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| | strd-1 | STE20-related kinase adapter protein strd-1; Pseudokinase which may act as an adapter for kinases sad-1 and par-4 and thereby is involved in several developmental processes. Regulates cell-autonomously both neuronal polarity and synaptic organization when bound to sad-1. Required for sad-1 localization to synapses. Required to establish germline stem cell (GSC) quiescence during dauer development, to promote cell shedding during embryogenesis and to control asymmetric cell division of the Q.p neuroblast lineage, probably when bound to par-4. May be involved in maintaining the integrity [...] (388 aa) |
| | che-12 | Crescerin-like protein che-12; Required for normal structure and function of sensory cilia on amphid neurons, especially for the formation of distal ciliary structures, but is less important for normal assembly of middle and basal ciliary structures. Plays a role in the organization of axoneme microtubule bundles in sensory cilia. Required for normal structure and function of the ASER neuron that mediates attraction to NaCl. Required for normal chemotaxis to NaCl. Required for normal avoidance response to high osmolarity. In contrast, is not required for normal chemotaxis to isoamyl al [...] (1282 aa) |
| | vps-34 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Together with bec-1, mediates the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on intracellular vesicles and thereby regulates membrane trafficking. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport of mig-14. Involved in clearance of apoptotic cell corpses by phagosomes. Phagosome maturation requires two sequential and non-overlapping pulses of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) on the vesicle surface which mediates recr [...] (901 aa) |
| | kin-3 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling. Modulates two aspects of male mating behavior; response to hermaphrodite contact and vulval location, acting in the same pathway as lov-1 and pkd-2. (360 aa) |
| | daf-11 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase daf-11; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. In addition, regulates cGMP levels by controlling the transcription of 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase pde-1 and pde-5 mRNAs. Involved in the olfactory, light and pheromone sensing pathways. Part of the chemosensory mechanism of the ASJ sensory neuron that controls dauer formation and dauer recovery. Promotes the calcium flux in ASJ sensory neurons in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response [...] (1077 aa) |
| | ida-1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like ida-1; Regulates dense-core vesicle (DCV) trafficking and/or secretion. Probably by controlling DCV trafficking, plays a role in the AVG neuron-mediated formation of the right axon tract of the ventral nerve cord. Involved in locomotion by regulating acetylcholine release. Probably by controlling the secretion of FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Plays a role in preventing dauer formation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 8 subfamily. (767 aa) |
| | unc-5 | Netrin receptor unc-5; Receptor for netrin (unc-6) required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon migration is mediated by the secreted unc-6, which promotes attraction of neurons and axons through binding to the unc-40 receptor, while repulsion requires both unc-5 and unc-40 receptors. Involved in the ventral-dorsal and anterior-posterior migration of distal tip cells along the body, which may be mediated by Wnt receptor mom-5, ced- 10/Rac, ced-12/ELMO and mig-2/RhoG. (947 aa) |
| | egl-8 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta egl-8; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades (By similarity). Required in the nervous system to modulate neuronal activity. Facilitates synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions by regulating the release of acetylcholine from the motor neurons and thus affecting locomotion. Plays a role in efficient egg laying and defecation. Involved in axon regeneration [...] (1512 aa) |
| | jnk-1 | Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa) |
| | rpm-1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rpm-1; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including dlk-1. Negatively regulates a p38 MA [...] (3766 aa) |
| | nrfl-1 | Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor-like protein nrfl-1; Scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins with members of the ezrin/moesin/radixin family and thereby helps to link them to the actin cytoskeleton and to regulate their surface expression (By similarity). Anchors the amino acid transporter protein aat-6 to the apical cell membrane of intestinal cells, particularly in older animals, in order to maintain amino acid homeostasis. May play a role in promoting fertility. (608 aa) |
| | cam-1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor cam-1; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor for Wnt ligands egl-20, mom- 2 and cwn-1. Involved in the final positioning of migrating ALM, CAN, BDU and HSN neurons during development. Involved in the anterior-posterior migration of QR neuroblast descendants, QR.p and QR.pa, by maintaining QR.p cell polarization, probably through mig-2. In addition, plays a role in ASI sensory neuron positioning and functions. Regulates asymmetric division of V cells (seam cells) and CA/CP neuroblast, and axon outgrowth. Probably by acting as a receptor for Wnt ligand cwn- 2, [...] (928 aa) |
| | tsp-17 | Tetraspanin-17; Protects dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress- induced neurodegeneration. May act partly via dopamine receptor dop-2 to negatively regulate dopamine reuptake transporter dat-1 activity. Also plays a role in modulating behaviors linked to dopamine signaling. Confers protection against oxidative stress in the whole body. (312 aa) |
| | tax-6 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase. Dephosphorylates arrd-17. Dephosphorylates daf-16 at 'Ser-319' which regulates daf-16 nuclear translocation. Dephosphorylates calcium permeable cation channel pkd-2 at 'Ser-534'. Regulates male mating behavior including response to hermaphrodite contact and vulva location and localization of pkd-2 to neuronal cilium. Negatively regulates several sensory behaviors including thermotaxis in ADF neurons, osmosensation in ASH neurons, olfaction adaptation in AWC neurons a [...] (545 aa) |
| | fbxl-1 | F-box/LRR-repeat protein fbxl-1; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating the entry into the dauer state. In hermaphrodites, may play a role in modulating the rate of defecation. (466 aa) |
| | dyf-3 | Clusterin-associated protein 1 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Required for sensory cilia biogenesis ; Belongs to the CLUAP1 family. (404 aa) |
| | msp-36 | Major sperm protein 10/36/56/76; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | hyls-1 | Hydrolethalus syndrome protein 1 homolog; Plays an important role ciliogenesis. Belongs to the HYLS1 family. (274 aa) |
| | mapk-15 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15; Atypical MAPK protein. Regulates primary cilium formation in sensory neurons and the localization of ciliary proteins involved in cilium structure, transport, and signaling. Acts in dopamine (DA) neurons to support synaptic membrane dat-1 availability via activation of rho-1 thereby sustaining normal levels of DA clearance. Plays a role in male mating behavior, probably in part through regulating the localization of the polycystin pkd-2. Functions postembryonically in the URX sensory neurons to constrain URX dendrite growth throughout lifetime, prob [...] (470 aa) |
| | pct-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 17; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, which, in association with cyy-1, regulates the trafficking of synaptic vesicles in the DA9 motor neuron and probably also in the DD motor neurons and in RIA interneurons. (667 aa) |
