cortex it has been shown to inhibit Wnt signaling during asymmetric cell division but when relocated to the nucleus it shows positive regulation. Has a role in blastomere signaling during endoderm specification. Activates lit-1- dependent kinase activity. Wrm-1/lit-1 complex promotes phosphorylation, down-regulation and subcellular relocation of pop-1. Can substitute for bar-1 indicating functional redundancy. Appears to have a role in centrosome [...] (796 aa) |
| | rnt-1 | Runt domain-containing protein. (301 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | fem-3 | Sex-determination protein fem-3; Required for male development. In XO (male) animals, fem-3 directs male differentiation in all tissues. In XX (hermaphrodite) animals, it specifies the first 80 or so germ cells to be sperm. Negatively regulates male development when bound to tra-2. Together with fem-2 associates with the CBC(fem-1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of tra-1. (388 aa) |
| | fog-3 | Anti_prolifrtn domain-containing protein. (263 aa) |
| | daf-4 | Cell surface receptor daf-4; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. May be a receptor for daf-7. Controls the dauer/nondauer developmental decision in a range of environmental conditions. Regulates body size and male tail patterning. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by satiety. Involved in sensitivity to CO2 levels. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (744 aa) |
| | C06A5.6 | Uncharacterized protein. (691 aa) |
| | clp-1 | Calpain clp-1; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates (By similarity). Required for assembly and maintenance of integrin attachment complexes which are essential for maintenance of adult muscle. Proteolytic activity is activated in response to increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels during cell degeneration and promotes necrotic cell death. (780 aa) |
| | ham-2 | Uncharacterized protein. (392 aa) |
| | lin-39 | Homeobox protein lin-39; Transcription factor that binds to the consensus 5'- TGATNNAT(G/T)(G/A)-3' PBC/Hox motif of target genes to regulate gene expression. Binds to the consensus PBC/Hox motif lineage enhancer region of sem-2 to promote cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesoderm (also known as the M lineage). Regulates the expression of mig-13 which controls the asymmetric distribution of actin cytoskeleton-binding protein cor-1 in Q neuroblasts. This in turn controls the polarity migration of Q neuroblasts and the subsequent mid-body region-specific development. Belongs [...] (253 aa) |
| | mab-5 | Homeobox protein mab-5; Transcription factor that binds to the promoter region of the transcription factor lin-39 to repress its expression in Q neuroblasts and thereby direct left Q neuroblast (QL) daughter cell migration. During postembryonic development, required for posterior-specific pattern formation. Within the posterior body region, controls epidermal, neuronal, and mesodermal cell differentiation. Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. (200 aa) |
| | unc-89 | Muscle M-line assembly protein unc-89; Structural component of the muscle M line which is involved in assembly and organization of sarcomere myofilaments. The large isoform a, isoform b, isoform d and isoform f play an essential role in maintaining the organization of sarcomeres but not myofilament alignment during body wall muscle development whereas the small isoform c and isoform d appear to have a minor role. Isoform b and isoform f are required for the organization of unc-15/paramyosin into sarcomere thick filaments in body wall muscles. By binding mel-26, a substrate adapter of t [...] (8081 aa) |
| | oma-1 | CCCH-type zinc finger protein oma-1; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that binds to 5'-UA[AU]-3' motifs in the 3'-UTR of maternal mRNAs to suppress translation in oocytes and embryos. Acts as a ribonucleoprotein particle component that may exert part of its function within cytoplasmic foci of unfertilized oocytes. Acts redundantly with oma-2 to control the temporal expression and distribution of maternal proteins and thereby promote meiotic progression, oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. Recruits the translational repressor ifet-1 to the 3'-UTR of mei-1 and zif- [...] (407 aa) |
| | hda-4 | Histone deacetylase 4; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). May be involved in muscle development. (869 aa) |
| | tiam-1 | DH domain-containing protein. (889 aa) |
| | lin-41 | Protein lin-41; Heterochronic protein which acts downstream of let-7 in temporal patterning. Plays a role in the developmental timing of postembryonic hypodermal seam cell division and fusion events and adult alae production. Represses lin-29 during late larval stages, which prevents terminal differentiation of hypodermal seam cells and promotes their division. Involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, uses two independent pathways. Has direct and specific RNA-binding activity and, depending on the location (5'UTR or 3'UTR) of the target site, triggers either mRNA decay or repr [...] (1147 aa) |
