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vnd vnd brk brk btd btd zld zld ara ara caup caup toe toe Doc3 Doc3 Doc1 Doc1 Doc2 Doc2 bin bin slp1 slp1 odd odd sob sob Six4 Six4 hkb hkb mid mid eya eya Hand Hand prd prd sna sna dac dac Dfd Dfd Antp Antp bcd bcd zen zen lab lab hb hb hth hth Ho Ho ems ems Ubx Ubx abd-A abd-A tin tin bap bap danr danr Dr Dr tll tll tsh tsh Sobp Sobp eve eve zfh2 zfh2 pb pb sv sv HLH54F HLH54F salm salm so so Poxm Poxm nub nub salr salr Optix Optix homer homer Ptx1 Ptx1 SoxN SoxN dan dan slou slou shn shn Mef2 Mef2 bi bi exd exd ind ind tio tio eyg eyg Vsx1 Vsx1 pdm2 pdm2 Rx Rx CG43675 CG43675 kni kni twi twi Abd-B Abd-B Scr Scr
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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vndHomeobox protein vnd; Ventral nervous system defective (vnd) encodes a Nk2-class homeodomain transcription factor that acts in a context-dependent manner as an activator or repressor. It has roles in neuroectoderm patterning, formation and specification of ventral neuroblasts and proper development of their cell lineages. (723 aa)
brkPutative transcription factor; Brinker (brk) encodes a transcriptional repressor that plays important roles in the development of many tissues, including most imaginal discs, where its expression is negatively regulated by Dpp signaling. (704 aa)
btdTranscription factor btd; Buttonhead (btd) encodes a triple C(2)H(2) zinc finger protein structurally and functionally related to the human transcription factors Sp5, Sp8, and Sp9. The product of btd contributes to embryonic head segmentation, leg development, embryonic hematopoiesis, PNS formation, and maintenance of the functional heterogeneity of brain neural stem cells. (644 aa)
zldZelda, isoform A; Zelda (zld) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that functions in early blastoderm development. It works as a zygotic genome activator because it has a global role in regulating early expressed genes, such as genes essential for cellularization, sex determination and pattern formation. It is also required at later times in development. (1596 aa)
araHomeobox protein araucan; Araucan (ara) encodes a homeodomain-containing protein of the TALE subfamily and one of the three components of the Iroquois gene complex. ara product acts as a transcriptional regulator to control territorial and cell fate specification, cell sorting behaviour and pattern formation. It also plays a transcription independent cell-autonomous role in cell proliferation control. (717 aa)
caupHomeobox protein caupolican; Caupolican (caup) encodes a homeodomain-containing protein of the TALE subfamily and one of the three components of the Iroquois gene complex. caup product acts as a transcriptional regulator to control territorial and cell fate specification, cell sorting behaviour and pattern formation. It also plays a transcription independent cell-autonomous role in cell proliferation control. (693 aa)
toeTwin of eyg (toe) encodes a Pax6(5a) transcription factor that functions during thorax and eye development as a transcription repressor. (640 aa)
Doc3Dorsocross3 (Doc3) encodes one of the three tissue-specific T-box transcription factors encoded by the Dorsocross cluster. It is crucial for completion of differentiation, cell proliferation arrest and survival of amnioserosa cells, as well as for cardiogenesis and the patterning and morphogenesis of particular ectodermal derivatives. (424 aa)
Doc1Dorsocross1, isoform A; Dorsocross1 (Doc1) encodes one of the three tissue-specific T-box transcription factors encoded by the Dorsocross cluster. It is crucial for completion of differentiation, cell proliferation arrest and survival of amnioserosa cells, as well as for cardiogenesis and the patterning and morphogenesis of particular ectodermal derivatives. (391 aa)
Doc2Dorsocross2 (Doc2) encodes one of the three tissue-specific T-box transcription factors encoded by the Dorsocross cluster. It is crucial for completion of differentiation, cell proliferation arrest and survival of amnioserosa cells, as well as for cardiogenesis and the patterning and morphogenesis of particular ectodermal derivatives. (469 aa)
binForkhead box protein biniou; Component of a regulatory network controlling visceral mesoderm development and midgut morphogenesis. Transcriptional regulator involved in the activation of a large number of genes in the visceral mesoderm including betaTub60D, dpp and Hand. Binds to and regulates a number of enhancers driving expression in the visceral mesoderm in a temporally and spatially restricted manner. Also to binds to enhancers cooperatively with activators, such as bap or HLH54F, to coregulate expression of shared target genes in the visceral mesoderm. Binds to the Ndg enhancer a [...] (676 aa)