| | pak-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pak-1; Required for hypodermal cell fusion, together with cdc-42 and ced-10, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. Plays a redundant role with max-2 in dorsal axonal guidance in ventral cord commissural motoneurons and in P neuroblast migration. Acts probably downstream of Rho GTPases mig-2 and ced-10 to regulate these 2 processes. Involved in orientating axonal growth of HSN neurons. During gonad morphogenesis and probably in association with pix-1 and git-1, involved in the migration of distal tip ce [...] (572 aa) |
| | msp-55 | Major sperm protein 55/57; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | oig-1 | Immunoglobulin domain-containing protein oig-1; Plays a role in neural development, where it temporally regulates synapse formation in the D-type inhibitory GABAergic motor neurons, dorsal D (DD) and ventral D (VD) motor neurons. Controls the translocation of postsynaptic proteins, such as the acetylcholine receptor subunit acr- 12, and presynaptic proteins, such as snb-1, along nerve cords to prevent premature synapse remodeling/formation. (137 aa) |
| | mks-5 | Protein fantom; Thought to have an important role in cilia formation and cilia-mediated chemosensation. Involved in the docking of other MKS/MKSR proteins localized to the transition zone of the cilia. Belongs to the RPGRIP1 family. (1322 aa) |
| | erg-28 | Probable ergosterol biosynthetic protein 28 homolog; Promotes the translocation of slo-1 potassium ion channels from the endoplasmic reticulum to its final destination at the plasma membrane, probably by shielding from premature proteasomal degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum; Belongs to the ERG28 family. (162 aa) |
| | dsc-1 | Homeobox protein dsc-1; Transcriptional regulator which plays a role in the expulsion step of defecation by controlling enteric muscle-specific expression of exp-1 which is required for enteric muscle contraction. Not required for exp-1 expression in the PDA neuron. Also involved in controlling the length of the defecation cycle. (310 aa) |
| | ift-74 | IFT (Chlamydomonas IntraFlagellar Transport) homolog. (624 aa) |
| | ajm-1 | Apical junction molecule; Controls adherens junction integrity. Required for the correct rate and completion of elongation of the embryos. (1905 aa) |
| | ddr-1 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor A; Receptor which, together with svh-4, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. May play a role in axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (766 aa) |
| | ift-43 | Intraflagellar transport protein 43 homolog; As a component of IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is involved in ciliogenesis (Probable). In particular, may act redundantly with the intraflagellar transport protein ift-139 to regulate the transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. (200 aa) |
| | srb-5 | Serpentine receptor class beta-5; G-protein coupled receptor (Probable). Plays a role in the navigational capacity of sperm and promotes the targeting of sperm derived from males to the fertilization site in the uterus of hermaphrodites. (345 aa) |
| | srb-3 | Serpentine receptor class beta-3; G-protein coupled receptor. (341 aa) |
| | dyf-13 | Intraflagellar transport protein 56 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. (574 aa) |
| | pxl-1 | Paxillin homolog 1; Required for myofilament organization of the pharyngeal sarcomeres and for pharyngeal muscle contractions and hence for pharyngeal pumping. Together with lin-8, might be required for myofilament organization in the body wall muscles ; Belongs to the paxillin family. (413 aa) |
| | daf-37 | G-protein coupled receptor daf-37; G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that forms a heterodimer with daf-38 to control dauer formation and behavior. Receptor for the ascaroside pheromone ascr#2. Required for the response to dauer inducing pheromones, specifically the ascaroside ascr#2. May serve neuronal specific roles in response to ascr#2 with expression in ASI neurons controlling dauer formation in larvae, and expression in ASK neurons playing a role in longevity and hermaphrodite repulsion. May function upstream of the daf-11, daf-7 and daf-2 signaling pathways. (482 aa) |
| | lgg-1 | Protein lgg-1; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in the formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). When lipidated mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane fusion during autophagy. Recruits lipidated-lgg-2 to maturing autophagosomes. Acts in the aggrephagy pathway, which is the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, and preferentially interacts with autophagy proteins and substrates containing LIR motifs to mediate autophagosome formation and protein aggregate degradation. In particular, binds to components of the unc-51- [...] (123 aa) |
| | shn-1 | Protein shank; Scaffold protein that most likely acts in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses which orchestrates synapse formation and maintenance at neuromuscular junctions. Associates with and trafficks the L-type calcium channel egl-19 to the cell surface of body wall muscles to ensure the function of the calcium channel and therefore maintain the Ca(2+) current density. The maintenance of Ca(2+) also allows for the downstream regulation of Ca(2+)-induced expression of genes such as gem-4. Plays a role in the regulation of the defecation cycle, and this may be in as [...] (1140 aa) |
| | rig-6 | Contactin rig-6; Probable cell adhesion protein involved in patterning of the nervous system, playing a role in ALM and PLM touch receptor axon growth and VNC axon navigation. By associating with the transmembrane protein sax-7, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the AVG interneuron and the two PHC sensory neurons. Also required for non-neuronal cell migration in the excretory canal, regulating excretory canal elongation and excretory cell morphogenesis. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1196 aa) |
| | msp-40 | Major sperm protein 19/31/40/45/50/51/53/59/61/65/81/113/142; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | sphk-1 | Sphingosine kinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on sphinganine (By similarity). Required for neurotransmitter release from neuromuscular junctions. Acts by recruiting the synaptic vesicle priming protein unc-13 to synapses (Probable). (473 aa) |
| | odr-3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-17 subunit; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. This specific G-alpha subunit plays an important role in olfaction and in cilia morphogenesis. Involved in chemotactic responses to attractants diacetyl, pyrazine, 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole, benzaldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, butanone and 2,3-pentanedione. Displays a redundant function with gpa-3 in chemotactic responses. Involved in avoidance responses to copper, sodium dodecyl sulfate and linoleic acid. I [...] (356 aa) |
| | maph-9 | Protein maph-9. (512 aa) |
| | atp-2 | ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the c [...] (538 aa) |
| | sumv-1 | Protein sumv-1; Nuclear factor that influences the activity of genes involved in vulval development. (1024 aa) |
| | msp-49 | Major sperm protein 49; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | stam-1 | Signal transducing adapter molecule 1; Binds, sorts and targets the polycystin complex (lov-1 and pkd-2) for lysosomal degradation, acting on early endosomes located at the ciliary base. Functions in the germline together with the ephrin receptor (vab-1) signaling pathway to negatively regulate MAPK activation. May have a role as a positive regulator of meiotic maturation in oocytes, acting independently of vab-1. (457 aa) |
| | ttx-3 | LIM/homeobox protein ttx-3; Required for specification of the AIA and AIY interneurons and the NSM neurons. Positively regulates the expression of a number of genes including ceh-23, kal-1, hen-1, ser-2, unc-17 and sra-11 in AIY interneurons and cat-4, flp-4, bas-1, ptps-1 and mgl-1 in NSM neurons. Also acts in an autoregulatory feedback loop to maintain its own expression. Plays a role in the thermotactic response, olfactory imprinting, regulation of longevity, control of dauer formation and axon outgrowth and pathfinding. Not required for normal chemosensory behavior. (409 aa) |
