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| | obr-3 | PH domain-containing protein. (770 aa) |
| | dpy-30 | Dosage compensation protein dpy-30; Essential for dosage compensation. Required for the sex-specific association of the dosage compensation complex proteins dpy-27 and dpy-26 with the hermaphrodite X chromosomes. Plays a role in developmental rate and body fat regulation downstream of the TOR complex 2. Required for the robust transdifferentiation of the Y rectal cell to the PDA motor neuron during larval development. (123 aa) |
| | ins-6 | Probable insulin-like peptide beta-type 5; Probable insulin-like peptide which negatively regulates synapse development at the neuromuscular junctions. Probably acts as a daf-2/InsR agonist ligand to prevent dauer formation under optimal environmental conditions. Acts on AWC sensory neurons to regulate high salt chemotaxis responses. (112 aa) |
| | lon-3 | Cuticle collagen lon-3; Nematode cuticles are composed largely of collagen-like proteins. The cuticle functions both as an exoskeleton and as a barrier to protect the worm from its environment. Dose-dependent regulator of body length and shape. (324 aa) |
| | ins-4 | Probable insulin-like peptide beta-type 1; Probable insulin-like peptide which negatively regulates synapse development at the neuromuscular junctions. Probably acts as a daf-2/InsR agonist ligand to prevent dauer formation under optimal environmental conditions. (106 aa) |
| | sma-2 | Dwarfin sma-2; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis. (418 aa) |
| | tax-4 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel; Required for normal thermosensation and chemosensation sensory behavior. Required, downstream of receptor- type guanylate cyclase gcy-9, for CO2-mediated responses in BAG neurons. Required, downstream of receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-14, for alkaline pH-mediated responses in ASE-left (ASEL) neurons. Involved in the development of ASJ sensory neuron axon during late larval stages and in the maintenance of normal axon morphology in the adult. Regulates dauer formation. Required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in the ASJ sensory neurons [...] (733 aa) |
| | gro-1 | tRNA isopentenyl transferase; Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (430 aa) |
| | mab-20 | Semaphorin-2A; Regulates the formation or stabilization of cell-cell contacts at several stages of epithelial morphogenesis. In early embryonic development, required for proper ventral closure of the epidermis. During male tail morphogenesis, regulates precursor cell sorting and allows the formation of distinct sensory rays. Seems to control cell-cell contact formation through 2 parallel pathways, one involving efn-4 and one involving plx-2 and unc-129. Involved in axon guidance. Probably by binding receptor plx-2, regulates fln-1-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and thus [...] (658 aa) |
| | drag-1 | RGM domain family member drag-1; Probably in association with the cell surface receptor unc-40 positively modulates the BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling pathway through interaction with both the ligand dbl-1 and its type I receptor sma-6. Regulates body size and this may be through modulation of the Sma/Mab signaling pathway ; Belongs to the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family. (408 aa) |
| | tin-10 | Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim10; Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also be required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). (86 aa) |
| | tfg-1 | PB1 domain-containing protein. (486 aa) |
| | unc-51 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase unc-51; Protein kinase important for axonal elongation and axonal guidance. Functions in the CAN axons to direct both anterior and posterior migrations. Phosphorylates both unc-14 and vab-8. Component of the unc-51/atg-13 complex that is probably recruited by lgg-1 to preautophagosomes and is required for autophagosome formation. Interaction with autophagy related proteins such as atg-13 links it to the autophagy machinery to in turn promote P-granule degradation in somatic cells. Plays a role in mitophagy during limited food availability. Regulates cell [...] (856 aa) |
| | lon-8 | Protein lon-8; Secreted protein that is involved in larval elongation, early adult growth and male tail development. (162 aa) |
| | daf-22 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like 2; Catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA with 8-16 carbon residues in the acyl group using a ping-pong mechanism whereby binding to 3-ketooctanoyl-CoA results in the release of acetyl-CoA and the subsequent addition of CoA produces 3-ketohexanohyl-CoA. Involved in the biosynthesis of the dauer pheromone by providing short chains of fatty acid that are attached to the ascarylose sugars of the pheromone. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (412 aa) |
| | efa-6 | Exchange factor for Arf-6; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for arf-6 (By similarity). Involved in response to injury in mechanosensory neurons. Inhibits axon regrowth via microtubule dynamics, possibly by inducing axonal microtubule catastrophes. Limits microtubule growth near the cellular cortex of early embryonic cells. (818 aa) |
