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| | unc-97 | LIM domain-containing protein unc-97; Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Probably function in adherens junction. Affects the structural integrity of the integrin containing muscle adherens junctions and contributes to the mechanosensory functions of touch neurons. (348 aa) |
| | unc-38 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-38; Alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Probably acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (511 aa) |
| | inx-3 | Innexin-3; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (420 aa) |
| | egl-1 | Programmed cell death activator egl-1; Plays a major role in programmed cell death (PCD or apoptosis) by negatively regulating ced-9. Binds to and directly inhibits the activity of ced-9, releasing the cell death activator ced-4 from a ced- 9/ced-4 containing protein complex and allowing ced-4 to activate the cell-killing caspase ced-3. Required to activate programmed cell death in the sister cells of the serotonergic neurosecretory motor (NSM) neurons during embryogenesis. Required to activate programmed cell death in the sister cells of the M4 motor neuron and I1 pharyngeal neuron du [...] (106 aa) |
| | ppm-1.A | Protein phosphatase ppm-1.A; Probable phosphatase which regulates axon termination in ALM and PLM neurons, and synaptic branch extension and/or stabilization in PLM neurons. Plays a role in synapse formation in GABAergic DD motor neurons probably by dephosphorylating pmk-3 thereby negatively regulating a MAP kinase pathway that includes dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3. Belongs to the PP2C family. (468 aa) |
| | glc-2 | Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit beta; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit; channel properties depend on the subunit composition. Glutamate binding triggers a rapidly reversible current in heteromeric channels formed by glc-1 and glc-2, while the anti-helmintic drug ivermectin and other avermectins trigger a permanently open channel configuration. Channels containing only glc- 2 are activated by glutamate, but not by ivermectin (in vitro). The heteromeric channel formed by glc-1 and glc-2 is also activated by ibotenate, and it is blocked by picrotoxin and flufenamic acid. (434 aa) |
| | acr-16 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-16; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (By similarity). A subunit of the levamisole-insensitive nicotinic receptor. (498 aa) |
| | acr-15 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (479 aa) |
| | che-7 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (563 aa) |
| | acr-21 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (635 aa) |
| | picc-1 | PAC-1 interacting and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1; Linker protein which helps to recruit the Rho GTPase- activating protein, pac-1, to adherens junctions. (535 aa) |
| | snt-1 | Synaptotagmin-1; May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone (By similarity). Involved in necrotic cell death. (443 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | syd-1 | Rho GTPase-activating protein syd-1; Probable GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. Regulates the localization and assembly of presynaptic components during presynaptic development and is required for specifying the identity of axons during initial polarity acquisition. In these roles it is thought to act cell autonomously downstream of syg-1 and syg-2 and upstream of syd-2, possibly as a positive regulator of the latter. Required for the control of movement, egg-laying and the correct localization of elks-1. (987 aa) |
| | rbf-1 | Rabphilin-1; Rab-3 effector. (1106 aa) |
| | glr-6 | PBPe domain-containing protein. (844 aa) |
| | zyx-1 | Zyxin; Functions as both a mechanical stabilizer (via LIM domains) of focal adhesions and as a sensor component for muscle cell damage (via N-terminus). Regulates, stabilizes and maintains posterior lateral mechanosensory (PLM) synaptic branch extension and new synapse formation and growth during larval development. (647 aa) |
| | cla-1 | Protein clarinet; Required for synapse development in the active zone of presynaptic terminals of specific neurons including serotonergic NSM neurons. The active zone is a protein-dense neuronal region within the presynaptic bouton, from which synaptic vesicles send neurotransmitter signals across the synapse. Plays a role in the recruitment and clustering of synaptic vesicles in the active zone of presynaptic terminals in serotonergic NSM neurons, and coordinates the release of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals to regulate neurotransmission at neuromuscular junctions. Regulat [...] (8922 aa) |
| | madd-4 | Protein madd-4; Component of an extracellular matrix cue that is involved in the guidance of dorsoventral midline migrations and in the specification of postsynaptic domains at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Acts as a ligand for the netrin receptor unc-40 and the neuroligin receptor nlg-1. Secreted by the dorsal and ventral nerve cords to attract sensory axons and muscle membrane extensions called muscle arms. In parallel with unc-6 and slt-1, involved in the netrin receptor unc-40 dependent guidance of the AVM and PVM mechanosensory axons along the dorsal-ventral axis. The unc-40 cor [...] (1045 aa) |
