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| | gpx-5 | Glutathione peroxidase; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (223 aa) |
| | vps-34 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Together with bec-1, mediates the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on intracellular vesicles and thereby regulates membrane trafficking. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport of mig-14. Involved in clearance of apoptotic cell corpses by phagosomes. Phagosome maturation requires two sequential and non-overlapping pulses of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) on the vesicle surface which mediates recr [...] (901 aa) |
| | pmk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-1; Serine/threonine kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Phosphorylates snk-1 which probably regulates skn-1 nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress. Probably by activating skn-1, involved in the up- regulation of gcs-1 and glutathione-S-transferase gst-4 expression upon bacteria infection. Up-regulates expression of gcs-1 in intestinal cells upon arsenite treatment. Functions downstream of the MAPKK sek-1 and the MAPKKK nsy-1 as the MAP kinase [...] (377 aa) |
| | let-363 | Target of rapamycin homolog; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates the mRNA translation machinery, probably by modulating the activity of translation factors such as eIF-4G and eIF-2. It may have some protein kinase activity instead of lipid kinase activity. May play a role in P-granule degradation by autophagy in somatic cells during embryogenesis. Required, during larval development, for the establishment of the proper number of germline progenitors, probably upstream of rsks-1 and ife-1. Required for larval development. May act as a mediator of lifespan regulation by insuli [...] (2695 aa) |
| | age-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homolog that regulates longevity and diapause. Promotes cell survival during embryonic development by recruiting akt-1/2 to the plasma membrane through the production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Could function in the development or neuroendocrine signaling of the dauer pathway. Mediates susceptibility to enteropathogenic E.coli infection. May negatively regulate AYI interneuron neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in aversive olfactory learning when an odor is associated with food deprivation. Regulates this process by promoting the [...] (1182 aa) |
| | lgg-3 | Ubiquitin-like protein atg-12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation (By similarity). Conjugation with atg-5 through a ubiquitin- like conjugating system involving also atg-7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and atg-10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function (By similarity). Most likely a component of an atg-5-lgg- 3-atg-16 complex that promotes autophagosome formation by associating with lgg-2, but not lgg-1, at the preautophagosomal membrane. Probably, as part of an atg-5-lgg- 3-atg-16 complex, required for lgg-1 lipidation; the comple [...] (118 aa) |
| | jnk-1 | Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa) |
| | cup-4 | Acetylcholine receptor-like protein cup-4; Thought to regulate endocytosis in coelomocytes through modulation of phospholipase C activity. Possible acetylcholine receptor; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. (433 aa) |
| | daf-15 | Raptor_N domain-containing protein. (1800 aa) |
| | gpx-3 | Glutathione peroxidase 3; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (224 aa) |
| | akt-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf-16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Has an essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Plays a role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Regulates salt chemotaxis learning. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic devel [...] (546 aa) |
| | lgg-1 | Protein lgg-1; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in the formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). When lipidated mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane fusion during autophagy. Recruits lipidated-lgg-2 to maturing autophagosomes. Acts in the aggrephagy pathway, which is the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, and preferentially interacts with autophagy proteins and substrates containing LIR motifs to mediate autophagosome formation and protein aggregate degradation. In particular, binds to components of the unc-51- [...] (123 aa) |
| | C46A5.4 | Uncharacterized protein. (1537 aa) |
| | hcf-1 | Host cell factor 1. (782 aa) |
| | smg-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase smg-1; Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in mRNA surveillance. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons by phosphorylating smg-2. (2322 aa) |
