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| | pmk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-1; Serine/threonine kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Phosphorylates snk-1 which probably regulates skn-1 nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress. Probably by activating skn-1, involved in the up- regulation of gcs-1 and glutathione-S-transferase gst-4 expression upon bacteria infection. Up-regulates expression of gcs-1 in intestinal cells upon arsenite treatment. Functions downstream of the MAPKK sek-1 and the MAPKKK nsy-1 as the MAP kinase [...] (377 aa) |
| | mtk-1 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (1420 aa) |
| | jnk-1 | Stress-activated protein kinase jnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as daf-16, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. By phosphorylating daf-16, plays a role in daf-16 nuclear translocation in intestinal cells in response to environmental stresses such as heat and oxidative stresses. Downstream of jkk-1, may coordinate locomotion via type-D GABAergic motoneurons and regulates synaptic vesicle transport in conjunction with unc-16. Independently of jkk-1, may regulate s [...] (463 aa) |
| | tax-6 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase. Dephosphorylates arrd-17. Dephosphorylates daf-16 at 'Ser-319' which regulates daf-16 nuclear translocation. Dephosphorylates calcium permeable cation channel pkd-2 at 'Ser-534'. Regulates male mating behavior including response to hermaphrodite contact and vulva location and localization of pkd-2 to neuronal cilium. Negatively regulates several sensory behaviors including thermotaxis in ADF neurons, osmosensation in ASH neurons, olfaction adaptation in AWC neurons a [...] (545 aa) |
| | mpk-2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (605 aa) |
| | lip-1 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase lip-1; Dephosphorylates MAP kinase mpk-1. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (381 aa) |
| | let-756 | Protein let-756; Required for larval development. Probably by binding receptor egl-15, regulates negatively membrane protrusion from body wall muscles during larval development. (425 aa) |
| | lmtr-3 | Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, Mapk (MAPK) and mToR (MTOR) activator homolog. (145 aa) |
| | pak-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pak-1; Required for hypodermal cell fusion, together with cdc-42 and ced-10, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. Plays a redundant role with max-2 in dorsal axonal guidance in ventral cord commissural motoneurons and in P neuroblast migration. Acts probably downstream of Rho GTPases mig-2 and ced-10 to regulate these 2 processes. Involved in orientating axonal growth of HSN neurons. During gonad morphogenesis and probably in association with pix-1 and git-1, involved in the migration of distal tip ce [...] (572 aa) |
| | hsp-70 | Heat Shock Protein; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (643 aa) |
| | akt-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf-16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Has an essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Plays a role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Regulates salt chemotaxis learning. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic devel [...] (546 aa) |
| | sem-5 | Sex muscle abnormal protein 5; Adapter protein which modulates signaling mediated by several receptor tyrosine kinases such as egl-15 and let-23 probably acting upstream of let-60/ras. Negatively regulates vulva induction probably downstream of let-23. Involved in sex myoblast migration. Negatively regulates fluid homeostasis probably downstream of egl-15. During the formation of neuromuscular junctions at the larval stage, negatively regulates membrane protrusion from body wall muscles probably downstream of egl- 15. Involved in cytoskeleton dynamics and is recruited by mig-13 to the [...] (228 aa) |
| | fln-2 | FiLamiN (Actin binding protein) homolog. (3672 aa) |
| | cst-2 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (421 aa) |
| | rap-1 | Ras-related protein Rap-1; Required in the hypodermis for proper formation of the cuticle; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (188 aa) |
| | mig-2 | Rac-like GTPase. (195 aa) |
| | lin-1 | ETS domain-containing protein. (441 aa) |
| | ras-1 | GTP binding protein. (212 aa) |
| | mak-2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase mak-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in maintaining synapse and axon morphology as well as touch neuron axon regeneration after injury by regulating cebp-1 mRNA stability downstream of the dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3 signaling cascade. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (366 aa) |
| | tap-1 | TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1; Involved in the Wnt signaling pathway by regulating mom-4 kinase activity. (386 aa) |
| | egl-19 | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. (1877 aa) |
| | cca-1 | Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. This channel gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the "low-voltage activated (LVA)" group and are strongly blocked by nickel and mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite ne [...] (1885 aa) |
| | rskn-2 | Putative ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2; Serine/threonine kinase that may play a role in mediating the mitogen- and stress-induced effects on transcription. May repress transcription via phosphorylation of 'Ser-1' of histone H2A. May phosphorylate histone H3 (By similarity). (773 aa) |