| | clr-1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase; Possesses an intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity. Regulates egl-15 activity which is required for hypodermis-mediated fluid homeostasis and protein degradation in muscle. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles. Plays a role in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated sensitivity to nicotine. Regulates synaptic levels of nAchR subunit lev-1 in the nerve cord. Promotes the outgrowth of the quaternary dendritic branches of [...] (1444 aa) |
| | sdn-1 | Probable syndecan; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate (By similarity). Required for correct mitotic spindle orientation of the ABar blastomere division plane and this may be through modulation of astral microtubule array, and in association with the wnt-signaling proteins mig-5 and dsh-2. Involved in the migration of AQR and PQR neurons, which descend from the Q neuroblasts. Promotes the axon guidance of D-type motor neurons. (288 aa) |
| | tbg-1 | Tubulin gamma chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. (444 aa) |
| | syd-2 | Liprin-alpha; May play a role in regulating the structure of the neuronal region, called the active zone, from which synaptic vesicles send neurotransmitter signals across the synapse. This may be in association with the liprin-beta protein hlb-1 ; Belongs to the liprin family. Liprin-alpha subfamily. (1139 aa) |
| | exp-1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor exp-1; GABA receptor that functions as an excitatory cation channel. Permeable to monovalent cations such as Na(+) and K(+). Has negligible divalent cation permeability. Does not act as a chloride channel. Mediates enteric muscle contractions required for defecation. Probably by regulating the defecation motor program, required for fatty acid uptake by intestinal cells. (539 aa) |
| | unc-26 | Synaptojanin; Probable inositol 5-phosphatase which regulates synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis; In the central section; belongs to the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate 5-phosphatase family. (1119 aa) |
| | inx-7 | Innexin-7; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (556 aa) |
| | snap-29 | Soluble NSF attachment protein 29; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion; Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (277 aa) |
| | syg-1 | Synaptogenesis protein syg-1; Cell adhesion protein. Involved in synapse formation in the HSNL egg-laying motor neuron. Inhibits assembly of the SCF(sel-10) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex at synapses, and protects them from elimination. Also required for F- actin assembly at the synaptic region and for axon branch formation. (730 aa) |
| | deg-3 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type deg-3; Subunit of the non-synaptic neuronal acetylcholine receptor, which may play a role in chemotaxis towards choline. After binding choline or acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion- conducting channel across the plasma membrane ; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (564 aa) |
| | unc-1 | Protein unc-1. (289 aa) |
| | acr-5 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-5; Possible acetylcholine receptor; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (598 aa) |
| | apr-1 | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein-related protein 1; Has a role in endoderm cell specification and pharyngeal development. Required for the migration of epithelial cells, organization of the anterior seam cells and ceh-13 expression during embryo morphogenesis. Prevents hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway during endoderm development, probably by preventing hmp-2 nuclear translocation. During larval development, apr-1 is required for expression of lin-39 in P3-8.p. Shown to negatively regulate Wnt signaling in vulval precursor cells. Has a role in cell division by establishing [...] (1188 aa) |
| | hmp-2 | Beta-catenin-like protein hmp-2; Required for cell migration during body enclosure and cell shape changes during body elongation. Plays a role in recruitment of the cadherin protein hmr-1 to adherens junctions. (704 aa) |
| | mup-4 | Transmembrane matrix receptor MUP-4; Required for junctional attachments between hypodermis and muscle, and between the apical epithelial surface and the cuticular matrix. Essential for enclosure of the embryo by the hypodermis, hypodermal integrity, embryo elongation, and maintenance of hypodermal morphology in fully elongated embryos. (2104 aa) |
| | toca-2 | Transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly protein 2 homolog; Plays a role in protein trafficking, actin organization and embryonic morphogenesis. Potentially acts as cdc-42 effector. May play a role in egg laying. Together with toca-1, is required for protein trafficking regulating yolk protein clathrin-mediated endocytosis by oocytes during oogenesis and retrograde recycling and the sorting of recycling endosome cargo proteins such as mig-14. Also, together with toca-2, controls the distribution of actin at cell junctions. Belongs to the FNBP1 family. (610 aa) |