| | daf-2 | Insulin-like receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor-like tyrosine kinase which regulates metabolism, controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Binding of INS family members may either stimulate, or antagonize, association of the receptor with downstream mediators such as pdk-1 and age-1. Required for germline progenitor proliferation during larval development. Required for the response to environmental stimuli such as food, pheromone, and temperature. Negatively regulates resistance to UV and oxidative stress. Role in immune function and pathogen resist [...] (1928 aa) |
| | smp-1 | Semaphorin-1A; May function in growth cone guidance; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (712 aa) |
| | grdn-1 | Girdin homolog; Scaffolding protein that plays a role in ciliogenesis, cilium positioning and dendrite anchoring in sensory amphid neurons including AWB, AWA, AWC, ADL and ASI and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. Its role in cilium positioning may be through regulation of the localization of cell adhesion proteins such as the apical junction protein ajm-1, and the ciliary scaffolding protein Rootletin/che-10. Belongs to the CCDC88 family. (1319 aa) |
| | eat-2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (By similarity). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the MC pharyngeal motor neuron involved in pharyngeal pumping. Has a role in the determination of life span possibly via calorific restriction which affects growth rate, although this is independent of metabolic activity. Plays a role in the defense against the accumulation of ingested live pathogenic [...] (474 aa) |
| | sbp-1 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (1113 aa) |
| | dpy-18 | Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1; Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4- hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins; Belongs to the P4HA family. (559 aa) |
| | phb-1 | Mitochondrial prohibitin complex protein 1; PHB proteins are essential during embryonic development and are required for somatic and germline differentiation in the larval gonad. A deficiency in PHB proteins results in altered mitochondrial biogenesis in body wall muscle cells. (275 aa) |
| | spd-1 | SPD-1. (529 aa) |
| | hst-6 | Heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase; 6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate. (362 aa) |
| | dss-1 | Probable 26S proteasome complex subunit dss-1; Subunit of the 26S proteasome which plays a role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Has an essential role in oogenesis and larval growth. Required for intestinal function and default lifespan. (82 aa) |
| | daf-28 | Uncharacterized protein. (97 aa) |
| | swsn-1 | SANT domain-containing protein. (792 aa) |
| | nol-2 | SAM_MT_RSMB_NOP domain-containing protein; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family. (664 aa) |
| | sma-5 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase sma-5; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the postembryonic regulation of body size, mainly through control of cell growth. In particular, controls the volume of intestine, muscles and hypodermis. In addition, regulates growth, intestinal granule distribution, lifespan and number of offspring. (509 aa) |
| | mnr-1 | MeNoRin (Dendritic branching protein). (530 aa) |
| | bir-1 | Chromosomal passenger complex protein bir-1; Component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome condensation, alignment and segregation. In the complex, required to direct the Aurora B/air-2 kinase to chromosomes. Also functions in spindle midzone formation and in the formation of polar bodies during oogenesis. Required for the localization of the kinetochore component hcp-1 to chromosomes. Involved in the positive [...] (155 aa) |
| | dbl-1 | TGF_BETA_2 domain-containing protein. (365 aa) |
| | clec-38 | C-type LECtin. (382 aa) |
| | phb-2 | Mitochondrial prohibitin complex protein 2; PHB proteins are essential during embryonic development and are required for somatic and germline differentiation in the larval gonad. A deficiency in PHB proteins results in altered mitochondrial biogenesis in body wall muscle cells. (294 aa) |
| | raga-1 | RAs-related GTP-binding protein A. (312 aa) |
| | T24D5.4 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (89 aa) |
| | hlh-3 | Helix-loop-helix protein 3; Probable transcriptional regulator. May mediate transcriptional activation by binding to the E-box motif 5'-CANNTG-3'. Plays a role in the differentiation of the hermaphrodite-specific motor neurons (HSN) that are required for normal egg laying. Might play a role in serotonin production by regulating expression of the tryptophan hydrolase tph-1 which catalyzes serotonin synthesis, in the HSN neurons. Also plays a role in HSN axon guidance towards the vulva and the ventral nerve cord, possibly by promoting the expression of the netrin receptor unc-40. Under f [...] (170 aa) |
| | ppm-2 | Probable protein phosphatase 2C T23F11.1. (356 aa) |
| | sma-10 | Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein sma-10; Binds to the TGF-beta receptors sma-6 and daf-4, and enhances TGF-beta signaling activity in vitro. Has a role in regulation of body size. (881 aa) |
| | wts-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WARTS homolog; Phosphorylates yap-1 which may negatively regulate yap-1 nuclear localization. Plays an essential role in larval development. Regulates growth, the formation of gut granules, lifespan and cell and body sizes probably in synergy with the TGF-beta sma/mab pathway. Does not appear to regulate apoptosis and proliferation. In addition, may synergize with the TGF-beta daf-7 dauer pathway to regulate entry into the dauer stage. Maintains the cellular integrity of intestinal cells by regulating the localization of apical actin and junctional proteins. (908 aa) |