| | hlh-27 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (268 aa) |
| | hlh-25 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (268 aa) |
| | hlh-26 | Helix-loop-helix protein 26; Binds DNA via the E-box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3'. Binds DNA as a homodimer. Represses lag-2 transcription during embryogenesis via Notch signaling, in an unc-37-dependent manner. Also represses tbx-37 independent of Notch signaling. (210 aa) |
| | unc-75 | RRM domain-containing protein. (514 aa) |
| | tsp-21 | Tetraspanin-21; Regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage and body size, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling at the ligand-receptor level. Promotes ventral fate specification in the M lineage, probably by positively modulating lin-12/Notch signaling; Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. (301 aa) |
| | cdc-14 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase cdc-14; Protein phosphatase that negatively regulates the G1-to-S phase transition to inhibit the cell cycle and establish quiescence in cells of multiple lineages including vulval, hypodermal and intestinal. Promotes nuclear accumulation and activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor cki-1 which leads to inhibition of G1 progression during vulval tissue development. Has been shown to not be required for cytokinesis. However, in the embryo, in a contrasting study, has been shown to act as a regulator of central spindle formation and cytokinesis, and [...] (709 aa) |
| | slt-1 | Slit homolog 1 protein; Functions as a ligand for sax-3 receptor during larval development. Acts via the sax-3/Robo receptor to direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline during embryonic development. (1410 aa) |
| | sax-7 | Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein. (1331 aa) |
| | fsn-1 | F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1; Component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which is required for the restriction and/or maturation of synapses in GABAergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic neurons. Promotes NRJ synapse development and synaptic transmission by negatively regulating the daf- 2/InsR pathway in muscles. By targeting convertase egl-3 for degradation, negatively modulates insulin-like protein ins-4 and ins-6 processing. May stabilize synapse formation by promoting the down-regulation of scd-2. Regulates axon termination in PLM an [...] (332 aa) |
| | egrh-1 | EGR (Early Growth factor Response factor) Homolog. (461 aa) |
| | pat-4 | Integrin-linked protein kinase homolog pat-4; Probable pseudokinase that acts as an adapter protein. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M lines during body wall muscle development by recruiting several of their components including integrin pat-3, cpna-1, unc-89 and unc- 112 to integrin-mediated attachment sites. Plays a role in distal tip cell (DTC) migration and in oocyte development probably by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. During the formation of neuromus [...] (466 aa) |
| | sel-8 | Protein lag-3; glp-1 and lin-12 promote signaling by recruiting lag-3 to target promoters, where it functions as a transcriptional activator. May regulate phosphatase lip-1 mRNA transcription downstream of glp-1. (490 aa) |
| | sem-2 | Transcription factor sem-2; Probable transcription factor required for embryogenesis, vulval development and cell fate specification of the postembryonic mesoderm (also known as the M lineage). Specifically, required for the specification of sex myoblast cells and their development into the muscles that are necessary for egg-laying. In addition, may be involved in RME GABAergic motor neuron progenitor cell fate specification. (404 aa) |
| | nfki-1 | ANK repeat-containing protein nipk-1; Acts downstream of the receptor complex composed of ilcr-1 and ilcr-2, which is a signaling complex that modulates neuronal activity and animal behavior in response to sensory neuron input. Mediates signaling of the complex; Belongs to the iASPP family. (611 aa) |
| | elt-2 | Transcription factor elt-2; Transcriptional activator that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-[AT]GATA[AG]-3'. Predominantly directs the transcription of intestinal genes such as ges-1, cpr-6, pho-1, ftn-1 and lev-11, and itself. Required for gut-specific differentiation, specifically acting with the GATA region-binding transcription factor elt-7 to control normal gene expression and promote normal formation of the intestine. Regulates intestinal gene expression in response to hypoxia to promote longevity. Regulates tissue specific gene expression at basal levels and in response to bac [...] (433 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | cnd-1 | Neurogenic differentiation factor 1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator whose activity is required for several aspects of motor neuron fate specification, including cell division patterns, proper spatiotemporal expression of fate-specific markers, and normal axonal morphology and pathfinding. (192 aa) |