| | glp-1 | Protein glp-1; Involved in the specification of the cell fates of the blastomeres, ABa and APa. Proper signaling by glp-1 induces ABa descendants to produce anterior pharyngeal cells, and APa descendants to adopt a different fate. Contributes to the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in early embryos. Regulates germ cell mitotic proliferation probably by regulating MAP kinase phosphatase lip-1 expression. Plays a negative role in lifespan. (1295 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | numr-2 | NUclear localized Metal Responsive. (281 aa) |
| | daf-12 | Nuclear hormone receptor family member daf-12; Nuclear receptor which binds directly to response elements in target gene promoters. Activity is modulated by binding of steroid hormone ligands that include dafachronic acids. Regulates expression of genes involved in postembryonic development and the dauer diapause, in response to environmental cues. Inhibits the expression of let-7 family members when bound to corepressor din-1s which is an isoform of din-1. Has a role in the immune response to bacterial infection, via regulation of let-7 miRNAs. Controls expression of genes that promot [...] (753 aa) |
| | nlp-7 | Neuropeptide-like protein 7; May regulate lifespan in response to food availability and oxidative stress. (121 aa) |
| | gpx-1 | Glutathione peroxidase 1; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (163 aa) |
| | akt-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf- 16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. [...] (528 aa) |
| | pha-4 | Defective pharyngeal development protein 4; Acts as a transcription factor required for formation of the pharyngeal primordium. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-T[AG]TT[TG][AG][TC]-3' with variations of the sequence affecting onset of target gene expression. Activates a wide array of pharyngeal genes including ceh-22 and myo-2 and represses ectodermal genes lin-26 and elt-3, ensuring pharyngeal cell fate. Required for recruitment of htz-1 to a subset of pharyngeal promoters to ensure gene activation and also acts synergistically with tbx-2 in pharyngeal development. Acts in the regul [...] (506 aa) |
| | isp-1 | Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial; Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is a respiratory chain that generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis. (276 aa) |
| | lem-3 | Ankyrin repeat and LEM domain-containing protein 1 homolog; Endonuclease which, in association with baf-1, plays an essential role during embryogenesis in the DNA repair response following DNA damage probably by ensuring proper chromosome segregation. Also required during postembryonic cell divisions after DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation to ensure normal cell proliferation. Resolves chromatin bridges in late mitosis that result from incomplete DNA replication, defective chromosome condensation or unresolved recombination intermediates. Together with brc-1, contributes to genome [...] (704 aa) |
| | hsp-4 | Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP homolog; Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that plays a key role in protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen (By similarity). Required for ER dynamics during the first embryonic cell divisions. Specifically, controls ER transition into sheet-like structures at the onset of mitosis, possibly by regulating homotypic membrane fusion. Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (657 aa) |
| | scl-1 | SCP domain-containing protein; Belongs to the CRISP family. (207 aa) |
| | cep-1 | Transcription factor cep-1; Transcriptional activator that binds the same DNA consensus sequence as p53. Has a role in normal development to ensure proper meiotic chromosome segregation. Promotes apoptosis under conditions of cellular and genotoxic stress in response to DNA damage, hypoxia, or starvation. Regulates germline apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Its pro-apoptotic activity is inhibited when bound to ape-1 in vitro. Plays a role in cell cycle arrest in the germline in response to DNA damage by UV-C light. However, not required for survival in response to DNA damage induced [...] (644 aa) |
| | elt-6 | GATA-like transcription factor ELT-6. (367 aa) |
| | ftt-2 | 14-3-3-like protein 2; Required for extension of life-span by sir-2.1. Promotes nuclear export of yap-1. Negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of daf-16 by sequestering it to the cytoplasm. Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (248 aa) |
| | mes-1 | Protein mes-1; During early embryogenesis, controls asymmetric cell division and the asymmetric localization of P granules of germline precursor P2 and its descendant P3. Probably upstream of tyrosine kinase src-1, plays a role in endoderm development by controlling spindle orientation during EMS blastomere cell division. Controls EMS spindle orientation probably by promoting lin-5 and gpr-1/2 enrichment at, and let-99 exclusion from the junction between P2 and EMS cells. (966 aa) |
| | gpx-8 | Glutathione PeroXidase. (145 aa) |
| | elt-3 | GATA-type domain-containing protein. (317 aa) |