| | bec-1 | Beclin homolog; Regulates autophagy. Together with phosphatidyl-3-phosphate kinase vps-34, acts as a core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns3P), thereby regulating membrane trafficking. In association with sorf-1 and sorf-2, negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate in early endosomes to allow for the conversion to late endosomes. Involved in the clearance of engulfed apoptotic cell corpses. Together with ced-9, negatively regulates somatic and germline apoptosis. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde tra [...] (375 aa) |
| | unc-40 | Unc-40 protein. (1415 aa) |
| | tsp-12 | Tetraspanin-12; Together with tsp-14, regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage, body size and male development, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling. May regulate BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling by mediating protease sup-17 trafficking to the cell surface. Together with tsp-14, probably acts by modulating the activation of glp-1, a Notch-like receptor, to regulate germline maturation. Probably acts by modulating the activation of lin-12, a Notch-like receptor, to regulate cell fate specification such as the anchor cell/ventral uteri [...] (308 aa) |
| | dpy-2 | Cuticle collagen dpy-2; Nematode cuticles are composed largely of collagen-like proteins. The cuticle functions both as an exoskeleton and as a barrier to protect the worm from its environment. Mutations in dpy-2 affects the body shape. (380 aa) |
| | lin-59 | Probable histone-lysine N-methyltransferase lin-59; Probable histone methyltransferase (By similarity). Essential protein required to maintain expression of homeotic genes egl-5 and mab-5. May play an analogous role to the trithorax Group (trxG) proteins. TrxG proteins form multiprotein complexes that are required to maintain the transcriptionally active state of homeotic genes throughout development. May act via a modification of chromatin. (1312 aa) |
| | unc-10 | Rab-3-interacting molecule unc-10; Regulates the efficiency of a post-docking step of the release pathway. Acts after vesicle docking likely via regulating priming. May regulate the conformational changes in syntaxin. Binding of vesicles via rab-3[GTP] to Rim may signal the presence of a docked synaptic vesicle. Rim may then signal to unc-13 to change the conformation of syntaxin from the closed to the open state. Syntaxin could then engage synaptobrevin on the docked vesicle to form SNARE complexes and to prime the vesicle for release. Not required for the development or the structura [...] (1563 aa) |
| | gld-3 | Defective in germ line development protein 3; Required maternally for germline survival and embryogenesis. Forms a complex with gls-1 which promotes the oogenic cell fate by freeing the translational repressor fbf to repress sperm promoting factors. Promotes maturation of primary spermatocytes to mature sperm. Required during hermaphrodite development to promote sperm fate, which is critical for determining the normal number of sperm. Promotion of sperm fate is at the expense of oogenesis, possibly through the negative regulation of fbf. Required during male development for the continu [...] (969 aa) |
| | umps-1 | Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase; Bifunctional enzyme which catalyzes the formation of UMP from orotate in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis. May also form UMP from uracil. Regulates the size of gut granules during embryonic development. Involved in resistance to DNA damaging agents including UV-C and X-ray radiation. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. (497 aa) |
| | unc-69 | Uncharacterized protein. (176 aa) |
| | sma-9 | SMAll. (2232 aa) |
| | dma-1 | LRRCT domain-containing protein. (603 aa) |
| | sma-1 | SMAll. (4166 aa) |
| | daf-16 | Forkhead box protein O; Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock and oxidative stress responses, and dauer formation. Longevity signaling predominantly arises from expression in the intestine. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration by association with ftt-2. Inhibition is required for the carbon [...] (541 aa) |
| | sma-3 | Dwarfin sma-3; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis ; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (393 aa) |
| | mdt-15 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). Require [...] (780 aa) |
| | sma-4 | Dwarfin sma-4; Involved in TGF-beta pathway; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (565 aa) |
| | nac-2 | Sodium-dependent high-affinity dicarboxylate transporter 2; High-affinity sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter that accepts a range of tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates with 4-5 carbon atoms. There is no interaction with monocarboxylates (By similarity). Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. NADC subfamily. (585 aa) |
| | pde-2 | Probable 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-2; May negatively regulate the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4 which in turn controls body size. (831 aa) |
| | pha-2 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (214 aa) |
| | unc-119 | Protein unc-119; Myristoyl-binding protein that acts as a cargo adapter: specifically binds the myristoyl moiety of a subset of N-terminally myristoylated proteins and is required for their localization. Plays a key role in ciliary membrane localization of proteins. Required for the establishment or function of the nervous system. (244 aa) |