| | vhp-1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase vhp-1; Acts preferentially on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPKs. Plays an important role in the heavy metal stress response and in axon regeneration by negatively regulating the kgb-1 (JNK-like) and the pmk-1 (p38-type) MAPK signaling pathways. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (661 aa) |
| | F11F1.1 | DUF148 domain-containing protein; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (607 aa) |
| | cst-1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase cst-1 18kDa subunit; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which extends lifespan and delays tissue aging, probably by activating daf-16. (497 aa) |
| | ras-2 | GTP binding protein. (211 aa) |
| | gpa-12 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-12 subunit; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems (Probable). May play a role in resistance to fungal infection in the epidermis by regulating the up-regulation of several antimicrobial peptides of the NLP and CNC families. Upstream of plc-3, tpa-1 and the p38-like pathway, required for the expression of antimicrobial peptide nlp-29 in the epidermis in response to fungal infection or physical injury. (355 aa) |
| | ppm-1.A | Protein phosphatase ppm-1.A; Probable phosphatase which regulates axon termination in ALM and PLM neurons, and synaptic branch extension and/or stabilization in PLM neurons. Plays a role in synapse formation in GABAergic DD motor neurons probably by dephosphorylating pmk-3 thereby negatively regulating a MAP kinase pathway that includes dlk-1, mkk-4 and pmk-3. Belongs to the PP2C family. (468 aa) |
| | hsp-1 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein A. (640 aa) |
| | akt-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-2; Acts downstream of PI3 kinase age-1 and kinase pdk-1 in the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway. Essential role in regulating developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Phosphorylates Forkhead-related daf- 16 and the longevity-promoting skn-1 transcription factors, which inhibits their entry into the nucleus and antagonizes their functions. Role in immune function and pathogen resistance. Downstream of age-1 and together with akt-2 and sgk-1, promotes cell survival during embryonic development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. [...] (528 aa) |
| | dlk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase dlk-1; Component of a MAP kinase pathway that functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic architecture and presynaptic differentiation. Phosphorylates and activates mkk-4. Has a role in axonal regrowth following injury and synaptogenesis. Also promotes tubulin post-translational modifications that protect microtubules. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis, and may also have a role in intraflagellar transport in cilia. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called mu [...] (928 aa) |
| | mkk-4 | MAP kinase kinase mkk-4; Activity is required in presynaptic neurons, in a dose- dependent manner, for normal presynaptic development and morphology. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (363 aa) |
| | pmk-2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-2; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. (402 aa) |
| | pmk-3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-3; Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro- inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. Involved in axon regeneration after injury, probably downstream of dlk-1 and mkk-4 and upstream of mak-2. May phosphorylate mak-2. Plays a role in cilium length regulation, possibly by reducing rab-5 mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the formation of muscle connections, also called muscle arm extensions, between the body wall and the motor axons in the dorsal and ventral cord. (474 aa) |
| | mpk-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase mpk-1; Function in let-60 Ras signaling pathway; acts downstream of lin-45 raf kinase, but before the lin-1 gene product in controlling vulval cell differentiation. Plays a negative role in proximal germline proliferation in the mitotic zone. Required for progression of developing oocytes through the pachytene stage. In oocytes, inhibits the activity of the chloride channel clh-3, likely by activating gck-3. Plays a role in response to M.nematophilum-mediated bacterial infection by promoting tail swelling and preventing constipation. Involved in fluid h [...] (444 aa) |
| | F44E5.4 | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (645 aa) |
| | mxl-3 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (235 aa) |
| | mom-4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mom-4; Part of the Wnt signaling pathway essential for the specification of the mesodermal cell fate in early embryos. Stimulates the wrm-1/lit-1-dependent phosphorylation of pop-1 and plays a role in the initial nuclear accumulation of wrm-1. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. (536 aa) |
| | arr-1 | Beta-arrestin arr-1; Adapter protein required for olfactory adaptation and recovery to volatile odorants, probably by desensitization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). May play a role in clathrin-mediated GPCR endocytosis. Acts as positive regulator of insulin-like daf-2 signaling pathway probably by forming a complex with mpz-1 and phosphatase daf-18 likely resulting in daf-18 inhibition. Involved in egg-laying. (435 aa) |