| | lon-2 | LONg; Belongs to the glypican family. (508 aa) |
| | mls-2 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (341 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | C44B11.1 | Uncharacterized protein. (190 aa) |
| | hnd-1 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (226 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | unc-112 | Protein unc-112; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probable regulator of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Required during initial muscle assembly to form dense bodies and M-lines. (720 aa) |
| | unc-130 | Fork-head domain-containing protein. (333 aa) |
| | hda-1 | Histone deacetylase 1; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression. Plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in the endoderm determination possibly by repressing end-1 expression. Also involved in vulval development, possibly by repressing lag-2 expression. In association with akir-1, plays a role in regula [...] (461 aa) |
| | cebp-1 | C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) homolog. (319 aa) |
| | smp-2 | Sema domain-containing protein; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (649 aa) |
| | unc-120 | MADS-box domain-containing protein. (327 aa) |
| | atx-2 | Ataxin-2 homolog; Probable RNA-binding protein that negatively regulates the translation of targets. Functions with RNA-binding protein szy-20 to ensure embryonic cell division, and to this end, plays a role in the regulation of centrosome assembly, position and size, and in astral microtubule outgrowth and nucleation. Required for gonad development, germ cell proliferation and for the production of oocytes. Regulates whole body growth and fat accumulation in response to food availability, and this may be through the mTOR pathway, upstream of daf-15 and rheb-1. Belongs to the ataxin-2 [...] (1026 aa) |
| | clec-38 | C-type LECtin. (382 aa) |
| | sup-17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 homolog; Metalloprotease (By similarity). Acts together with protease adm-4 and in a cell autonomous manner to facilitate lin-12/Notch signaling during developmental cell fate decision, including anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell decision and vulva precursor cell specification. By modulating lin-12/Notch signaling, plays a role in germline development. Probably by modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling via the shedding of unc-40 ectodomain, involved in the regulation of body size and mesoderm development. Probably b [...] (922 aa) |
| | glp-1 | Protein glp-1; Involved in the specification of the cell fates of the blastomeres, ABa and APa. Proper signaling by glp-1 induces ABa descendants to produce anterior pharyngeal cells, and APa descendants to adopt a different fate. Contributes to the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in early embryos. Regulates germ cell mitotic proliferation probably by regulating MAP kinase phosphatase lip-1 expression. Plays a negative role in lifespan. (1295 aa) |
| | unc-15 | Paramyosin; Structural component of the muscle thick filaments which is involved in assembly and organization of sarcomere myofilaments. Involved in ovulation. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. Belongs to the paramyosin family. (872 aa) |
| | glo-4 | X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator homolog; Could be a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor for glo-1. May play a role in gut granule biogenesis. Regulates axon termination in PLM and ALM neurons. (1386 aa) |
| | pin-2 | LIM domain-containing protein pin-2. (330 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | kpc-1 | Furin-like protease kpc-1; Furin-like protease which cleaves proproteins at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. During neuronal development, regulates the formation and extension of dendrite branches and cellular positioning of various type of neurons. Promotes the formation, extension and self-avoidance of dendritic branches of PVD and FLP mechanosensory neurons. In PVD neurons, regulates plasma membrane levels of branching receptor dma-1 by targeting it to late endosomes and thus promotes normal dendrite branching and dendrite self-avoidance. Also controls dendrite extension in AIY and D-t [...] (692 aa) |
| | unc-97 | LIM domain-containing protein unc-97; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probably function in adherens junction. Affects the structural integrity of the integrin containing muscle adherens junctions and contributes to the mechanosensory functions of touch neurons. (348 aa) |