| | dhs-28 | SCP2 domain-containing protein; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (436 aa) |
| | dpy-1 | DumPY: shorter than wild-type. (1387 aa) |
| | mlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mlk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating mek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress such as heavy metals. By activating the JNK pathway downstream of tyrosine receptor svh-2, plays a role in axon regeneration after injury. (1059 aa) |
| | spc-1 | SPeCtrin. (2432 aa) |
| | dbn-1 | Drebrin-like protein. (643 aa) |
| | mek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which may phosphorylate kgb-1 and thereby is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. May also have a synergistic role with sek-1 in phosphorylating pmk-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress including heavy metal ions (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)), oxidative stress and starvation. In association with sek-1, regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Involved in resistance to pathogenic bacteria infecti [...] (347 aa) |
| | crml-1 | Carm_PH domain-containing protein. (1056 aa) |
| | lect-2 | Peptidase_M23 domain-containing protein. (335 aa) |
| | eif-2beta | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2; eIF-2 functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S preinitiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyz [...] (250 aa) |
| | bli-4 | Endoprotease bli-4; Serine endoprotease which cleaves proproteins at paired basic amino acids (Probable). Involved in cuticle biosynthesis probably by cleaving pro-collagen into its mature form. Acts in ASEL sensory neurons to regulate high salt chemotaxis responses probably by cleaving insulin-like protein ins-6 into its mature and active form. Essential for embryonic and larval development. isoform a, isoform e, isoform f, isoform g and isoform h are involved in cuticle biosynthesis but are dispensable for larval development. (942 aa) |
| | pept-1 | Peptide transporter family 1; Low-affinity peptide transporter that is necessary for proton-dependent uptake of di- or tripeptides, and to a minor extent tetrapeptides, in the intestine. Transport is independent of sodium and chloride ions. Controls the uptake of dietary fatty acids, plays a role in fatty acid synthesis and is responsible for dipeptide-induced acidification of the intestine. Regulates cellular pH differences together with the antiporter protein, nhx-2. Amino acid uptake and absorption levels influence the insulin signaling/daf-2 and let-363/TOR pathways, subsequently a [...] (835 aa) |
| | nst-1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 homolog; May play a role in regulating cellular proliferation in both germline and somatic tissues. (556 aa) |
| | unc-26 | Synaptojanin; Probable inositol 5-phosphatase which regulates synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis; In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family. (1119 aa) |
| | pdk-1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Involved in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway, which controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates and activates sgk-1, akt-1 and akt-2. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily. (636 aa) |
| | cgt-3 | Ceramide glucosyltransferase 3; Catalyzes the first glycosylation step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, the transfer of glucose to ceramide. Seems to be the major active form in the nematode. (470 aa) |
| | sam-4 | Uncharacterized protein. (240 aa) |
| | kin-29 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase kin-29; Regulates chemoreceptor expression by phosphorylating the hda-4 class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) and inhibiting the gene repression functions of hda-4 and the mef-2 transcription factor, enabling the correct sensing and transduction of food signals. Role in determining body size, the dauer decision and serotonin-mediated egg laying. May modulate the Sma/Mab pathway and regulates development in the later larval stages. (822 aa) |
| | let-607 | BZIP domain-containing protein. (690 aa) |
| | rad-8 | Reticulon-4-interacting protein 1, mitochondrial; Plays a role in oxygen metabolism in the mitochondria by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby conferring resistance to oxidative stress. Involved in resistance to P.aeruginosa PA14 infection. Regulates lifespan. Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily. (366 aa) |
| | png-1 | Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase; Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation. Cleaves the beta- aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp. Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides. Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native protein [...] (606 aa) |
| | unc-64 | Syntaxin-1A homolog; Plays a critical role in several secretory processes, including cuticle secretion and neurotransmitter release, and probably assists in neuronal membrane maturation or the final stages of neuronal differentiation. Essential for embryonic viability and development. Has a role in dauer formation and adult life span. Required for locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin-23 and phospholipase plc-3 and upstream of innexin unc-7 and egl-4/PKG in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the qui [...] (291 aa) |
| | unc-73 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor UNC-73A. (2488 aa) |