| | cnb-1 | Protein phosphatase 2B regulatory subunit cnb-1; Regulatory subunit of tax-6/calcineurin A, a calcium- dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase. Confers calcium sensitivity. Plays a role in egg- laying, fertility, growth, movement and cuticle development. Plays a role in sensitivity to CO2 levels. Regulates expression of tax-6 inhibitor rcn-1. Negatively regulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) sensitivity to nicotine. Negatively regulates lifespan. Involved in endocytic processes including coelomocyte endocytosis, intestine apical endocytosis and synaptic vesicle [...] (171 aa) |
| | nsy-1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase nsy-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which, by phosphorylating and activating sek-1, plays an important role in the activation of the p38 pathway also composed of the downstream effectors sek-1 and pmk-1. Downstream of CaMKII unc-43 and adapter protein tir-1, plays a role in determining asymmetric cell fates in olfactory AWC neurons during neuronal development. Activation results in the repression of odorant receptor str-2 expression in one of the 2 AWC neurons. Involved in resistance to pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteri [...] (1498 aa) |
| | ver-3 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ver-3; Receptor tyrosine kinase which may be involved, downstream of pvf-1, in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensillum in the male tail. (1227 aa) |
| | rac-2 | Ras-related protein rac-2; During gonad morphogenesis, plays a role in distal tip cell (DTC)-mediated guidance of gonad elongation. (195 aa) |
| | mek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which may phosphorylate kgb-1 and thereby is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. May also have a synergistic role with sek-1 in phosphorylating pmk-1. Involved in the response to environmental stress including heavy metal ions (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)), oxidative stress and starvation. In association with sek-1, regulates germline cell apoptosis in response to oxidative, osmotic and heat shock stresses. Involved in resistance to pathogenic bacteria infecti [...] (347 aa) |
| | pik-1 | Pelle-like serine/threonine-protein kinase pik-1; Through association with the adapter actl-1, may act downstream of the receptor complex composed of ilcr-1 and ilcr-2, which is a signaling complex that modulates neuronal activity and animal behavior in response to sensory neuron input. (485 aa) |
| | sek-1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase sek-1; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the p38 signal transduction pathway which is also composed of upstream effector nsy-1 and downstream effector pmk-1. May phosphorylate pmk-1. Downstream of CaMKII unc-43 and adapter protein tir- 1, plays a role in determining asymmetric cell fates in olfactory AWC neurons during neuronal development. Activation results in the repression of odorant receptor str-2 expression in one of the 2 AWC neurons. Involved in resistance to pathogenic Gram-positive [...] (336 aa) |
| | cdc-42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plays an essential role in spindle orientation and organizing cellular and embryonic polarity by controlling the localization and activity of PAR (partitioning-defective) proteins. Required for maintaining the asymmetric cortical localization of the anterior complex proteins par-3 and par-6, the posterior cortical protein par-2, and pkc-3. Involved in hypodermal cell fusion, together with pak-1 and ced-10, leading to embryonic body elongation, which involves dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization. During gonad morphogenesis, plays a role in dista [...] (191 aa) |
| | zak-1 | SAM domain-containing protein. (745 aa) |
| | mnk-1 | MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase mnk-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required in the germline to regulate positively lifespan. May play a role in body wall muscle contraction. May be involved in embryonic cytokinesis. (707 aa) |
| | rskn-1 | Putative ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1; Serine/threonine kinase that may play a role in mediating the growth-factor and stress induced activation of transcription (By similarity). Suppresses germline tumor formation by preventing the dedifferentiation of secondary spermatocytes probably downstream of mpk-1 ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily. (804 aa) |
| | atf-5 | BZIP domain-containing protein. (208 aa) |
| | kgb-1 | GLH-binding kinase 1; Mitogen-activated protein kinase which is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1. Phosphorylates the transcription factor fos-1 which prevents fos-1 dimerization and promoter binding and results in activation of target genes including F53A9.2/kreg-1 and lys-3/kreg-2. Phosphorylates jun-1 and activates the AP-1 transcription factor which is a heterodimer of jun-1 and fos-1. Phosphorylates glh-1 in vitro which may play a role in controlling glh-1 protein levels in the germline by targeting it for degradation by the proteasome. R [...] (390 aa) |
| | svh-2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor svh-2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which may phosphorylate mlk-1, a component of the mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1 pathway. Involved in axon regeneration after injury by promoting the generation of productive and stable growth cones. (1086 aa) |
| | pxf-1 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor; Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small G protein GTPases like rap-1 and rap-2. Required in the hypodermis, especially in the seam cells, for proper formation of the cuticle. Belongs to the RAPGEF2 family. (1470 aa) |