| | mua-3 | Transmembrane cell adhesion receptor mua-3; Involved in cell adhesion and required for organ positioning and attachment. At the hypodermal surface, required for attachment of the hypdermermis to the basal cuticle in postembryonic development, possibly through intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. (3767 aa) |
| | glr-3 | GLutamate Receptor family (AMPA). (836 aa) |
| | acr-2 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type acr-2; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (575 aa) |
| | acr-3 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type acr-3; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Probably acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. (487 aa) |
| | snf-6 | Sodium-dependent acetylcholine transporter; Mediates sodium-dependent uptake of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions during periods of increased synaptic activity, may also prevent spillover to adjacent synaptic sites. Not involved in the uptake of other neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine, proline and glutamate) and there was also no inhibition of uptake by adding an excess of other candidate substrates (GABA, glycine, taurine, creatine, proline, alanine, carnitine, glutamate and betaine). Required for muscle integrity; altered transport of acetylcholine due to loss of dystrophin-gly [...] (714 aa) |
| | acr-12 | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-like subunit ACR-12. (573 aa) |
| | acr-10 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (557 aa) |
| | unc-7 | Innexin unc-7; Structural component of the gap junctions (By similarity). Required for coordinated locomotion. Probably by regulating neuronal transmission downstream of lin-3 and receptor lin- 23 and phospholipase plc-3 in ALA neurons, involved in the decrease in pharyngeal pumping during the quiescent state that precedes each larval molt. (546 aa) |
| | oig-4 | Immunoglobulin domain-containing protein oig-4; Required for the localization of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions and for subsequently controlling the response evoked by receptor stimulation. (155 aa) |
| | inx-5 | Innexin-5; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (447 aa) |
| | inx-17 | Innexin-17; Structural component of the gap junctions. (362 aa) |
| | inx-16 | Innexin-16; Structural component of the gap junctions (By similarity). Required for signals downstream of defecation clock. Belongs to the pannexin family. (372 aa) |
| | inx-15 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (382 aa) |
| | unc-9 | Innexin unc-9; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (386 aa) |
| | hmp-1 | Alpha-catenin-like protein hmp-1; Required for cell migration during body enclosure and cell shape changes during body elongation. Required for proper localization of other junctional components, such as pac-1 ; Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (930 aa) |
| | nmr-2 | NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor NMR-2. (990 aa) |
| | frk-1 | Fer-related kinase 1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase which plays a role in morphogenesis by regulating the epidermal enclosure of the embryo, independently of its kinase activity. Prevents hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway during endoderm development, probably by preventing hmp-2 nuclear translocation. (390 aa) |
| | unc-57 | Endophilin-A homolog; Involved in synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling in neurons probably by regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. By controlling SV endocytosis, regulates the rate of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at neuromuscular junctions and thus locomotion. In a similar manner, involved in necrotic neuronal cell death induced by abnormal hyperactivation of ion channels. Plays a minor role in responses to mechanical stimuli. Plays a minor role in unc- 26/synaptojanin localization to synapses. (381 aa) |
| | acr-14 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (500 aa) |
| | mig-5 | Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog mig-5; Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes. Functions redundantly with other dishevelled family members throughout development. During embryonic and larval development, controls cell migration and/or cell fate specification of hypodermal cells, hypodermal seam cells, vulval precursor cells and, through distal tip cell migration, somatic gonad precursor cells. In early embryos, regulates the orientation of the mitotic spindle of blastomeres and specifically, along with dsh-2, is required for the cor [...] (672 aa) |