slp1Sloppy paired 1 (slp1) encodes a transcription factor of the fork-head family that functions by interacting with the corepressor encoded by gro. The product of slp1 regulates a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic segmentation, ventral fate specification in the retina, and temporal patterning of the neuroblasts that produce medulla neurons. (322 aa)
oddProtein odd-skipped; Pair-rule protein that determines both the size and polarity of even-numbered as well as odd-numbered parasegments during embryogenesis. DNA-binding transcription factor that acts primarily as a transcriptional repressor but can also function as a transcriptional activator, depending on the stage of development and spatial restrictions. May function redundantly with odd and drm in leg joint formation during the larval stages, acting downstream of Notch activation. (392 aa)
sobProtein sister of odd and bowel; Pair-rule protein that determines both the size and polarity of even-numbered as well as odd-numbered parasegments during embryogenesis. DNA-binding transcription factor that acts primarily as a transcriptional repressor but can also function as a transcriptional activator, depending on the stage of development and spatial restrictions (By similarity). May function redundantly with odd and drm in leg joint formation during the larval stages, acting downstream of Notch activation. (578 aa)
Six4Homeobox protein SIX4; Six4 (Six4) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor required for mesodermal patterning to form the embryonic gonad. (392 aa)
hkbHuckebein (hkb) is expressed in patches within the embryonic neuroectoderm and a subset of neuroblasts and their progeny, where it is required for proper neuronal specification and axon targeting. It is a terminal gap gene mediating the maternal terminal information at the posterior end of the blastoderm embryo. (297 aa)
midMidline, isoform A; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding; RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding. (580 aa)
eyaDevelopmental protein eyes absent; Tyrosine phosphatase thought to play a role in transcription regulation during organogenesis through its intrinsic protein phosphatase activity. The phosphatase activity was shown in vitro. Appears to function together with So and Dac in eye development. Required for the survival of eye progenitor cells at a critical stage in morphogenesis. Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. EYA family. (766 aa)
HandFI14601p; Hand (Hand) encodes a transcription factor that contributes to cardiogenesis, hemopoiesis, and muscle function. (174 aa)
prdSegmentation protein paired; Paired (prd) is a paired-rule gene that encodes a transcription factor with two independent DNA binding domains, a paired domain and a homeodomain. Its roles include embryonic segmentation, accessory gland development and male fertility. (613 aa)
snaSnail (sna) encodes a transcription factor that contributes to embryonic mesoderm development, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and asymmetric cell division. (390 aa)
dacDachshund, isoform B; Dachshund (dac) encodes a transcriptional cofactor that physically interacts with several other retinal determination proteins, including those encoded by eya and so, and regulates eye, leg, gonad, and brain development. (1081 aa)
DfdHomeotic protein deformed; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Homeotic protein controlling Drosophila head development. Transcriptional activator of the apoptotic activator protein rpr in cells at the maxillary/mandibular boundary; Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Deformed subfamily. (586 aa)
AntpHomeotic protein antennapedia; Antennapedia (Antp) is the distal-most member of the Antennapedia complex; one of two Hox gene complexes. Antp encodes a sequence-specific homeodomain transcription factor, which is part of a developmental regulatory system that specifies segmental identity in the pro- and mesothorax. In adults Antp loss of function is associated with a transformation of leg into antenna while ectopic expression in the head is associated with antenna to leg and eye to wing transformations. (378 aa)
bcdHomeotic protein bicoid; Segment polarity protein that provides positional cues for the development of head and thoracic segments. Regulates the expression of zygotic genes, possibly through its homeodomain, and inhibits the activity of other maternal gene products. May also bind RNA. Interacts with Bin1 to repress transcription of bicoid target genes in the anterior tip of the embryo; a process known as retraction. (494 aa)