| | dyf-7 | Protein dyf-7; Required for permeability of amphid and phasmid neurons to external dyes, chemotaxis to ammonium chloride, avoidance of high osmotic stimuli, male mating and dauer formation. Along with dex-1, enables neurite growth and maintenance by anchoring amphid dendritic tips during neuron cell body migration in embryonic and larval development. (446 aa) |
| | bicd-1 | Protein bicaudal D homolog; Part of a complex with dlc-1 and egal-1, which is recruited to the nuclear envelope by unc-83, where in turn, it recruits dynein to the nuclear surface and regulates nuclear migration in hypodermal precursor cells (Probable). Required for the formation of dendritic branches of PVD sensory neurons ; Belongs to the BicD family. (737 aa) |
| | gcy-8 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-8; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Regulates thermotaxis responses in AFD sensory neurons. May regulate AFD neuronal activity such as calcium responses to temperature gradients. Maintains the microvilli receptive ending morphology of the AFD thermosensory neurons by regulating cGMP levels downstream of kcc-3. cGMP levels antagonize the actin cytoskeleton regulator wsp-1. (1152 aa) |
| | egl-3 | Neuroendocrine convertase 2; Serine endoprotease which cleaves preproteins at paired basic amino acids. Processes FMRFamide-like (flp) and neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) neuropeptides. Probably by processing flp-1 and flp-18, modulates the neuronal excitation-inhibition balance and thus the level of activity of the locomotor circuit. Regulates sensitivity to mechanosensory stimuli. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Probably by processing flp neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. [...] (652 aa) |
| | unc-104 | Kinesin-like protein unc-104; Motor protein involved in microtubule-associated anterograde transport. Regulates the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors in the axon of DA motor neurons. Regulates the polarized sorting of axonal proteins. Essential for the transport of synaptic components during the synaptic remodeling of the DD motor neuron, probably downstream of cdk-5 and/or pct-1/cyy-1 complex. Required for the anterograde transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles along axons. Involved in necrotic cell death. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase super [...] (1628 aa) |
| | rig-3 | Neuronal immunoglobulin domain-containing protein rig-3; Cell surface protein which plays a role in the plasticity of cholinergic synapses at neuromuscular junctions and in the polarity of the mechanosensory neuron ALM, possibly by antagonizing Wnt signaling. (487 aa) |
| | odr-10 | Serpentine receptor class r-10; An odorant receptor which affects chemotaxis to the volatile odorant diacetyl. Specifies AWA neuronal cell fate via the odr-7 pathway; Belongs to the nematode receptor-like protein str family. (339 aa) |
| | C54C6.6 | Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 20; Cilium- and flagellum-specific protein that plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility; Belongs to the CFAP20 family. (203 aa) |
| | dex-1 | Dendrite extension defective protein 1; Along with dyf-7, enables neurite growth and maintenance by anchoring amphid dendritic tips during neuron cell body migration in embryonic and larval development. (1137 aa) |
| | atg-13 | Autophagy-related protein 13 homolog; Component of the unc-51/atg-13 complex required for autophagosome formation. Required for the degradation of germ cell specific P-granule components such as sepa-1 by autophagy in somatic cells. This ensures exclusive localization of the P-granules in germ cells. May function downstream of the let-363 (Tor) signaling pathway to mediate sepa-1 degradation. Plays a role in survival during limited food availability ; Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily. (443 aa) |
| | egl-21 | Carboxypeptidase E; During FMRFamide-like peptide (FaRPs or FLP) and neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) precursor processing, catalyzes the removal of Arg or Lys residues from the C-terminus following the initial endoprotease cleavage. By processing neuropeptides, modulates basal acetylcholine release at the ventral cord neuromuscular junctions. Involved in egg-laying, defecation and locomotion. By processing FLP neuropeptides, regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. Involved in reducing pharyngeal pumping in response to high CO(2) levels. (472 aa) |
| | gcy-12 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-12; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Acts upstream of cGMP-dependent protein kinase egl-4, most likely by providing cGMP to the kinase in chemosensory neurons to regulate body size. (1679 aa) |
| | tub-1 | Tubby protein homolog 1; Has a role in fat regulation independent of daf-16. Implicated in ciliar sensory function which is required for normal sensory behavior such as chemotaxis. Functions in life span control via the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. Thought to be involved in neuronal trafficking. (426 aa) |
| | rae-1 | mRNA export factor rae-1; Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors (By similarity). It is specifically important for nuclear mRNA export. Has a role in neuronal development, where it acts downstream of rpm-1 to control axon termination and synapse formation in anterior lateral microtubule (ALM) and posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) mechanosensory neurons. Belo [...] (373 aa) |
| | nubp-1 | Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NUBP1 homolog; Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The NUBP1-NUBP2 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins (By similarity). Regulates cilium formation and structure ; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily. (313 aa) |
| | kpc-1 | Furin-like protease kpc-1; Furin-like protease which cleaves proproteins at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. During neuronal development, regulates the formation and extension of dendrite branches and cellular positioning of various type of neurons. Promotes the formation, extension and self-avoidance of dendritic branches of PVD and FLP mechanosensory neurons. In PVD neurons, regulates plasma membrane levels of branching receptor dma-1 by targeting it to late endosomes and thus promotes normal dendrite branching and dendrite self-avoidance. Also controls dendrite extension in AIY and D-t [...] (692 aa) |
| | ddr-2 | Discoidin domain-containing receptor tyrosine kinase B; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which, together with ddr-1, is involved in axon guidance to establish the tracts for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords during nervous system development. Acts upstream of the adapter shc-1, and the tyrosine kinase receptors svh-1 and svh-2 to regulate axon regeneration following injury in D-type motor neurons. May mediate axon regeneration in association with the collagen emb-9. (797 aa) |
| | yap-1 | Yes-associated protein homolog 1; Plays a role in thermal stress response and in aging. (442 aa) |
| | che-3 | Cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1; Functions as a motor for intraflagellar retrograde transport in chemosensory neurons. Functions in cilia biogenesis. Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family. (4171 aa) |
| | bbs-2 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein homolog; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for proper BBSome complex assembly and its ciliary localization. Required for cilia biogenesis and both the assembly and movement of intraflagellar transport proteins along the ciliary axoneme. (714 aa) |
| | egl-9 | Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase; Cellular oxygen sensor which regulates the stability and the activity of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, hif-1. In normoxic conditions, hydroxylates hif-1 targeting it for vhl-1-mediated proteasomal degradation. In addition, regulates hif-1 transcriptional activity in a vhl-1-independent manner and independently of its hydroxylase activity. By regulating hif-1 activity, controls several cellular responses. Mediates susceptibility to B.thuringiensis and V.cholerae pore-forming toxins and enteropathogenic E.coli. Mediates susceptibilit [...] (723 aa) |