| | vab-3 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (455 aa) |
| | F19F10.1 | ETS domain-containing protein. (210 aa) |
| | ets-7 | ETS domain-containing protein. (218 aa) |
| | let-765 | Protein strawberry notch homolog; Transcriptional activator that functions upstream of the let- 60/Ras and let-23/EGFR signaling pathways to positively regulate lin-3 expression and thereby promote vulval induction. Plays a role in excretory duct development. Plays a role in male tail development. (1866 aa) |
| | dbl-1 | TGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (365 aa) |
| | F23H12.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (802 aa) |
| | let-381 | Fork-head domain-containing protein. (362 aa) |
| | zag-1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox protein zag-1; Down-regulates expression of genes involved in either the synthesis or reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate multiple, discrete, neuron- specific aspects of terminal differentiation, including cell migration, axonal development and gene expression. Required for axon guidance. Involved in the proper development of the pharynx. Directly represses its own transcription by interacting with conserved E-box sequence motifs 5'-CACCTG-3' in its own promoter. (596 aa) |
| | hlh-28 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (239 aa) |
| | hlh-29 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (239 aa) |
| | cpna-1 | Copine family protein 1; Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M lines during body wall muscle development. Acts by recruiting downstream of integrin-associated protein pat-6/actopaxin several dense bodies and M line components including unc-89, lim-9, scpl-1 and unc-96 to integrin- mediated attachment sites. (1107 aa) |
| | ceh-20 | Homeobox protein ceh-20; Transcription factor that binds to the 5'-TGATNNAT(G/T)(G/A)- 3' PBC/Hox lineage enhancer region of sem-2 to promote cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesoderm (also known as the M lineage). Has a role in the mig-13 pathway to promote the guidance, migration and positioning of Q neuroblasts and their descendants along the anteroposterior body axis and the anterior migration of BDU interneurons. Also required for normal vulval formation. (338 aa) |
| | pat-9 | Paralysed Arrest at Two-fold. (470 aa) |
| | cdk-5 | Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase which, in several motor neurons, promotes the polarized trafficking of synaptic vesicles and dense-core vesicles (DCV). In the ventral nerve cord, phosphorylates lin-10 and thereby prevents lin-10-mediated anterograde trafficking of the glutamate receptor glr-1. Involved in the inhibition of glr-1 trafficking in hypoxic conditions. In DA motor neurons but not in DB motor neurons, regulates axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors by inhibiting dynein-mediated retrograde transport. Regulates the traf [...] (292 aa) |
| | mys-1 | Histone acetyltransferase Tip60 homolog; Probable catalytic subunit of the Tip60 chromatin-remodeling complex. May acetylate nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. Acts in the determination of vulval and distal tip cell (DTC) precursor cell fates. Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (458 aa) |
| | mnr-1 | MeNoRin (Dendritic branching protein). (530 aa) |
| | ekl-4 | Uncharacterized protein. (488 aa) |
| | ssl-1 | Helicase ssl-1; Probable catalytic component of a chromatin-remodeling complex which mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2A variant H2AV/htz-1 for H2A, leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Involved in foregut development, and may be involved in vulval development. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily. (2395 aa) |
| | fog-2 | F-box domain-containing protein. (327 aa) |
| | bet-1 | Bromodomain-containing protein bet-1; Required for the establishment and maintenance of stable cell fate in several lineages including V5.pa, T, Z1/Z4 and QR lineages probably by repressing the expression of cell fate determinants. Required to maintain non-distal tip cell (DTC) fate of somatic gonadal cells through the htz-1-mediated repression of transcription factor ceh-22. Regulates the subnuclear localization of histone variant htz-1 in somatic gonadal cells. Plays a role in the attenuation of the let-60/ras pathway, probably by preventing expression of activators of the pathway. I [...] (853 aa) |
| | teg-1 | Tumorous Enhancer of Glp-1(Gf). (353 aa) |
| | grdn-1 | Girdin homolog; Scaffolding protein that plays a role in ciliogenesis, cilium positioning and dendrite anchoring in sensory amphid neurons including AWB, AWA, AWC, ADL and ASI and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. Its role in cilium positioning may be through regulation of the localization of cell adhesion proteins such as the apical junction protein ajm-1, and the ciliary scaffolding protein Rootletin/che-10. Belongs to the CCDC88 family. (1319 aa) |