| | ced-9 | Apoptosis regulator ced-9; Plays a major role in programmed cell death (PCD, apoptosis). egl-1 binds to and directly inhibits the activity of ced-9, releasing the cell death activator ced-4 from a ced-9/ced-4 containing protein complex and allowing ced-4 to activate the cell-killing caspase ced-3. During larval development, required for the elimination of transient presynaptic components downstream of egl-1 and upstream of ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic pathway. (280 aa) |
| | lev-9 | Protein lev-9; Scaffolding protein that is necessary to cluster acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. (1347 aa) |
| | unc-29 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type unc-29; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine and levasimole. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (493 aa) |
| | acr-7 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type acr-7; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. (538 aa) |
| | noca-1 | Non-centrosomal microtubule array protein 1; Plays a role in the assembly of microtubule arrays in the germline acting redundantly with ptrn-1 to control circumferential microtubule assembly along the body which is necessary for larval development, viability, and morphology and integrity of the epidermis. Required for microtubule stability and anchorage by binding to microtubule minus ends. Recruited to hemidesomosomes in early embryonic elongation to direct the nucleation and growth of non-centrosomal microtubules. [Isoform h]: Directs the assembly of non-centrosomal microtubule array [...] (922 aa) |
| | cni-1 | Protein cornichon homolog 1; Negatively regulates export of glr-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum to synapses. (145 aa) |
| | unc-10 | Rab-3-interacting molecule unc-10; Regulates the efficiency of a post-docking step of the release pathway. Acts after vesicle docking likely via regulating priming. May regulate the conformational changes in syntaxin. Binding of vesicles via rab-3[GTP] to Rim may signal the presence of a docked synaptic vesicle. Rim may then signal to unc-13 to change the conformation of syntaxin from the closed to the open state. Syntaxin could then engage synaptobrevin on the docked vesicle to form SNARE complexes and to prime the vesicle for release. Not required for the development or the structura [...] (1563 aa) |
| | snb-1 | Synaptobrevin-1; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane. Acts in neuronal exocytosis of synaptic transmission. Likely to have a role in cholinergic transmisson. Required for viability, coordinated movement and M3 pharynx motor neuron function. (109 aa) |
| | inx-19 | Innexin-19; Structural component of the gap junctions that specifically coordinates left-right asymmetry in the developing nervous system. Acts by forming gap junction network linking embryonic neurons and providing electrical coupling between cells, leading to promote or inhibit AWC signaling. Required for the left and right AWC olfactory neurons to establish asymmetric patterns of gene expression during embryogenesis. Acts autonomously. (454 aa) |
| | inx-10 | Innexin-10; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (559 aa) |
| | lgc-50 | Ligand-gated ion channel 50. (491 aa) |
| | inx-20 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (483 aa) |
| | par-6 | Partitioning defective protein 6; Necessary for apicobasal and anterior-posterior asymmetries associated with cell adhesion and gastrulation during the first few cell cycles of embryogenesis. Required for localizing/ maintaining par-3 at the cell periphery. Regulates mes-1 expression and/or localization pattern during early embryogenesis. Acts together with par-3 and pkc-3 in maintaining epithelial cell polarity in the distal spermatheca. Plays a role in endosome and Golgi body positioning. Belongs to the PAR6 family. (309 aa) |
| | acc-4 | Acetylcholine-gated ion channel acc-4; Probable acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit. Does not have ion channel activity alone as a homopentamer, but forms a functional heteropentameric ion channel with acc-1. May function with lgc-46 to regulate synaptic transmission and synaptic vesicle release in response to acetylcholine in cholinergic motor neurons. (408 aa) |
| | hmr-1 | Cadherin-related hmr-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Required for adherens junction assembly and connecting adherens junctions to the cytoskeleton. Isoform b is involved in axonal guidance in a subset of motor neurons. (2920 aa) |
| | kel-8 | Kelch-like protein 8; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates degradation of glutamate receptors in neurons. The BCR(kel-8) ubiquitin ligase complex mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of rpy-1. Indirectly regulates the protein turnover of glr-1, possibly via ubiquitination and degradation of rpy-1. (727 aa) |
| | inx-11 | Innexin-11; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (529 aa) |
| | ace-1 | Acetylcholinesterase 1; Rapidly hydrolyzes choline released into the synapse. It can hydrolyze butyrylthiocholine. (620 aa) |