| | daf-10 | Intraflagellar transport protein 122 homolog; Component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs). Plays a role in chemotaxis and sensory perception. Required for entry into and exit from the dauer larval stage and this may be mediated by daf-12, daf-16 and daf-41. Controls the behavioral response, namely the avoidance response, and pathogen-responsive gene expression in the response to pathogenic bacteria such as E.coli and P. aeruginosa. (1192 aa) |
| | pef-1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands pef-1; Probably acts as a protein phosphatase. (707 aa) |
| | msp-3 | Major sperm protein 3; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | uev-3 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 3; Possible negative regulator of polyubiquitination (By similarity). May modulate the activity of the p38 MAP kinase pnk-3. May have a role in axon termination and synaptic transmission at motor and mechanosensory neurons. Plays a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia and cilium length regulation ; Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. (368 aa) |
| | egl-10 | Regulator of G-protein signaling egl-10; Involved in egg-laying and locomotion. May regulate G protein goa-1 signaling. (639 aa) |
| | selt-1.2 | Thioredoxin reductase-like selenoprotein T homolog selt-1.2; Probably has thioredoxin reductase-like oxidoreductase activity; Belongs to the SelWTH family. SELT subfamily. (216 aa) |
| | ccdc-149 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 149; Belongs to the CCDC149 family. (369 aa) |
| | maph-1.1 | Microtubule-associated protein homolog maph-1.1; Belongs to the MAP1A/MAP1B/MAP1S family. (878 aa) |
| | msp-77 | Major sperm protein 77/79; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | ptrn-1 | Patronin (microtubule-binding protein) homolog; Required for microtubule stability and anchorage by binding to the minus ends of microtubules. Acts redundantly with noca-1 to control circumferential microtubule assembly along the body which is necessary for larval development, viability, morphology and integrity of the epidermis. Promotes microtubule stability and polymerization in neurons. Involved in the maintenance of neurite morphology in ALM and PLM neurons. May play a role in synaptic protein localization in the PLM neuron. May act upstream of dlk-1 in neuronal regeneration. Play [...] (1112 aa) |
| | jkk-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase jkk-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the JNK signal transduction pathway. May phosphorylate jnk-1. Plays a role in coordinating locomotion via D-type GABAergic motoneurons and in regulating synaptic vesicle transport downstream of adapter protein unc-16 and probably by activating jnk-1. Positively regulates lifespan. Upon environmental stress such as heat stress regulates daf-16 nuclear translocation probably by activating jnk-1. Regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to heavy meta [...] (435 aa) |
| | che-10 | Rootletin; Major structural component of the ciliary rootlet, a cytoskeletal-like structure in ciliated cells which originates from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium and extends proximally toward the cell nucleus. Required for cilia integrity and function in sensory neurons. Maintains cilia integrity, partly by modulating the assembly and transport of intraflagellar proteins along the ciliary axoneme. Required for normal mating behavior and normal responses to environmental and chemical stimuli. (1955 aa) |
| | let-92 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit; Protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in early embryonic cell division. Probably together with constant regulatory subunit paa-1 and regulatory subunit sur-6, positively regulates centriole duplication by preventing the degradation of sas-5 and kinase zyg-1. In addition, plays a role in the recruitment of sas- 6 and maybe sas-5 to centrioles and may dephosphorylate sas-5 and zyg-1 negative regulator szy-20. During vulva development, may play a role with regulatory subunits paa-1 and sur-6 in the induction of vulva c [...] (318 aa) |
| | piki-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase piki-1; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase involved in clearance of apoptotic cell corpses by phagosomes. Phagosome maturation requires two sequential and non-overlapping pulses of phosphatidylinositol-3- phosphate (PI3P) on the vesicle surface which mediates recruitment of sortins snx-1 and lst-4 and small GTPases rab-5, rab-2 and rab-7. The first pulse is initiated by piki-1, then maintained by vps-34 which also produces the second pulse. Unlike vps-34, not involved in the formation of PI3P in early endosomes; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (1607 aa) |
| | uev-1 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1; Involved in protein ubiquitination, but has no ubiquitin ligase activity on its own. The uev-1-ubc-13 heterodimer catalyzes the synthesis of non-canonical poly-ubiquitin chains that are linked through Lys-63. Involved in sorting Lys-63-linked polyubiquitinated maternal membrane proteins for degradation by targeting to multivesicular bodies. Required for glr-1-containing glutamate receptor trafficking in neurons. May have a role in synaptic transmission at motorneurons. May be involved in the ubiquitination and growth of intracellular polygluta [...] (139 aa) |
| | zyx-1 | Zyxin; Functions as both a mechanical stabilizer (via LIM domains) of focal adhesions and as a sensor component for muscle cell damage (via N-terminus). Regulates, stabilizes and maintains posterior lateral mechanosensory (PLM) synaptic branch extension and new synapse formation and growth during larval development. (647 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | mig-13 | Abnormal cell migration protein 13; Probable receptor that acts as an upstream signaling protein to promote the guidance, migration and positioning of the right Q neuroblast (QR) and its descendants along the anteroposterior body axis, and also the anterior migration of BDU interneurons during larval development. Associates with and recruits the downstream components tyrosine kinase abl-1 and the tyrosine kinase adapter protein sem-5 to the leading edge of migrating Q neuroblasts and their descendants to activate signaling through the two parallel wve-1 and wsp-1 pathways, respectively [...] (362 aa) |
| | cla-1 | Protein clarinet; Required for synapse development in the active zone of presynaptic terminals of specific neurons including serotonergic NSM neurons. The active zone is a protein-dense neuronal region within the presynaptic bouton, from which synaptic vesicles send neurotransmitter signals across the synapse. Plays a role in the recruitment and clustering of synaptic vesicles in the active zone of presynaptic terminals in serotonergic NSM neurons, and coordinates the release of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals to regulate neurotransmission at neuromuscular junctions. Regulat [...] (8922 aa) |
| | dyf-6 | Intraflagellar transport protein 46 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Required for normal morphology and function of ciliated amphid sensory neurons. (471 aa) |
| | gar-2 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gar-2; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover (By similarity). Regulates the activity of ventral cord motor neurons. Couples to the G(o) alpha G-protein subunit goa-1 to negatively regulate cholinergic receptor activity in the presence of high levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in ventral cord motor neurons. As acetylcholin [...] (667 aa) |
| | jbts-14 | Transmembrane protein 237 homolog; Component of the transition zone in primary cilia. Required for ciliogenesis; Belongs to the TMEM237 family. (399 aa) |
| | madd-4 | Protein madd-4; Component of an extracellular matrix cue that is involved in the guidance of dorsoventral midline migrations and in the specification of postsynaptic domains at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Acts as a ligand for the netrin receptor unc-40 and the neuroligin receptor nlg-1. Secreted by the dorsal and ventral nerve cords to attract sensory axons and muscle membrane extensions called muscle arms. In parallel with unc-6 and slt-1, involved in the netrin receptor unc-40 dependent guidance of the AVM and PVM mechanosensory axons along the dorsal-ventral axis. The unc-40 cor [...] (1045 aa) |