| | wee-1.3 | Membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase wee-1.3; Acts as a negative regulator of entry into mitosis (G2 to M transition) by phosphorylation of the CDK1 kinase during oocyte maturation. Required for oocyte maturation, embryonic development, germline proliferation and initiation of meiosis during spermatogenesis. Required for chromosome structure during mitosis and negative regulation of nuclear envelope breakdown. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. WEE1 subfamily. (677 aa) |
| | smp-1 | Semaphorin-1A; May function in growth cone guidance; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (712 aa) |
| | lin-22 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (173 aa) |
| | efa-6 | Exchange factor for Arf-6; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for arf-6 (By similarity). Involved in response to injury in mechanosensory neurons. Inhibits axon regrowth via microtubule dynamics, possibly by inducing axonal microtubule catastrophes. Limits microtubule growth near the cellular cortex of early embryonic cells. (818 aa) |
| | plx-1 | Sema domain-containing protein. (1956 aa) |
| | vha-19 | Vacuolar H ATPase. (451 aa) |
| | ngn-1 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (184 aa) |
| | mab-20 | Semaphorin-2A; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Seems to control cell-cell contact formation through 2 parallel pathways, one involving efn-4 and one involving plx-2 and unc-129. Involved in axon guidance. Probably by binding receptor plx-2, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus [...] (658 aa) |
| | lag-2 | Protein lag-2; Putative intercellular signal for lin-12 and GLP-1 receptors. Functions in uterine cells to promote basement membrane mobility during tissue remodeling. (402 aa) |
| | pde-6 | Probable 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-6; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (760 aa) |
| | unc-52 | Basement membrane proteoglycan; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probable structural role in myofilament assembly and/or attachment of the myofilament lattice to the cell membrane. May be an extracellular anchor for integrin receptors in body wall muscles and myoepithelial sheath cells. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles, probably downstream of the integrin complex formed by pat-2 and pat-3. Involved in ovulation. (3375 aa) |
| | lin-11 | Protein lin-11; Probable transcription factor which is required for asymmetric division of vulval blast cells. Involved in olfactory plasticity probably by regulating the expression of transcription factor mbr-1 in RIF neurons. Plays a role in the chemorepulsive response toward ascaroside pheromones mediated by the ADL sensory neurons, probably by regulating E-box motif 5'-CANNTG-3' containing target genes in the ADL neurons. Plays a role in the differentiation of the ADL sensory neurons. (405 aa) |
| | oma-2 | CCCH-type zinc finger protein oma-2; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that binds to 5'-UA[AU]-3' motifs in the 3'-UTR of maternal mRNAs to suppress translation in oocytes and embryos. Acts redundantly with oma-1 to control the temporal expression and distribution of maternal proteins and thereby promote meiotic progression, oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. Also, together with oma-1, is involved in P-granule distribution during embryonic development. (393 aa) |
| | ceh-18 | Homeobox protein ceh-18; Directs gonadal sheath cell differentiation and function. Also directs gonad migration and plays a role in specifying the differentiated phenotypes of epidermal cells during postembryonic development. Plays a role in oogenesis, regulating a sheath cell signal that causes oocytes to maintain diakinesis arrest during meiosis. Negatively regulates oocyte maturation, ovulation and MAPK activation in oocytes when sperm are not available for fertilization. May be recruited by akir-1 to the promoter regions of antimicrobial peptide genes to control gene expression in [...] (542 aa) |
| | lim-4 | Putative transcription factor LIM-4. (355 aa) |
| | tax-4 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel; Required for normal thermosensation and chemosensation sensory behavior. Required, downstream of receptor- type guanylate cyclase gcy-9, for CO2-mediated responses in BAG neurons. Required, downstream of receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-14, for alkaline pH-mediated responses in ASE-left (ASEL) neurons. Involved in the development of ASJ sensory neuron axon during late larval stages and in the maintenance of normal axon morphology in the adult. Regulates dauer formation. Required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in the ASJ sensory neurons [...] (733 aa) |