| | mua-6 | Intermediate filament protein ifa-2; Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength to cells. Essential protein, involved in attachment structures in epidermal cells that connect muscles to the external cuticle. Probably acts by forming hypodermal hemidesmosome complexes that help mediate muscle-cuticle force transduction. Although expressed during embryogenesis, it is not required for embryonic development of muscle- cuticle linkages nor for the localization of other proteins to the hemidesmosomes in embryos. (581 aa) |
| | jac-1 | Juxtamembrane domain-associated catenin; May act as a positive modulator of hmr-1 function during epidermal morphogenesis. Required for proper localization of other junctional components, such as pac-1 ; Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (1256 aa) |
| | unc-95 | LIM domain-containing protein unc-95; Required for the assembly and integrity of muscle dense bodies, which establish the adhesion sites of the muscle cells to the extracellular matrix. Decreased localization of unc-95 to dense bodies and their subsequent dissociation plays an important role in ecdysis during molting. Involved in the organization of the muscle sarcomeric structure and thereby required for locomotion. (350 aa) |
| | ptc-3 | Protein patched homolog 3; Regulates osmosis during embryonic development. Required for larval development and in particular is involved in larval molting. Belongs to the patched family. (1367 aa) |
| | unc-63 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-type unc-63; Alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Probably acts in cholinergic motoneurons to regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release, thereby ensuring normal level of excitation of cholinergic motoneurons during locomotion. Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine and levamisole. (502 aa) |
| | sup-1 | Protein SUP-1; May be involved in trafficking or stabilization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter unc-17. (103 aa) |
| | sorb-1 | Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 homolog; Required for organization of sarcomeres in body wall muscles and for maintaining normal mitochondrial position in myocytes. (1005 aa) |
| | inx-21 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (481 aa) |
| | inx-22 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (462 aa) |
| | eat-2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (By similarity). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the MC pharyngeal motor neuron involved in pharyngeal pumping. Has a role in the determination of life span possibly via calorific restriction which affects growth rate, although this is independent of metabolic activity. Plays a role in the defense against the accumulation of ingested live pathogenic [...] (474 aa) |
| | slo-1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel slo-1; Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Essential for the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses. (1160 aa) |
| | strd-1 | STE20-related kinase adapter protein strd-1; Pseudokinase which may act as an adapter for kinases sad-1 and par-4 and thereby is involved in several developmental processes. Regulates cell-autonomously both neuronal polarity and synaptic organization when bound to sad-1. Required for sad-1 localization to synapses. Required to establish germline stem cell (GSC) quiescence during dauer development, to promote cell shedding during embryogenesis and to control asymmetric cell division of the Q.p neuroblast lineage, probably when bound to par-4. May be involved in maintaining the integrity [...] (388 aa) |
| | lin-7 | Protein lin-7 homolog; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells; Belongs to the lin-7 family. (209 aa) |
| | lgc-46 | Probable ligand-gated ion channel 46; Probable component of a ligand-gated anion channel. Negatively regulates synaptic transmission and synaptic vesicle release in response to acetylcholine in cholinergic motor neurons. Role in synaptic vesicle release kinetics may be in association with the ligand-gated ion channel protein acc-4. (508 aa) |
| | acr-25 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (544 aa) |
| | inx-13 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (385 aa) |
| | glr-5 | GLutamate Receptor family (AMPA). (932 aa) |
| | unc-17 | Vesicular acetylcholine transporter unc-17; Involved in acetylcholine transport into synaptic vesicles. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family. (532 aa) |
| | deb-1 | Vinculin; Involved in cell adhesion. May be involved in the attachment of the actin-based microfilaments to the plasma membrane. Involved in ovulation. (1090 aa) |
| | gab-1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta; GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA receptor and opening an integral chloride channel; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily. (550 aa) |
| | acr-8 | Acetylcholine receptor 8. (537 aa) |
| | pat-3 | Integrin beta pat-3; Integrin alpha ina-1/beta pat-3 is a receptor for laminin. Integrin alpha pat-2/beta pat-3 recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands (Probable). Plays a role in cell migration, morphogenesis and probably in cell-cell interactions. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. Involved in the assembly of dense bodies and M line [...] (809 aa) |