| | arr-1 | Beta-arrestin arr-1; Adapter protein required for olfactory adaptation and recovery to volatile odorants, probably by desensitization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). May play a role in clathrin-mediated GPCR endocytosis. Acts as positive regulator of insulin-like daf-2 signaling pathway probably by forming a complex with mpz-1 and phosphatase daf-18 likely resulting in daf-18 inhibition. Involved in egg-laying. (435 aa) |
| | dyf-1 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 30 homolog; Plays a role in anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), the process by which cilia precursors are transported from the base of the cilium to the site of their incorporation at the tip. Specifically required for the kinesin osm-3 to dock onto and move the IFT particles which contain these precursors. Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motili [...] (656 aa) |
| | ina-1 | Integrin alpha ina-1; Plays a role in cell migration, axon fasciculation, and morphogenesis. During gonad morphogenesis, involved in distal tip cells (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation, in maintaining their sharp tapering morphology and in their migration. Involved in the anterior-posterior positioning of QR neuroblast descendants by regulating the migratory speed of QR.p. Probably by acting as a receptor for apoptotic cells, plays a role in the clearance of apoptotic cells during mid-embryogenesis. Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. (1139 aa) |
| | sel-10 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein sel-10; Probable substrate recognition component of SCF (SKP1-CUL-F- box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulates synapse elimination in early development in the motor neuron HSNL. Cell autonomous negative regulator of lin-12/Notch-mediated signaling, with respect to lin-12 activity in cell fate decisions and tumorigenesis. May target the intracellular domains of lin-12/Notch proteins for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Involved in sex determin [...] (587 aa) |
| | ccpp-1 | Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1; Catalyzes the deglutamylation of polyglutamate side chains generated by post-translational polyglutamylation of proteins such as tubulins (Probable). Via the deglutamylation of tubulin, regulates the localization and velocity of kinesin motors and the structural integrity of microtubules in sensory cilia. In male CEM sensory neurons, regulates the cilia release of bioactive extracellular vesicles. Also regulates microtubule dynamics in uterine muscle cells. (1015 aa) |
| | bbs-4 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein homolog; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for proper BBSome complex assembly and its ciliary localization (By similarity). May be required for microtubule anchoring at the centrosome but not for microtubule nucleation (By similarity). May be required for the dynein- m [...] (462 aa) |
| | srb-12 | Serpentine receptor class beta-12; G-protein coupled receptor (Probable). Plays a role in the navigational capacity of sperm and promotes the targeting of sperm derived from males to the fertilization site in the uterus of hermaphrodites. (350 aa) |
| | srb-13 | Serpentine receptor class beta-13; G-protein coupled receptor that antagonizes the negative effects of the gcy-35 oxygen sensor on spermatogenesis. This leads to the maintenance of mitochondrial function in developing spermatocytes and/or spermatids prior to testis maturation during the early larval stages. Regulates the navigational capacity of sperm during hyperoxic conditions ensuring the proper targeting of sperm derived from males to the fertilization site in the uterus of hermaphrodites. May act in the same signaling pathway as the neuropeptide flp-21. (345 aa) |
| | srb-16 | Serpentine receptor class beta-16; G-protein coupled receptor (Probable). Plays a role in the navigational capacity of sperm and promotes the targeting of sperm derived from males to the fertilization site in the uterus of hermaphrodites ; Belongs to the nematode receptor-like protein srb family. (342 aa) |
| | nsy-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase nsy-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating sek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the p38 pathway also composed of the downstream effectors sek-1 and pmk-1. Downstream of CaMKII unc-43 and adapter protein tir-1, plays a role in determining asymmetric cell fates in olfactory AWC neurons during neuronal development. Activation results in the repression of odorant receptor str-2 expression in one of the 2 AWC neurons. Involved in resistance to pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteri [...] (1498 aa) |
| | che-13 | Intraflagellar transport protein che-13; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Required for the formation of chemosensory cilia that detect chemosensory cues ; Belongs to the IFT57 family. (412 aa) |
| | ttll-11 | Tubulin polyglutamylase ttll-11; Polyglutamylase which preferentially modifies tubulin. Involved in the side-chain initiation step of the polyglutamylation reaction. By controlling tubulin glutamylation, regulates ciliary specialization and motor-based transport. Promotes the formation of A and B tubule singlets by splaying microtubule doublets in cilia. Together with ttll-4 and 5, required for male mating. [Isoform b]: Specifically promotes tubulin glutamylation in male ciliated CEM, HOB and RnB neurons that release bioactive extracellular vesicles. Regulates the localization of TRP c [...] (707 aa) |
| | tdc-1 | Tyrosine decarboxylase; Required for the decarboxylation of tyrosine to tyramine, a precursor of octopamine but probably also itself a neurotransmitter. Involved in the regulation of egg laying, which is inhibited by tyramine. Also involved in controlling locomotion and head movements. Due to its involvement in octopamine biosynthesis, also required for crtc-1-dependent regulation of AMPK-mediated longevity which requires octopamine signaling ; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (705 aa) |
| | syg-1 | Synaptogenesis protein syg-1; Cell adhesion protein. Involved in synapse formation in the HSNL egg-laying motor neuron. Inhibits assembly of the SCF(sel-10) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex at synapses, and protects them from elimination. Also required for F- actin assembly at the synaptic region and for axon branch formation. (730 aa) |
| | K04F10.2 | Protein KIAA0556 homolog; May regulate ciliary A-tubule number and, along with arl-13, controls cilium integrity. (568 aa) |
| | msp-63 | Major sperm protein 63; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | vem-1 | Protein vem-1; Transmembrane protein required for the axon guidance of a subset of ventral nerve cord-associated interneurons and motor neurons. May function with the netrin receptor unc-40 in axon guidance. (183 aa) |
| | msp-38 | Major sperm protein 38; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | unc-101 | AP-1 complex subunit mu-1-I; Component of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles (Probable). Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration (Probable). Required for many aspects of development and behavior, including negative regulation of vulval differentiation. Required for the dendritic localization of potassium channel kvs-4 in the cholinergic motor neuron DA9. (422 aa) |
| | unc-43 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II; Acts in the signaling of a variety of pathways and processes. Phosphorylates 'Ser-319' of daf-16 in response to stress signals, such as heat, starvation and oxidation, which plays a role in prolonging lifespan. Required for viability under chronic osmotic stress in which it acts downstream of osr-1. Has roles in locomotion, oocyte maturation, brood size, egg laying, defecation, meiotic maturation and neuronal cell fate specification. Required for the regulation of synaptic density and neuromuscular junction morphology. Regulates the [...] (681 aa) |
| | tns-1 | Tensin homolog; Probable phosphatase which regulates axon regeneration after injury by linking the svh-2 and integrin signaling pathways. (1354 aa) |