| | egl-4 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4; Promotes chemoreceptor gene expression in response to increased cGMP levels by antagonizing the gene repression functions of the class II HDAC hda-4 and the mef-2 transcription factor. Regulates gene expression via recruitment of a histone deacetylase complex containing hda-2, saeg-1 and saeg-2. Represses body size and lifespan through the dbl-1 and insulin pathways, respectively. May also signal through daf-3 and/or daf-5. Role in egg-laying, dauer formation and motility. Regulates behavioral responses to various chemosensory stimuli in sensory neu [...] (783 aa) |
| | swan-1 | WD_REPEATS_REGION domain-containing protein. (388 aa) |
| | lon-1 | Protein lon-1; Regulates body size morphogenesis, but does not affect male tail development; Belongs to the CRISP family. (312 aa) |
| | kin-20 | Casein kinase I isoform delta; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Is a developmental timer that specifies temporal cell fate selection; acts to control the temporal identity of hypodermal seam cells. Required during late-larval development to prevent adult fates, particularly cell cycle exit and fusion, from being expressed too early. (497 aa) |
| | dpy-11 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein. (246 aa) |
| | unc-53 | Adapter protein unc-53; Involved in the migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. (1654 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | mkk-4 | MAP kinase kinase mkk-4; Activity is required in presynaptic neurons, in a dose- dependent manner, for normal presynaptic development and morphology. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (363 aa) |
| | slt-1 | Slit homolog 1 protein; Functions as a ligand for sax-3 receptor during larval development. Acts via the sax-3/Robo receptor to direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline during embryonic development. (1410 aa) |
| | sig-7 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase sig-7; Probable PPIase that accelerates the folding of proteins (By similarity). It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Involved in RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II)-mediated transcription elongation, and in primary transcript splicing, including co-transcriptional trans- splicing, in association with the catalytic subunit of the RNA pol II complex ama-1. Also plays a role in the regulation of elongation-dependent phosphorylation of ama-1 to control transcription. Involved in the transc [...] (427 aa) |
| | tsp-14 | Tetraspanin-14; Together with tsp-12, regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage, body size and male development, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling. Together with tsp-12, probably acts by modulating the activation of glp-1, Notch-like receptor, to regulate germline maturation ; Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. (451 aa) |
| | che-2 | CHE-2 protein. (760 aa) |
| | tax-2 | Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain-containing protein. (800 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | aex-5 | Endoprotease aex-5; Probable serine endoprotease which cleaves preproteins at paired basic amino acids. May process FMRFamide-like (flp) and neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) neuropeptides. In muscles, involved in neuronal retrograde signaling by regulating presynaptic activity and localization of synaptic vesicle fusion protein unc-13 at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Acts in the intestine to regulate anterior body muscle contractions (aBOC) and the expulsion steps during the defecation motor program (DMP). Probably by regulating DMP, required for fatty acid uptake by intestinal cell [...] (537 aa) |
| | lrp-1 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; May act as a receptor for the endocytosis of extracellular ligands such as chylomicron remnants, protease-inhibitor complexes and vitellogenin; Belongs to the LDLR family. (4753 aa) |
| | akt-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf- 16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. [...] (528 aa) |
| | zag-1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox protein zag-1; Down-regulates expression of genes involved in either the synthesis or reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate multiple, discrete, neuron- specific aspects of terminal differentiation, including cell migration, axonal development and gene expression. Required for axon guidance. Involved in the proper development of the pharynx. Directly represses its own transcription by interacting with conserved E-box sequence motifs 5'-CACCTG-3' in its own promoter. (596 aa) |
| | dpy-5 | Cuticle collagen dpy-5; Nematode cuticles are composed largely of collagen-like proteins. The cuticle functions both as an exoskeleton and as a barrier to protect the worm from its environment. (284 aa) |
| | F23H12.5 | Uncharacterized protein. (802 aa) |
| | sad-1 | Serine/threonine kinase SAD-1; Regulates both neuronal polarity and synaptic organization when bound to strd-1. Kinase activity is required for the establishment, but not the maintenance, of both processes. Binding to nab-1 is essential for role in restricting axonal fate during neuronal polarization but is not required for regulating synapse morphology. (914 aa) |
| | kpc-1 | Furin-like protease kpc-1; Furin-like protease which cleaves proproteins at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. During neuronal development, regulates the formation and extension of dendrite branches and cellular positioning of various type of neurons. Promotes the formation, extension and self-avoidance of dendritic branches of PVD and FLP mechanosensory neurons. In PVD neurons, regulates plasma membrane levels of branching receptor dma-1 by targeting it to late endosomes and thus promotes normal dendrite branching and dendrite self-avoidance. Also controls dendrite extension in AIY and D-t [...] (692 aa) |