zenProtein zerknuellt 1; Required for the differentiation of the dorsal-ventral pattern, and does not appear to be involved in the process of segmentation. (353 aa)
labHomeotic protein labial; Labial (lab) encodes the anterio-most expressed member of the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C), one of two Hox gene complexes. Members of the ANT-C control the identity of segments that contribute to the head and the anterior thorax. The product of lab specifies the identity of the intercalary segment and also functions in the development of copper cells in the midgut. (629 aa)
hbProtein hunchback; Gap class segmentation protein that controls development of head structures; Belongs to the hunchback C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (758 aa)
hthHomeobox protein homothorax; All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle. Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac. Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd). Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt [...] (487 aa)
HoHeme oxygenase; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. (296 aa)
emsEmpty spiracles (ems) encodes a homeotic selector gene that encodes a transcription factor involved in spiracle morphogenesis, axogenesis, and development of the ventral nerve cord, brain and tracheal system; Belongs to the EMX homeobox family. (494 aa)
UbxHomeotic protein ultrabithorax; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Binds the consensus region 5'-TTAAT[GT][GA]-3'. This homeotic protein controls development of the cells in the posterior thoracic and first abdominal segments. It activates the synthesis of the decapentaplegic (DPP) growth factor; Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. (389 aa)
abd-AHomeobox protein abdominal-A; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Required for segmental identity of the second through eighth abdominal segments. Once a pattern of abd-A expression is turned on in a given parasegment, it remains on the more posterior parasegment, so that the complex pattern of expression is built up in the successive parasegments. Appears to repress expression of Ubx whenever they appear in the same cell, but abd-A is repressed [...] (590 aa)
tinMuscle-specific homeobox protein tinman; Required for the development of heart and visceral muscle; for the formation of somatic muscles. Has a crucial function in the early mesodermal subdivisions. (416 aa)
bapHomeobox protein bagpipe; Bagpipe (bap) encodes an important homeodomain transcription factor for visceral mesoderm formation, which differentiates into gut musculature. (382 aa)
danrProtein distal antenna-related; Probable transcription factor with a role in the retinal determination (RD) network. Regulates ato expression and is required for normal R8 induction and differentiation. Danr appears to repress Dan expression, but Dan is required for Danr expression anterior to the morphogenetic furrow (MF). Dan and Danr lie downstream of so and require dac function for highest levels of expression. Contributes to differentiation of antenna-specific characteristics; effector gene that acts downstream of homothorax (hth), Distal-less (Dll), cut (ct) and spineless (ss) ge [...] (419 aa)
DrMuscle segmentation homeobox; Drop (Dr) encodes a homeodomain transcription factor involved in patterning of the neuroectoderm and wing disc, specification of myoblasts and neuroblasts, proper development of muscle, neuronal and glial cells, male genital disc, and regulation of glucose metabolism; Belongs to the Msh homeobox family. (515 aa)
tllProtein tailless; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity. This receptor binds to the consensus sequence [AG][AG]AAGTCAA. Plays a key role in the establishment of non-metameric domains at the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo. It may also play a role in the nervous system. The maternal terminal pathway activates the tll gene in the termini; TLL activity then represses segmentation and activ [...] (452 aa)
tshProtein teashirt; Homeotic protein that acts downstream of Arm in the Wg cascade during embryogenesis to determine segment identity throughout the entire trunk. Acts cooperatively with other trunk homeotic proteins to repress head homeotic genes and therefore repress head segmental identity. Necessary, in combination with Scr, for the formation of the prothoracic segment. Promotes eye development in the dorsal region of the eye disk and suppresses eye development in the ventral region in combination with Wg-signaling and several early dorso-ventral eye patterning genes. Required for pr [...] (954 aa)