| | osm-3 | Osmotic avoidance abnormal protein 3; Kinesin motor protein which is required for the anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) along the middle segment of the sensory neuron cilia together with the kinesin II motor complex (composed of klp-11, klp-20 and kap-1) and on its own, is required for IFT along the distal segment. In addition, regulates the length of cilia. May have a role during neurogenesis and axonal transport. (699 aa) |
| | dyf-5 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase dyf-5; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for ciliogenesis. Regulates the length and the morphology of sensory neuron cilia. In addition, plays a role in the anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) in the cilia by regulating the undocking of kinesin-II motor complex (composed of klp-11, klp-20 and kap-1) before reaching the distal segment and the docking of kinesin motor osm-3 onto IFT cargos; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RCK subfamily. (489 aa) |
| | odr-1 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-10; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). Regulates chemotaxis responses toward volatile odorants in AWC sensory neurons and their avoidance in AWB sensory neurons. May be involved in sensitivity to quinine by regulating egl-4 activity through the production of cGMP. Involved in phototransduction in ASJ neurons downstream of G protein coupled-photoreceptor lite-1. Required to maintain the expression of putative olfactory receptor str-2 in AWC neurons in adults. In AWB and AWC sensory neurons, media [...] (1067 aa) |
| | bbs-5 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 protein homolog; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for BBSome complex ciliary localization but not for the proper complex assembly (By similarity). Required, redundantly with bbs-4, for cilia biogenesis and both the assembly and movement of intraflagellar transport proteins al [...] (361 aa) |
| | irk-1 | Inward rectifier potassium channel irk-1; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Required for modulation of the activity of the hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs) by the G-protein coupled neuropeptide receptor egl-6 which in turn controls egg-laying behavior. (544 aa) |
| | msp-32 | Major sperm protein 32; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (119 aa) |
| | msp-33 | Major sperm protein 33; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | gcy-28 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-28; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Regulates olfactory perception in AWC sensory neurons although may not be involved in the primary sensory transduction steps. [Isoform d]: Regulates sensory integration of conflicting sensory cues in AIA interneurons. (1276 aa) |
| | mec-4 | Degenerin mec-4; Probable sodium channel subunit. May be needed for mechanosensory transduction (touch sensitivity). Negatively regulates the turning step of male mating behavior. (768 aa) |
| | kin-10 | Casein kinase II subunit beta; Participates in Wnt signaling. Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit (By similarity). Modulates two aspects of male mating behavior; response to hermaphrodite contact and vulval location, acting in the same pathway as lov-1 and pkd-2; Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family. (235 aa) |
| | gsp-4 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-delta; Probable phosphatase which plays a redundant role with gsp-4 in spermatogenesis by regulating sister chromatid segregation during meiosis. In addition, involved in sperm motility by controlling the dynamic disassembly of major sperm proteins (MSP) in the spermatozoan pseudopodium. (305 aa) |
| | gcy-35 | Soluble guanylate cyclase gcy-35; Plays a central role in social feeding behavior and oxygen sensation by synthesizing 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from GTP. Oxygen, which binds to its heme-binding sites, probably regulates social behavior by modulating its activity. cGMP is a common second messenger in sensory transduction and is implicated in oxygen sensation. Indeed, C.elegans exhibits a strong behavioral preference for 5-12% oxygen, avoiding higher and lower oxygen levels; a higher level of oxygen inducing a naturally polymorphic social feeding behavior. Involved in [...] (688 aa) |
| | daf-18 | Abnormal dauer formation protein 18; Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins (By similarity). Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. By dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 antagonizes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production by age-1/PI3K and thus, negatively regulates daf-2-mediated processes including dauer formation, longevity, fat metabolism, chemotaxis towards salt, thermotolerance and axon guidance. Similarly, [...] (962 aa) |
| | cni-1 | Protein cornichon homolog 1; Negatively regulates export of glr-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum to synapses. (145 aa) |
| | srx-43 | Serpentine receptor class X-43; Receptor for the ascaroside pheromone icas#9 which suppresses exploratory forgaging behavior. In response to ascaroside icas#9, may furthermore play a role in the expression of genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, such as daf-7, and in insulin signaling pathway, such as daf-28, which may in turn contribute to exploratory behavior. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (319 aa) |
| | gars-1 | Glycine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of glycine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (Gly-AMP). Also produces diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs. Thereby, may play a special role in Ap4A homeostasis. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (742 aa) |
| | msp-78 | Major sperm protein 78; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | aex-2 | G-protein coupled receptor aex-2; G-protein coupled receptor for the nlp-40 neuropeptide. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. Plays a role in the defecation motor program, which is a coordinated series of three muscle contractions that occurs every 45 seconds. Specifically, acts in GABAergic neurons, such as AVL and DVB, to control the expulsion step of defecation. Required for fatty acid uptake and metabolism by intestinal cells and therefore regulates the levels of triglycerides in the intestine. (321 aa) |
| | bec-1 | Beclin homolog; Regulates autophagy. Together with phosphatidyl-3-phosphate kinase vps-34, acts as a core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns3P), thereby regulating membrane trafficking. In association with sorf-1 and sorf-2, negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate in early endosomes to allow for the conversion to late endosomes. Involved in the clearance of engulfed apoptotic cell corpses. Together with ced-9, negatively regulates somatic and germline apoptosis. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde tra [...] (375 aa) |
| | pat-6 | Paralyzed arrest at two-fold protein 6; Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization. Component of an integrin containing attachment complex, which is required for muscle development and maintenance. During embryonic development, required to recruit cpna-1, unc-89 and myofilaments to newly forming integrin attachments composed of integrins pat-2/pat-3, pat-4 and unc-112. Also required to reposition the integrin-based attachments so that they form the highly ordered array of dense body and M-line attachments that are characteristic of mature muscle cells. Du [...] (375 aa) |
| | cdka-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1; Activator of the kinase cdk-5 (By similarity). In several motor neurons, promotes the polarized trafficking of synaptic vesicles and dense-core vesicles. In the ventral nerve cord, regulates the synaptic localization of the glutamate receptor, glr-1. In DA motor neurons, regulates axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors by inhibiting dynein-mediated retrograde transport. Regulates the polarized distribution of dense-core vesicles in DB motor neurons. May regulate these processes in association with cdk-5. May also play a role in GABAergic [...] (366 aa) |