| | pept-1 | Peptide transporter family 1; Low-affinity peptide transporter that is necessary for proton-dependent uptake of di- or tripeptides, and to a minor extent tetrapeptides, in the intestine. Transport is independent of sodium and chloride ions. Controls the uptake of dietary fatty acids, plays a role in fatty acid synthesis and is responsible for dipeptide-induced acidification of the intestine. Regulates cellular pH differences together with the antiporter protein, nhx-2. Amino acid uptake and absorption levels influence the insulin signaling/daf-2 and let-363/TOR pathways, subsequently a [...] (835 aa) |
| | eif-2beta | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2; eIF-2 functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S preinitiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyz [...] (250 aa) |
| | pxn-2 | PeroXidasiN (Drosophila peroxidase) homolog. (1328 aa) |
| | mtl-1 | Metallothionein-1; This protein binds cations of several transition elements. (75 aa) |
| | vab-1 | Ephrin receptor 1; Receptor for members of the ephrin family (By similarity). Receptor for major sperm proteins (MSPs), that functions as sperm- sensing checkpoint which inhibits oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation when sperm are not available for fertilization. Specifically, functions to negatively regulates oocyte maturation and MAPK activation in the absence of MSPs. Required for the MSP-mediated increase in the basal sheath cell contraction rate in somatic cells. Phosphorylates phosphatase daf-18/PTEN which probably promotes daf-18 degradation. By inactivating daf-18, regulates [...] (1122 aa) |
| | par-5 | 14-3-3-like protein 1. (248 aa) |
| | ctb-1 | Cytochrome b; Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The b-c1 complex mediates electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c (By similarity). Contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that is then used for ATP synthesis. (370 aa) |
| | gpx-7 | Glutathione peroxidase; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (197 aa) |
| | ife-2 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-2; Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures. All 5 eIF4E proteins bind monomethyl cap structures. Only ife-1, ife-2 and ife-5 bind trimethyl cap structures which result from trans-splicing. Translation of trimethyl cap structure mRNAs may be regulated by intracellular redox state; disulfide bonds change the width and depth of the cap-binding cavity determining selectivit [...] (228 aa) |
| | gpx-2 | Glutathione peroxidase 2; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (179 aa) |
| | sir-2.1 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sir-2.1; NAD-dependent deacetylase (By similarity). Required for a reduction of the 'Lys-16' acetylation of histone H4 (H4K16ac) on dosage-compensated X chromosomes in hermaphrodites. Plays a role in germ cell and somatic cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Functions upstream of daf-16 in the insulin-like signaling pathway, promoting daf-16 mediated transcriptional activation and increased lifespan. May also regulate lifespan independently of daf-16 by modulating the transcription of genes involved in the stress response of the endoplasmic reticu [...] (607 aa) |
| | daf-16 | Forkhead box protein O; Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock and oxidative stress responses, and dauer formation. Longevity signaling predominantly arises from expression in the intestine. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration by association with ftt-2. Inhibition is required for the carbon [...] (541 aa) |
| | lars-1 | Leucine--tRNA ligase; Involved in protein synthesis. Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. (1186 aa) |
| | T06D8.10 | Uncharacterized protein. (1490 aa) |
| | cchl-1 | Probable cytochrome c-type heme lyase; Links covalently the heme group to the apoprotein of cytochrome c. (280 aa) |
| | kgb-1 | GLH-binding kinase 1; Mitogen-activated protein kinase which is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Phosphorylates the transcription factor fos-1 which prevents fos-1 dimerization and promoter binding and results in activation of target genes including F53A9.2/kreg-1 and lys-3/kreg-2. Phosphorylates jun-1 and activates the AP-1 transcription factor which is a heterodimer of jun-1 and fos-1. Phosphorylates glh-1 in vitro which may play a role in controlling glh-1 protein levels in the germline by targeting it for degradation by the proteasome. R [...] (390 aa) |
| | daf-18 | Abnormal dauer formation protein 18; Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine-phosphorylated proteins (By similarity). Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. By dephosphorylating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 antagonizes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production by age-1/PI3K and thus, negatively regulates daf-2-mediated processes including dauer formation, longevity, fat metabolism, chemotaxis towards salt, thermotolerance and axon guidance. Similarly, [...] (962 aa) |
| | mev-1 | Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial; Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) (By similarity). Mediates resistance to enteropathogenic E.coli infection. Belongs to the cytochrome b560 family. (182 aa) |