| | cdh-3 | Cadherin-3; Cell adhesion protein involved in the control of epithelial morphogenesis. Together with metalloproteinase zmp-1 and hemicentin him-4, plays a role in anchor cell (AC) invasion during postembryonic vulval development. (3361 aa) |
| | eat-4 | Probable vesicular glutamate transporter eat-4; Required for glutamatergic synaptic transmission. In AWB and AWC sensory neurons, required for the detection of preferred food sources, probably via glutamatergic neurotransmission from sensory neurons. Negatively regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. (576 aa) |
| | inx-12 | Innexin-12; Structural component of the gap junctions (By similarity). Plays a role in oocyte directional transit in the spermatheca during ovulation by facilitating the directional propagation of the calcium signal in the spermatheca. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis ; Belongs to the pannexin family. (408 aa) |
| | inx-8 | Innexin-8; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (382 aa) |
| | inx-9 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (382 aa) |
| | unc-31 | Calcium-dependent secretion activator; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity). Specifically required to activate the neuronal G-alpha pathway. Functions with G-alpha proteins from the same motor neurons to regulate locomotion. Involved in regulating entry into quiescence triggered by sat [...] (1401 aa) |
| | acr-6 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (551 aa) |
| | glr-2 | Glutamate receptor 2; L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of glutamate are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. Required for response to mechanical and osmotic stimuli; Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. (977 aa) |
| | egl-8 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta egl-8; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (By similarity). Required in the nervous system to modulate neuronal activity. Facilitates synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions by regulating the release of acetylcholine from the motor neurons and thus affecting locomotion. Plays a role in efficient egg laying and defecation. Involved in axon regeneration [...] (1512 aa) |
| | cam-1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor cam-1; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for Wnt ligands egl-20, mom- 2 and cwn-1. Involved in the final positioning of migrating ALM, CAN, BDU and HSN neurons during development. Involved in the anterior-posterior migration of QR neuroblast descendants, QR.p and QR.pa, by maintaining QR.p cell polarization, probably through mig-2. In addition, plays a role in ASI sensory neuron positioning and functions. Regulates asymmetric division of V cells (seam cells) and CA/CP neuroblast, and axon outgrowth. Probably by acting as a receptor for Wnt ligand cwn- 2, [...] (928 aa) |
| | pac-1 | GTPase-activating protein pac-1; GTPase-activating protein for members of the Rho subfamily including Rac1, RhoA and cdc42 and other Ras-related subfamilies including let-60. Mediates radial (inner-outer) polarity and gastrulation by excluding par-6 from contacted cell surfaces; acts by inactivating cdc42 at inner cell surfaces which limits active cdc42 to outer cell surfaces devoid of cell-cell contacts, where cdc42 can bind and recruit par-6. Required for blastomere polarization. (1718 aa) |
| | mapk-15 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15; Atypical MAPK protein. Regulates primary cilium formation in sensory neurons and the localization of ciliary proteins involved in cilium structure, transport, and signaling. Acts in dopamine (DA) neurons to support synaptic membrane dat-1 availability via activation of rho-1 thereby sustaining normal levels of DA clearance. Plays a role in male mating behavior, probably in part through regulating the localization of the polycystin pkd-2. Functions postembryonically in the URX sensory neurons to constrain URX dendrite growth throughout lifetime, prob [...] (470 aa) |
| | glr-4 | GLutamate Receptor family (AMPA). (951 aa) |
| | glr-1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of glutamate are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. May contribute to a sensory discrimination between mechanical and chemical stimuli. Plays a role in controlling movement in response to environmental cues such as food availability and mechanosensory stimulation such as the nose touch response. In AIB interneurons, promotes om [...] (962 aa) |
| | ptp-3 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase Lar-like; Has a role in early neural and epidermal development; neuroblast movements during closure of the gastrulation cleft and epidermal morphogenesis. Vab-1 and ptp-3 may function redundantly within the same sets of neuronal precursors. (2248 aa) |
| | ggr-1 | Glycine receptor subunit beta-type 4; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. (473 aa) |