| | mig-32 | RING-type domain-containing protein. (549 aa) |
| | adt-2 | A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs adt-2; Regulates body size probably independently of the TGF beta- like dbl-1 pathway. However, may regulate some dbl-1-mediated transcription. Plays a role in cuticle collagen fibril organization. Required for embryonic development. (1020 aa) |
| | gcy-12 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-12; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Acts upstream of cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4, most likely by providing cGMP to the kinase in chemosensory neurons to regulate body size. (1679 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | glo-4 | X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator homolog; Could be a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor for glo-1. May play a role in gut granule biogenesis. Regulates axon termination in PLM and ALM neurons. (1386 aa) |
| | F07B7.12 | Uncharacterized protein. (1964 aa) |
| | egl-21 | Carboxypeptidase E; During FMRFamide-like peptide (FaRPs or FLP) and neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) precursor processing, catalyzes the removal of Arg or Lys residues from the C-terminus following the initial endoprotease cleavage. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Involved in egg-laying, defecation and locomotion. By processing FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Involved in reducing pharyngeal pumping in response to high CO(2) levels. (472 aa) |
| | wdr-23 | DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 11 homolog; Involved in regulation of lifespan. Required for dopaminergic CEP neuron degeneration in response to Mn(2+). (571 aa) |
| | eat-3 | Dynamin-type G domain-containing protein; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (964 aa) |
| | smp-2 | Sema domain-containing protein; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (649 aa) |
| | ceh-17 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (237 aa) |
| | cebp-1 | C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) homolog. (319 aa) |
| | unc-104 | Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa) |
| | cnnm-1 | Metal transporter cnnm-1; Probable metal transporter. Probably acts redundantly with the other metal transport proteins cnnm-2, cnnm-3, cnnm-4 and cnnm-5 to regulate Mg(2+) homeostasis. Promotes postembryonic gonad development by regulating Mg(2+) levels, probably via AMPK signaling. Belongs to the ACDP family. (811 aa) |
| | egl-3 | Neuroendocrine convertase 2; Serine endoprotease which cleaves preproteins at paired basic amino acids. Processes FMRFamide-like (flp) and neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) neuropeptides. Probably by processing flp-1 and flp-18, modulates the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance and thus the level of activity of the locomotor circuit. Regulates sensitivity to mechanosensory stimuli. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Probably by processing flp neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. [...] (652 aa) |
| | sop-2 | Polycomb protein sop-2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Also required to repress expression of other genes and for localization of sor-1. Binds RNA. (737 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | lon-2 | LONg; Belongs to the glypican family. (508 aa) |
| | hst-2 | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase hst-2; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the C2-position of selected hexuronic acid residues within the maturing heparan sulfate (HS). Involved in cell adhesion and guidance by specifically modifying proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface that are essential for axon migrations. (324 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | cnnm-3 | Metal transporter cnnm-3; Probable metal transporter. Probably acts redundantly with the other metal transport proteins cnnm-1, cnnm-2, cnnm-4 and cnnm-5 to regulate Mg(2+) homeostasis. Promotes postembryonic gonad development by regulating Mg(2+) levels, probably via AMPK signaling. (797 aa) |
| | lin-35 | Retinoblastoma-like protein homolog lin-35; Key regulator of cell division which acts as a transcriptional repressor and negatively regulates cell cycle progression in its active unphosphorylated form, but allows cell cycle progression when phosphorylated. When unphosphorylated and in its active form, interacts with E2F transcription factors such as efl-1 to repress their transcriptional activity and negatively regulate the progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle during postembryonic development. May furthermore act with cell cycle regulator cki-1 to negatively regulate cell [...] (961 aa) |
| | sma-6 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase sma-6; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. May be a receptor for daf-7; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (636 aa) |
| | let-653 | Protein let-653; Required for epithelial tube development and shaping. Involved in the morphogenesis and function of the three unicellular tubes of the excretory system, the canal cell, the duct cell and the pore cell. Also plays a role in cuticle development, alae formation and shaping of the vulval lumen. Required for larval development. (812 aa) |