SobpSine oculis-binding protein, isoform A; Transcription factor binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: compound eye development. (813 aa)
eveSegmentation protein even-skipped; May play a role in determining neuronal identity. May be directly involved in specifying identity of individual neurons. Pair- rule protein required for segmentation; involved in transforming the broad, spatial, aperiodic expression patterns of the gap genes into a system of precise periodic expression patterns of the pair-rule and segmentary polarity genes; Belongs to the even-skipped homeobox family. (376 aa)
zfh2Zn finger homeodomain 2 (zfh2) encodes a putative transcription factor. Its roles include specification of cell fates and promotion of apoptosis during CNS development, and proximal-distal patterning during wing and leg imaginal disc development. (3005 aa)
pbHomeotic protein proboscipedia; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Controls development of mouthparts, and labial and maxillary palps. (782 aa)
svShaven, isoform A; Shaven (sv) encodes a transcription factor and a member of the paired box family of genes. It is primarily involved in the terminal differentiation of specific cell types during the development of a variety of sensory organs, including the bristles and the eye. (844 aa)
HLH54FRT01030p; HLH54F (HLH54F) encodes a bHLH transcription factor that regulates caudal visceral mesoderm development. (242 aa)
salmHomeotic protein spalt-major; Spalt major (salm) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor. It mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing through regulation of the products of kni and ara. The product of salm is required for cell specification during the development of the nervous system, muscle, eye or trachea. (1365 aa)
soSine oculis (so) encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions with the product of eya as a transcriptional co-activator. It contributes to both cell and tissue fate specification, promotion of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. (416 aa)
PoxmPaired box pox-meso protein; Pox meso (Poxm) encodes a transcription factor that contributes to dendrite morphogenesis and the development and specification of somatic muscle. (370 aa)
nubProtein nubbin; DNA-binding regulatory protein implicated in early development. Involved in neuronal cell fate decision. Repressed directly or indirectly by the BX-C homeotic proteins. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-2 subfamily. (961 aa)
salrSpalt-related, isoform A; Spalt-related (salr) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that, together with the product of salm, mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing. It is repressed by the product of Ubx during haltere development. (1267 aa)
OptixOptix (Optix) encodes a homeobox containing DNA binding protein and a member of the SIX class of proteins. It functions as a repressor via interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor encoded by gro. It is involved in eye formation and morphogenetic furrow movement. (492 aa)
homerHomer, isoform E; Homer (homer) encodes a protein that acts as an adaptor protein binding to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and other intracellular signaling proteins. It contributes to regulation of sleep, locomotor activity and ethanol tolerance. (531 aa)
Ptx1Ptx1 (Ptx1) encodes a paired-like homeobox transcription factor expressed during embryogenesis and in the adult digestive tract. It is strongly expressed in the middle midgut (copper cell region) where it is required for local stem cell quiescence and proper function of this region. (610 aa)
SoxNSoxNeuro, isoform B; SoxNeuro (SoxN) encodes an HMG-domain transcription factor. In early embryos it specifies neural progenitors in the central nervous system, while in later embryos it negatively regulates Wg signaling and controls expression of genes required for denticle construction with the product of ovo. (761 aa)
danProtein distal antenna; Probable transcription factor with a role in the retinal determination (RD) network. Regulates ato expression and is required for normal R8 induction and differentiation. Danr appears to repress Dan expression, but Dan is required for Danr expression anterior to the morphogenetic furrow (MF). Dan and Danr lie downstream of so and require dac function for highest levels of expression. Contributes to differentiation of antenna-specific characteristics; effector gene that acts downstream of homothorax (hth), Distal-less (Dll), cut (ct) and spineless (ss) genes to c [...] (781 aa)