| | lin-10 | Protein lin-10; Required specifically for the determination of 3 vulval precursor cell fates P5.p, P6.p and P7.p during late second and early third larval stages; required for basolateral localization of receptor tyrosine kinase let-23. Could have a general but redundant role in development, functioning in diverse cell lineages to control cell fates. Regulates the trafficking of the glutamate receptor glr-1 in the ventral nerve cord. (982 aa) |
| | sol-1 | Suppressor of lurcher protein 1; Accessory protein required for glutamate-gated currents. May participate in the gating of non-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) ionotropic glutamate receptors such as glr-1. (594 aa) |
| | rnf-5 | E3 ubiquitin ligase rnf-5; E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a role in the maintenance of muscle cell boundaries and muscle dense bodies, which establish the adhesion sites of the muscle cells to the extracellular matrix. Ubiquitinates the LIM domain protein unc-95, thereby regulating its dislocalization from muscle dense bodies and weakening the link between the muscle cells and the hypodermis. Regulation of unc-95 dissociation from muscle dense bodies by ubiquitination plays an important role in ecdysis during molting. Plays a role in the cessation of distal tip cell migration at the en [...] (235 aa) |
| | inx-1 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (428 aa) |
| | inx-18 | Innexin; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (436 aa) |
| | ajm-1 | Apical junction molecule; Controls adherens junction integrity. Required for the correct rate and completion of elongation of the embryos. (1905 aa) |
| | dlg-1 | Disks large homolog 1; Essential multidomain scaffolding protein required for normal development (Probable). Recruits channels, receptors and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane domains in polarized cells (By similarity). Required for proper embryonic elongation. Acts upstream of ajm-1 and becomes localized to apical junctions independently of ajm-1. With let-413, cooperatively regulates ajm-1 localization to apical junctions. Belongs to the MAGUK family. (967 aa) |
| | fsn-1 | F-box/SPRY domain-containing protein 1; Component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which is required for the restriction and/or maturation of synapses in GABAergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) presynaptic neurons. Promotes NRJ synapse development and synaptic transmission by negatively regulating the daf- 2/InsR pathway in muscles. By targeting convertase egl-3 for degradation, negatively modulates insulin-like protein ins-4 and ins-6 processing. May stabilize synapse formation by promoting the down-regulation of scd-2. Regulates axon termination in PLM an [...] (332 aa) |
| | syg-2 | Synaptogenesis protein syg-2; Cell adhesion protein. Determines synapse formation. Required for correct localization of syg-1 at synaptic sites. (1230 aa) |
| | pxl-1 | Paxillin homolog 1; Required for myofilament organization of the pharyngeal sarcomeres and for pharyngeal muscle contractions and hence for pharyngeal pumping. Together with lin-8, might be required for myofilament organization in the body wall muscles ; Belongs to the paxillin family. (413 aa) |
| | acr-19 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (560 aa) |
| | shn-1 | Protein shank; Scaffold protein that most likely acts in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses which orchestrates synapse formation and maintenance at neuromuscular junctions. Associates with and trafficks the L-type calcium channel egl-19 to the cell surface of body wall muscles to ensure the function of the calcium channel and therefore maintain the Ca(2+) current density. The maintenance of Ca(2+) also allows for the downstream regulation of Ca(2+)-induced expression of genes such as gem-4. Plays a role in the regulation of the defecation cycle, and this may be in as [...] (1140 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | sphk-1 | Sphingosine kinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on sphinganine (By similarity). Required for neurotransmitter release from neuromuscular junctions. Acts by recruiting the synaptic vesicle priming protein unc-13 to synapses (Probable). (473 aa) |
| | lev-8 | Uncharacterized protein. (531 aa) |
| | inx-6 | Innexin-6; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (389 aa) |
| | acr-9 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (534 aa) |
| | nlg-1 | Neuroligin-1; Probable neuronal cell surface protein thought to be involved in cell-cell-interactions by forming intercellular junctions through binding to beta-neurexins (By similarity). Plays a role in the clustering of the GABA(A) receptor unc-49 at postsynaptic sites in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) via the interaction with madd-4 and neurexin nrx-1 and is thereby required for normal GABAergic synaptic transmission. Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (847 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | gip-2 | Gamma-tubulin interacting protein 2; Recruited to hemidesomosomes in early embryonic elongation to direct the nucleation and growth of non-centrosomal microtubules. (642 aa) |