| | ver-1 | Protein ver-1; Involved in amphid glia remodeling during entry into dauer stage by promoting the fusion of sheath amphid cells which encloses AWC neuron sensory endings. May be involved, downstream of pvf-1, in the positioning of ray 1, the most anterior ray sensillum in the male tail. (1083 aa) |
| | kin-18 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SULU; Acts as a negative regulator of cortical contractions during early embryonic cell division, possibly by regulating rho-1-dependent actomyosin contractility. Plays a role in polarity establishment in early embryos by regulating the size of the anterior and posterior cortex in the first asymmetric cell division. Might play a role in cell cycle progression. In the germline, involved in the regulation of meiotic progression during oogenesis, possibly by modulating the timing of mpk-1 activation. Plays a role in meiotic recombination events. Involved in [...] (982 aa) |
| | mxl-1 | BHLH domain-containing protein. (124 aa) |
| | sos-1 | Son of sevenless homolog; Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP (By similarity). May regulate signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase, egl-15 and let-23. Required for larval and male spicule development, fluid homeostasis, vulva induction, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis by promoting meiosis prophase exit during oocyte maturation. Required for the delamination of G1 cell by promoting the loss of cell junctions and detachment from the excretory system during larval development. Plays a role in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated sensitivity to nico [...] (1493 aa) |
| | ccb-1 | GuKc domain-containing protein. (526 aa) |
| | sek-6 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (359 aa) |
| | lit-1 | Serine/threonine kinase NLK; Has a role in the Wnt signaling pathway controlling the asymmetry of cell divisions during embryogenesis. Operates in the AB and EMS cell lineages influencing cell specification. Required for body wall muscle development, endoderm development, pop-1 asymmetry and T- cell division asymmetry. Lit-1/wrm-1 complex regulates pop-1 localization and is required for pop-1/par-5 interaction. Plays a role in male tail tip morphogenesis. (634 aa) |
| | Y105C5A.24 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein. (478 aa) |
| | Y17G9B.5 | ECSIT_Cterm domain-containing protein. (350 aa) |
| | crp-1 | Cdc-42 Related Protein. (187 aa) |
| | pph-5 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase. Dephosphorylates cdc-37. Probably by dephosphorylating separase sep-1, may be involved in sep-1-mediated exocytosis of cortical granules during meiotic anaphase and mitotic cytokinesis. (496 aa) |
| | ced-2 | Cell death abnormality protein 2; Required for cell migration and engulfment of cell corpses but not for programmed cell death/apoptosis. Has a role in the migration of the 2 gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs). (279 aa) |
| | mek-2 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase mek-2; Functions in the let-60 Ras signaling pathway; acts downstream of lin-45 raf kinase, but before the sur-1/mpk-1 gene product in controlling vulval cell differentiation. Required for progression of developing oocytes through the pachytene stage. Plays a role in responses to M.nematophilum- mediated bacterial infection by promoting tail swelling and preventing constipation. Involved in fluid homeostasis. Positively regulates lifespan upstream of mpk-1. (387 aa) |
| | daf-2 | Insulin-like receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor-like tyrosine kinase which regulates metabolism, controls longevity and prevents developmental arrest at the dauer stage. Binding of INS family members may either stimulate, or antagonize, association of the receptor with downstream mediators such as pdk-1 and age-1. Required for germline progenitor proliferation during larval development. Required for the response to environmental stimuli such as food, pheromone, and temperature. Negatively regulates resistance to UV and oxidative stress. Role in immune function and pathogen resist [...] (1928 aa) |
| | fln-1 | Calponin-homology (CH) domain-containing protein. (2259 aa) |
| | kgb-2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase. (332 aa) |
| | sek-3 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (411 aa) |
| | let-23 | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase let-23; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which, upon binding ligand lin-3, activates 2 signaling cascades: the let-60/Ras and MAP kinase signaling pathway and the let-60-independent phospholipase C-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathway. Each pathway regulates distinct functions. By activating let-60/Ras, regulates larval development, induction of vulva cell precursors during vulva development, male spicule formation and posterior development of the epidermis. Probably by activating phospholipase plc-3 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor itr-1 signalin [...] (1335 aa) |
| | let-60 | Ras protein let-60; The level of let-60 controls the switch between vulval and hypodermal cell fates during C.elegans vulval induction. May stimulate the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of rap-1. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (184 aa) |
| | kin-1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Essential for larval development. Controls the rhythmic contraction of enteric muscles probably by regulating G- protein coupled receptor aex-2-mediated calcium influx in GABAergic DVB neurons. Plays a role in the control of oocyte meiotic maturation by gonadal sheath cells. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily. (579 aa) |