slouHomeobox protein slou; Slouch (slou) encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is involved in the specification of a subset of somatic muscle progenitors and muscle founder cells; Belongs to the NK-1 homeobox family. (698 aa)
shnSchnurri, isoform F; Schnurri (shn) encodes a zinc finger C2H2 transcription factor involved in Dpp signaling. It contributes to multiple processes including ectoderm and midgut development, wing disc patterning and morphogenesis of Malpighian tubules and dendrites. (2587 aa)
Mef2Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2; Transcription factor that could be a key player in early mesoderm differentiation and may be required for subsequent cell fate specifications within the somatic and visceral/heart mesodermal layers. Essential for myoblast fusion and consequently muscle formation in adults. During embryonic and pupal development, binds to the enhancer of the myoblast fusion gene sing and activates its transcription. Belongs to the MEF2 family. (606 aa)
biOptomotor-blind protein; Bifid (bi) encodes a T-box transcription factor that controls cell proliferation, viability and cell migration. It contributes to the development of several tissues such as brain, eyes and wings. In wing development it is activated by the product of dpp and to a lesser extent by Wg signaling. (1023 aa)
exdHomeobox protein extradenticle; Transcription factor which acts with the selector homeodomain proteins altering the regulation of downstream target genes such as wingless (wg), teashirt (tsh) and decapentaplegic (dpp), thus affecting segmental identity. Delimits the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system. (376 aa)
indIntermediate neuroblasts defective (ind) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of the central nervous system. (320 aa)
tioProtein tiptop; Tiptop (tio) and teashirt (tsh) have, on the whole, common activities. Tio and tsh repress each other's expression and tsh has a crucial role for trunk patterning that is in part masked by ectopic expression of tiptop. Both genes share a common activity required for the activation of Ser and svb and the maintenance of en and wg. Belongs to the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (1024 aa)
eygEyegone, isoform A; Eyegone (eyg) encodes a Pax family transcription factor that acts as a transcriptional repressor. In eye development, the product of eyg promotes cell proliferation in the larval eye disc through activation of Jak/STAT pathway. It also plays both positive and negative roles in head vortex development. (670 aa)
Vsx1Visual system homeobox 1 (Vsx1) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of the visual-system. (837 aa)
pdm2POU domain protein 2, isoform B; DNA-binding regulatory protein implicated in early development. Involved in neuronal cell fate decision. May act as an octamer-dependent activator of transcription. Could also play an early role in specific ectodermal cells, and a subsequent role in the embryonic nervous system. (893 aa)
RxRetinal Homeobox (Rx) encodes a homeodomain transcription factor required for processes of brain development. It is involved in growth regulation, proliferation and cell survival. (904 aa)
CG43675Uncharacterized protein, isoform B. (372 aa)
kniZygotic gap protein knirps; Transcriptional repressor. Binds to multiple sites in the eve stripe 3 enhancer element. Plays an essential role in the segmentation process both by refining the expression patterns of gap genes and by establishing pair-rules stripes of gene expression. (434 aa)
twiTwist (twi) encodes a transcription factor required for mesoderm cell fate. The product of twi is essential for gastrulation, the development of mesodermal derivatives, including somatic and visceral muscle, fat body and maintenance of muscle stem cells. (490 aa)
Abd-BHomeobox protein abdominal-B; Abdominal B (Abd-B) is one of the three hox genes of the bithorax complex. The product of Abd-B specifies the identity of the posterior abdominal segments, the external genitalia and the gonads. It is also involved in regulating the post-mating-response. (493 aa)
ScrHomeotic protein Sex combs reduced; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Controls the segmental transformation of the first to the second thoracic segment (prothorax to mesothorax) and of the labial palps into maxillary palps. In embryo, required for fusion of labial lobes and development of the T1 denticle belt. In adult, expression in the head is necessary for proper development of the labium. In the first thoracic segment of the adult, required [...] (508 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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