| | bbs-8 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 8; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for proper BBSome complex assembly and its ciliary localization. Required for cilia biogenesis and both the assembly and movement of intraflagellar transport proteins along the ciliary axoneme. Plays a role in guanylyl cyclase loca [...] (506 aa) |
| | gcy-23 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-23; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). Regulates thermotaxis responses in AFD sensory neurons. May regulate AFD neuronal activity such as calcium responses to temperature gradients. (1073 aa) |
| | osm-1 | Intraflagellar transport protein osm-1; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Required for the maintenance and formation of chemosensory cilia that detect chemosensory cues. (1737 aa) |
| | cdk-5 | Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase which, in several motor neurons, promotes the polarized trafficking of synaptic vesicles and dense-core vesicles (DCV). In the ventral nerve cord, phosphorylates lin-10 and thereby prevents lin-10-mediated anterograde trafficking of the glutamate receptor glr-1. Involved in the inhibition of glr-1 trafficking in hypoxic conditions. In DA motor neurons but not in DB motor neurons, regulates axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors by inhibiting dynein-mediated retrograde transport. Regulates the traf [...] (292 aa) |
| | acc-4 | Acetylcholine-gated ion channel acc-4; Probable acetylcholine-gated chloride channel subunit. Does not have ion channel activity alone as a homopentamer, but forms a functional heteropentameric ion channel with acc-1. May function with lgc-46 to regulate synaptic transmission and synaptic vesicle release in response to acetylcholine in cholinergic motor neurons. (408 aa) |
| | ifta-2 | Intraflagellar transport associated protein 2; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. May be required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Regulates specific signaling activities in the cilia, such as the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. (252 aa) |
| | rpi-1 | Protein rpi-1. (450 aa) |
| | elt-1 | Transcription factor elt-1; Transcriptional activator that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-[AT]GATA[AG]-3' and variations thereof. During embryonic development, required for specification of cell fate of major hypodermal (epidermal) cells at the blastomere stage. The requirement is true for all four lineages derived from ABarp, ABpra and C blastomeres. Required for seam cell maintenance in late embryogenesis, for proper formation of dauer larvae and locomotion. Regulates expression of bro-1, a regulator of seam cell proliferation, via a GATA-like binding motif. Probably represses ex [...] (488 aa) |
| | gsp-3 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma; Probable phosphatase which plays a redundant role with gsp-4 in spermatogenesis by regulating sister chromatid segregation during meiosis. In addition, involved in sperm motility by controlling the dynamic disassembly of major sperm proteins (MSP) in the spermatozoan pseudopodium. (305 aa) |
| | odr-4 | Odorant response abnormal protein 4; Required, with oct-8, for the localization of a subset of 7 transmembrane domain odorant receptors, including odr-10, to the cilia of olfactory neurons AWA and AWC. Regulates chemotaxis responses to benzaldehyde, diacetyl and 2,4,5- trimethylthiazole in AWA and AWC neurons. Plays a role in nociceptive neurons to mediate avoidance of high oxygen. (475 aa) |
| | bbs-1 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein homolog; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for proper BBSome complex assembly and its ciliary localization. Required for cilia biogenesis and both the assembly and movement of intraflagellar transport proteins along the ciliary axoneme. (576 aa) |
| | cfap-36 | Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 36. (685 aa) |
| | ift-20 | Intraflagellar transport protein 20 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. Required for ciliary entrance and transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. (129 aa) |
| | mtm-1 | Myotubularin-related protein 1; Dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Negatively regulates accumulation of PI3P on intracellular vesicles. Negatively regulates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells probably by limiting the recruitment and/or the activation of ced-5, ced-2 and ced-12 complex. In addition, may positively regulate phagosome maturation by promoting recycling of apoptotic receptor ced-1 back to the plasma membrane. Essential for embryonic and larval development. May promote migration of distal tip cells ; B [...] (588 aa) |
| | rab-28 | Ras-related protein Rab-28; GTPase. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) cargo that undergoes bidirectional IFT along the ciliary axoneme when in active GTP-bound state in amphid and phasmid ciliated sensory neurons. Targeting and function as IFT cargo may depend on the BBSome, an IFT cargo adapter. Does not undergo IFT when in inactive GDP-bound state. May in turn play a role in cilium structure and/or function in ciliated sensory neurons. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (248 aa) |
| | flp-14 | FMRFamide-like neuropeptides 14; FMRFamides and FMRFamide-like peptides are neuropeptides. KHEYLRF-amide has an excitatory effect on dissected pharyngeal myogenic muscle system. Functions in RID peptidergic neurons to promote forward locomotory behavior. (143 aa) |
| | unc-33 | Protein unc-33; During neurogenesis, plays an essential role in axonal guidance and outgrowth by regulating the polarization of both microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. Establishes the asymmetry of axonal and dendrite microtubules and the polarized sorting of neuronal proteins. This is achieved in part by regulating the localization of kinesin-like protein unc-104. In neurons without a distal microtubule- organizing center (MTOC), also controls the organization of microtubules in dendrites. During the dorso-ventral axonal guidance and outgrowth of VD neurons, required downstream of Ra [...] (854 aa) |
| | arl-13 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B; Cilium-specific protein required to control the microtubule- based, ciliary axoneme structure. Required for normal sensory cilium function. May act by maintaining the association between IFT subcomplexes A and B; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family. (370 aa) |
| | max-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase max-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, which phosphorylates mlk-1. Involved in the stress response to heavy metals by activating the mlk- 1/mek-1/kgb-1 pathway. In ventral cord commissural motoneurons, required for dorsal axon guidance downstream of unc- 6/netrin repulsion receptor unc-5 and probably of Rho GTPases ced-10 and mig-2. Plays a redundant role with mig-10 in orientating axonal growth of HSN neurons. Plays a redundant role with pak-1 in P neuroblast migration and in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation probably downstre [...] (649 aa) |
| | famh-161 | Protein fam-161. (814 aa) |
| | sup-1 | Protein SUP-1; May be involved in trafficking or stabilization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter unc-17. (103 aa) |
| | cdkl-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1; Modulates cilium assembly. (484 aa) |
| | rsks-1 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which regulates mRNA translation. Negatively regulates lifespan and resistance to starvation, oxidative stress, protein aggregation and P.aeruginosa-mediated infection. May regulate these processes by preventing the activation of transcription factor hif-1. Required, probably downstream of let-363/TOR, for the establishment of the proper number of germline progenitors by promoting cell cycle progression and preventing differentiation during larval development. Regulates germ cell size. In addition required for sperm prod [...] (550 aa) |
| | plr-1 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase plr-1; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination, endocytosis and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components Frizzled (By similarity). Acts on both canonical and non- canonical Wnt signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in the migration and axon guidance of different neuronal cell types including CAN, HSN, AVK and AVG. Promotes the differentiation and regulates the anteroposterior polarity of AVG unpaired interneurons by sequestering the [...] (487 aa) |