| | fsn-1 | F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1; Component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which is required for the restriction and/or maturation of synapses in GABAergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic neurons. Promotes NRJ synapse development and synaptic transmission by negatively regulating the daf- 2/InsR pathway in muscles. By targeting convertase egl-3 for degradation, negatively modulates insulin-like protein ins-4 and ins-6 processing. May stabilize synapse formation by promoting the down-regulation of scd-2. Regulates axon termination in PLM an [...] (332 aa) |
| | sax-7 | Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein. (1331 aa) |
| | tsp-21 | Tetraspanin-21; Regulates cell fate specification in the postembryonic mesodermal M lineage and body size, probably by positively modulating BMP-like Sma/Mab signaling at the ligand-receptor level. Promotes ventral fate specification in the M lineage, probably by positively modulating lin-12/Notch signaling; Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. (301 aa) |
| | akt-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf-16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Has an essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Plays a role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Regulates salt chemotaxis learning. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic devel [...] (546 aa) |
| | tin-9.1 | Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9; Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also be required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane. Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space (Probable). Belongs to the small Tim family. (78 aa) |
| | daf-4 | Cell surface receptor daf-4; Involved in TGF-beta pathway. May be a receptor for daf-7. Controls the dauer/nondauer developmental decision in a range of environmental conditions. Regulates body size and male tail patterning. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by satiety. Involved in sensitivity to CO2 levels. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (744 aa) |
| | let-756 | Protein let-756; Required for larval development. Probably by binding receptor egl-15, regulates negatively membrane protrusion from body wall muscles during larval development. (425 aa) |
| | sor-3 | Sop-2-related protein 3; Probably acts synergistically with sop-2 to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes in order to regulate various neurogenic identities. Specification of some neuronal identities also involves expression of non-Hox genes. Specifies dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal cell fate, and regulates neurotransmitter choice and axon pathfinding. (531 aa) |
| | unc-76 | Uncharacterized protein. (388 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | tin-9.2 | Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim10B; Component of the TIM22 complex, a complex that mediates the import and insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The TIM22 complex forms a twin-pore translocase that uses the membrane potential as the external driving force. In the TIM22 complex, it may act as a docking point for the soluble 70 kDa complex that guides the target proteins in transit through the aqueous mitochondrial intermembrane space (By similarity). (111 aa) |
| | nhx-2 | Na(+)/H(+) exchanger protein 2; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that promotes normal di- or tripeptide transporter function, recovery following the peptide-induced acidification of the intestinal cytoplasm and maintenance of the peptide-dependent intestinal pH homeostasis. Regulator of free fatty acid uptake from the diet together with the dipeptide transporter pept- 1. May play a timekeeper role in defecation cycle but is not necessary for pbo-4-dependent proton release. May play a role in the regulation of lifespan independent of the stress response pathway. (644 aa) |
| | unc-44 | Uncharacterized protein. (6994 aa) |
| | age-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homolog that regulates longevity and diapause. Promotes cell survival during embryonic development by recruiting akt-1/2 to the plasma membrane through the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Could function in the development or neuroendocrine signaling of the dauer pathway. Mediates susceptibility to enteropathogenic E.coli infection. May negatively regulate AYI interneuron neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in aversive olfactory learning when an odor is associated with food deprivation. Regulates this process by promoting the [...] (1182 aa) |
| | hse-5 | D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase; Converts D-glucuronic acid residues adjacent to N-sulfate sugar residues to L-iduronic acids (By similarity). Plays a role in the early migration of AQR and PQR neurons, which descend from the Q neuroblasts ; Belongs to the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase family. (616 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | daf-11 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. In addition, regulates cGMP levels by controlling the transcription of 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-1 and pde-5 mRNAs. Involved in the olfactory, light and pheromone sensing pathways. Part of the chemosensory mechanism of the ASJ sensory neuron that controls dauer formation and dauer recovery. Promotes the calcium flux in ASJ sensory neurons in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response [...] (1077 aa) |