| | mtl-2 | Metallothionein-2; This protein binds cations of several transition elements. (63 aa) |
| | gpx-6 | Glutathione peroxidase; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (188 aa) |
| | daf-9 | Cytochrome P450 daf-9; Sterol hydroxylase that catalyzes the successive oxidization of the side chains of the 3-keto steroids 4-cholesten-3-one and lathosterone to form their carboxylic acid derivatives Delta(4)- dafachronic acid and Delta(7)-dafachronic acid respectively. Dafachronic acids bind directly to the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) daf-12, suppressing dauer formation and inducing reproductive growth. In a non-cell autonomous manner, negatively regulates body wall muscle arm extensions to motor neurons probably by preventing daf-12 isoform b activation. May be involved in ther [...] (572 aa) |
| | skn-1 | Protein skinhead-1; Transcription factor required to specify the fate of ventral blastomeres in the early embryo, and postembryonically for the development of the intestine. Directly regulates expression of zygotically expressed med-1 and med-2 to direct mesendoderm development. Required for stl-1 mRNA up- regulation in response to oxidative stress and anoxia. Required for the up-regulation of gcs-1 and several glutathione-S-transferase mRNAs in response to oxidative stress generated during pathogenic bacterial infection. In neurons, involved in mitochondrial fusion and behavioral reco [...] (623 aa) |
| | bec-1 | Beclin homolog; Regulates autophagy. Together with phosphatidyl-3-phosphate kinase vps-34, acts as a core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns3P), thereby regulating membrane trafficking. In association with sorf-1 and sorf-2, negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate in early endosomes to allow for the conversion to late endosomes. Involved in the clearance of engulfed apoptotic cell corpses. Together with ced-9, negatively regulates somatic and germline apoptosis. Plays a role in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde tra [...] (375 aa) |
| | lin-14 | Protein lin-14; Heterochronic protein which controls the choice of stage specific cell fates. Involved in the temporal progression of vulval fate patterning, possibly by inhibiting lin-12. Acts as a transcription factor involved in the stage-specific repression of insulin/insulin- like growth factor gene ins-33. Isoform A may be involved in specifying L1 cell fates while isoform B1 and isoform B2 may specify L2 and later cell fates, creating a temporal switch. (539 aa) |
| | eat-2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (By similarity). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the MC pharyngeal motor neuron involved in pharyngeal pumping. Has a role in the determination of life span possibly via calorific restriction which affects growth rate, although this is independent of metabolic activity. Plays a role in the defense against the accumulation of ingested live pathogenic [...] (474 aa) |
| | hsf-1 | HSF_DOMAIN domain-containing protein. (671 aa) |
| | ctl-2 | Peroxisomal catalase 1; Peroxisomal catalase involved in the oxidative stress response serving to protect cells from toxicity. Plays a role in maintaining normal lifespan. Plays a role in regulating the response to pathogens such as E.faecalis. (500 aa) |
| | ctl-1 | Catalase-2; Catalase involved in the oxidative stress response serving to protect cells from toxicity (Probable). For instance plays a role in defending against oxidative damage induced by excessive copper stress. Not required for maintaining normal lifespan. (497 aa) |
| | daf-2 | Insulin-like receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor-like tyrosine kinase which regulates metabolism, controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Binding of INS family members may either stimulate, or antagonize, association of the receptor with downstream mediators such as pdk-1 and age-1. Required for germline progenitor proliferation during larval development. Required for the response to environmental stimuli such as food, pheromone, and temperature. Negatively regulates resistance to UV and oxidative stress. Role in immune function and pathogen resist [...] (1928 aa) |
| | gpx-4 | Glutathione peroxidase; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (126 aa) |
| | clk-1 | 5-demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6- methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2) during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Has also a structural role in the COQ enzyme complex, stabilizing other COQ polypeptides. Involved in lifespan determination in a ubiquinone- independent manner; Belongs to the COQ7 family. (187 aa) |
| | tcer-1 | WW domain-containing protein. (914 aa) |
| | ins-7 | Probable insulin-like peptide beta-type 4. (116 aa) |
| | kri-1 | KRIT 1 (Krev interaction trapped/cerebral cavernous malformation 1) homolog. (729 aa) |
| | sod-5 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family. (178 aa) |
| | lars-2 | Anticodon_1 domain-containing protein; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (859 aa) |
| | pxn-1 | Peroxidasin homolog; Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. (1285 aa) |