| | kvs-4 | Probable voltage-gated potassium channel subunit kvs-4; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. (512 aa) |
| | daf-25 | Dauer abnormal formation protein 25; May be involved in the trafficking and dendritic transport of signaling proteins, such as the receptor-type guanylate cyclases gcy-12 and daf-11, to the cilia. In ciliated sensory neurons, required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa. (388 aa) |
| | klp-20 | Kinesin-like protein klp-20; Component of the kinesin II motor complex (composed of kap-1 and the heterodimeric motor proteins klp-11 and klp-20) which is required for intraflagellar transport (IFT). Heterodimerizes with klp-11 to form a 'processive' molecular motor upon IFT cargo binding, which, within the kinesin II motor complex, binds to and moves along microtubules in a unidirectional manner (without dissociation of the heterodimer), and in turn, is responsible for the IFT of cargo. Specifically, the kinesin II motor complex, together with the kinesin motor protein osm-3 moves alo [...] (646 aa) |
| | grdn-1 | Girdin homolog; Scaffolding protein that plays a role in ciliogenesis, cilium positioning and dendrite anchoring in sensory amphid neurons including AWB, AWA, AWC, ADL and ASI and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. Its role in cilium positioning may be through regulation of the localization of cell adhesion proteins such as the apical junction protein ajm-1, and the ciliary scaffolding protein Rootletin/che-10. Belongs to the CCDC88 family. (1319 aa) |
| | tac-1 | Transforming acid coiled-coil-containing protein 1; Involved in microtubule formation, polymerization and assembly, regulating microtubule nucleation and length. Plays a role in pronuclear migration and mitotic and meiotic spindle elongation during early embryogenesis. In complex with zyg-9, functions during the early stages of embryonic development to regulate microtubule assembly throughout the cell cycle. Specifically, the complex is required for the formation and growth of astral microtubules and spindle microtubules during mitotic spindle assembly. At anaphase, the complex is requ [...] (260 aa) |
| | lgc-46 | Probable ligand-gated ion channel 46; Probable component of a ligand-gated anion channel. Negatively regulates synaptic transmission and synaptic vesicle release in response to acetylcholine in cholinergic motor neurons. Role in synaptic vesicle release kinetics may be in association with the ligand-gated ion channel protein acc-4. (508 aa) |
| | bam-2 | Neurexin-related protein bam-2; Maintains the normal guidance and termination of axonal branches of VC motorneurons. By associating with cell adhesion protein casy-1, mediates axonal interactions to establish synaptic connections between the male-specific sensory neuron HOA and the AVG interneuron. Plays a role in regulating male mating behavior. (1007 aa) |
| | laf-1 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase laf-1; Multifunctional ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Plays a role in RNA remodeling, but is not required for RNA unwinding. Binds to RNA in a concentration-dependent manner to stimulate annealing between two complementary strands of RNA. This process is also dependent upon ATP; ATP reduces binding to RNA and subsequently diminishes RNA annealing. Involved in many cellular processes, which do not necessarily require its ATPase/helicase catalytic activities. Involved in the regulation of transcription and translation initiation. Involved in innate immunity (By si [...] (708 aa) |
| | pkd-2 | Polycystin-2; Functions as a calcium permeable cation channel. Required for 2 aspects of male mating behavior: response to hermaphrodite contact and vulva location. Acts in the same pathway as lov-1 and atp-2 in response behavior. (716 aa) |
| | osm-12 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein homolog; Component of the BBSome complex (By similarity). The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function (By similarity). Required for proper BBSome complex assembly and its ciliary localization (By similarity). Required for cilia biogenesis and both the assembly and movement of intraflagellar transport proteins along the ciliary axoneme. Plays a role in [...] (721 aa) |
| | src-1 | Tyrosine protein-kinase src-1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase which plays a role in endoderm development by controlling spindle orientation in EMS blastomere, probably downstream of receptor mes-1. Also involved in embryonic body morphogenesis, especially in the formation of the pharynx and the intestine. May be dispensable for pharyngeal muscle organization in the adult. Probably phosphorylates netrin receptor unc-5, to regulate distal tip cell (DTC) migration during gonad development and in axon repulsion. Plays a role in the migration of the QR neuroblast, a precursor of the A [...] (537 aa) |
| | gcy-14 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-14; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). Regulates chemotaxis responses toward Na(1+) and Li(1+) salt ions and alkaline pH in ASE left (ASEL) sensory neuron. Directly senses environmental alkalinity in ASEL neuron which probably leads to the activation of cGMP-gated cation channel tax2/tax4. (1111 aa) |
| | ift-139 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 21 homolog; Component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport. In particular, may act redundantly with the intraflagellar transport protein ift-43 to regulate the transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins such as che-3 which are related to motility. Functions in cilia biogenesis. Belongs to the TTC21 family. (1324 aa) |
| | cyy-1 | Cyclin-Y; In association with pct-1, regulates the trafficking of synaptic vesicle precursors in DA motor neurons by promoting anterograde trafficking to the axon and preventing dynein-dependent trafficking to the dendrite. May also regulate synaptic vesicle trafficking in DD motor neurons and in RIA interneurons. Involved in synapse formation during DD motor neuron remodeling by disassembling ventral presynaptic structures. May activate cdk-5. Belongs to the cyclin family. (357 aa) |
| | gcy-9 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-9; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). Involved in the sensing of CO2 levels and acidity by the BAG neurons. May act as a direct receptor for CO2 and H+. (1081 aa) |
| | dyf-2 | WD repeat-containing protein dyf-2; Component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport. Moves along the ciliary axoneme and is involved in the assembly, localization and the movement of other intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins along the cilia axoneme. May also associate with the BBSome complex in order to mediate ciliary transport. Regulates cilia biogenesis, morphology and sensitivity to environmental cues. (1383 aa) |
| | msp-152 | Major sperm protein 152; Central component in molecular interactions underlying sperm crawling. Forms an extensive filament system that extends from sperm villipoda, along the leading edge of the pseudopod. (127 aa) |
| | dbt-1 | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoyl transacylase); The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2) (By similarity). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). Within this complex, the catalytic function of this enzyme is to accept, and to transfer to coenzyme A, acyl groups that are generated by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxyl [...] (448 aa) |
| | gcy-18 | Receptor-type guanylate cyclase gcy-18; Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). Regulates thermotaxis responses in AFD sensory neurons. May regulate AFD neuronal activity such as calcium responses to temperature gradients. (1113 aa) |
| | lov-1 | Location of vulva defective 1; Required for two aspects of male mating behavior: response to hermaphrodite contact and vulva location. Acts in the same pathway as pkd-2 and atp-2 in response behavior. May be required for ciliary targeting of pkd-2. (3284 aa) |