| | ced-3 | Cell death protein 3 subunit p13; Acts as a cysteine protease in controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis) by proteolytically activating or inactivating a wide range of substrates. Component of the egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 apoptotic signaling cascade required for the initiation of programmed cell death in cells fated to die during embryonic and postembryonic development. During oogenesis, required for germline apoptosis downstream of ced-9 and ced-4 but independently of egl-1. By cleaving and activating ced-8, promotes phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of apoptotic ce [...] (503 aa) |
| | rig-3 | Neuronal immunoglobulin domain-containing protein rig-3; Cell surface protein which plays a role in the plasticity of cholinergic synapses at neuromuscular junctions and in the polarity of the mechanosensory neuron ALM, possibly by antagonizing Wnt signaling. (487 aa) |
| | bar-1 | Beta-catenin/armadillo-related protein 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway which affects cell fate and may regulate the stem cell divisions of seam cells during larval development. Functions as a transcriptional activator but is dependent on the interaction with pop-1. Involved in maintaining lin-39 Hox expression and regulating glr-1 abundance at the synapses. Required for mab-5 expression during Q neuroblast migration and for oxidative stress-induced daf-16 signaling. Has roles in egg laying, vulva precursor cell fate determination, Q neuroblast migration, posterior ectoderm [...] (811 aa) |
| | acr-11 | AcetylCholine Receptor. (461 aa) |
| | inx-14 | Innexin-14; Structural component of the gap junctions. (434 aa) |
| | tth-1 | Thymosin beta; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton by regulating actin polymerization in two ways. Firstly, by binding to and sequestering actin monomers (G actin) inhibits actin polymerization. Secondly, by binding directly filamentous actin (F actin) promotes actin polymerization. Regulates the formation of cortical actin in oocytes conferring them enough rigidity to sustain the contractions during ovulation. (151 aa) |
| | inx-2 | Innexin-2; Structural component of the gap junctions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (419 aa) |
| | toca-1 | Transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly protein 1 homolog; Plays a role in protein trafficking, actin organization and embryonic morphogenesis. Potentially acts as cdc-42 effector. May play a role in hypodermal P-cell nuclear positioning. Together with toca-2, is required for protein trafficking regulating yolk protein clathrin- mediated endocytosis by oocytes during oogenesis and retrograde recycling and the sorting of recycling endosome cargo proteins such as mig-14. Also, together with toca-2, controls the distribution of actin at cell junctions. (592 aa) |
| | lev-1 | Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-type lev-1; Non-alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Involved in nAChR sensitivity to nicotine. Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (507 aa) |
| | emb-27 | Cell division cycle protein 16 homolog; Probable component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle (By similarity). The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Developmental role in early embryogenesis and the metaphase to anaphase transition in oocyte and spermatocyte meiosis and mitosis in germ cells. Required for embryonic anterior-posterior axis formation. Plays a role in regulating [...] (655 aa) |
| | rae-1 | mRNA export factor rae-1; Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors (By similarity). It is specifically important for nuclear mRNA export. Has a role in neuronal development, where it acts downstream of rpm-1 to control axon termination and synapse formation in anterior lateral microtubule (ALM) and posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) mechanosensory neurons. Belo [...] (373 aa) |
| | glc-1 | Glutamate-gated chloride channel alpha; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit; channel properties depend on the subunit composition. Glutamate binding triggers a rapidly reversible current in heteromeric channels formed by glc-1 and glc-2, while the anti-helmintic drug ivermectin and other avermectins trigger a permanently open channel configuration. Channels containing only glc- 1 are activated by ivermectin, but not by glutamate alone (in vitro). The heteromeric channel formed by glc-1 and glc-2 is also activated by ibotenate, and it is blocked by picrotoxin and flufenamic acid. P [...] (461 aa) |
| | eat-5 | Innexin eat-5; Structural component of the gap junctions (By similarity). Required for synchronized pharyngeal muscle contractions. Belongs to the pannexin family. (423 aa) |
| | sad-1 | Serine/threonine kinase SAD-1; Regulates both neuronal polarity and synaptic organization when bound to strd-1. Kinase activity is required for the establishment, but not the maintenance, of both processes. Binding to nab-1 is essential for role in restricting axonal fate during neuronal polarization but is not required for regulating synapse morphology. (914 aa) |
| | lgc-4 | Ligand-gated ion channel 4; Possible acetylcholine receptor; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. (635 aa) |