| | pat-3 | Integrin beta pat-3; Integrin alpha ina-1/beta pat-3 is a receptor for laminin. Integrin alpha pat-2/beta pat-3 recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands (Probable). Plays a role in cell migration, morphogenesis and probably in cell-cell interactions. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M line [...] (809 aa) |
| | cyy-1 | Cyclin-Y; In association with pct-1, regulates the trafficking of synaptic vesicle precursors in DA motor neurons by promoting anterograde trafficking to the axon and preventing dynein-dependent trafficking to the dendrite. May also regulate synaptic vesicle trafficking in DD motor neurons and in RIA interneurons. Involved in synapse formation during DD motor neuron remodeling by disassembling ventral presynaptic structures. May activate cdk-5. Belongs to the cyclin family. (357 aa) |
| | sma-2 | Dwarfin sma-2; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis. (418 aa) |
| | unc-13 | Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13; May form part of a signal transduction pathway, transducing the signal from diacylglycerol to effector functions. One such function could be the release of neurotransmitter from neurons. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin-23 and phospholipase plc-3 and upstream of innexin unc-7 and egl-4/PKG in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the quiescent state that precedes each larval molt. (2155 aa) |
| | unc-22 | Twitchin; Regulator of muscle contraction and relaxation. Senses mechanical strain that occurs during muscle activity by unfolding in clearly resolvable steps at differing forces. Plays a role in the organization of sarcomeres in body wall muscles ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (7158 aa) |
| | lin-52 | Protein lin-52; Synthetic multivulva class B (synMuvB) protein. SynMuvB proteins are required to repress the induction of vulval development by Ras signaling and probably act by forming the multiprotein DRM complex that represses transcription. In association with the zinc finger protein ztf-11, negatively regulates the expression of non-neuronal genes during neurogenesis. Belongs to the lin-52 family. (161 aa) |
| | lin-9 | Protein lin-9; Synthetic multivulva class B (synMuvB) protein. SynMuvB proteins are required to repress the induction of vulval development by Ras signaling and probably act by forming the multiprotein DRM complex that represses transcription. Required for the development of sheath cells in the hermaphrodite gonad and for the development of the male spicule, rays and gonad. In association with the zinc finger protein ztf-11, negatively regulates the expression of non- neuronal genes during neurogenesis. (644 aa) |
| | rnp-1 | RNA-binding protein rnp-1; RNA-binding protein that is required for the germ line to transition from spermatogenesis to oogenesis and allow for normal oocyte development. (305 aa) |
| | kin-1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Essential for larval development. Controls the rhythmic contraction of enteric muscles probably by regulating G- protein coupled receptor aex-2-mediated calcium influx in GABAergic DVB neurons. Plays a role in the control of oocyte meiotic maturation by gonadal sheath cells. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily. (579 aa) |
| | ZK930.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (241 aa) |
| | vab-23 | Uncharacterized protein. (253 aa) |
| | cec-4 | Chromo domain-containing protein cec-4; Chromatin anchor protein which binds to methylated lysine residues on histone H3, thereby recruiting heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery. May be required for the correct positioning of chromatin and nucleoli in embryos. (270 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | exc-7 | Uncharacterized protein. (456 aa) |
| | tax-2 | Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain-containing protein. (800 aa) |
| | F38B7.3 | PH domain-containing protein. (407 aa) |
| | tsp-14 | Tetraspanin-14; Together with tsp-12, regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage, body size and male development, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling. Together with tsp-12, probably acts by modulating the activation of glp-1, Notch-like receptor, to regulate germline maturation ; Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. (451 aa) |
| | sig-7 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase sig-7; Probable PPIase that accelerates the folding of proteins (By similarity). It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Involved in RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II)-mediated transcription elongation, and in primary transcript splicing, including co-transcriptional trans- splicing, in association with the catalytic subunit of the RNA pol II complex ama-1. Also plays a role in the regulation of elongation-dependent phosphorylation of ama-1 to control transcription. Involved in the transc [...] (427 aa) |
