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JHDM2 JHDM2 lid lid y y Hira Hira bw bw mu2 mu2 HDAC1 HDAC1 FRG1 FRG1 SuUR SuUR CTCF CTCF Usp47 Usp47 pzg pzg Pc Pc Hel25E Hel25E Su(var)205 Su(var)205 Utx Utx piwi piwi Sirt1 Sirt1 Sos Sos glu glu D1 D1 E(var)3-9 E(var)3-9 jumu jumu Su(var)3-7 Su(var)3-7 trx trx mor mor Mekk1 Mekk1 mod(mdg4) mod(mdg4) polybromo polybromo vig2 vig2 BEAF-32 BEAF-32 SMC2 SMC2 osa osa CG8878 CG8878 Sgf11 Sgf11 vtd vtd Cap-G Cap-G gpp gpp mrt mrt Chd1 Chd1 ash1 ash1 Lam Lam lawc lawc HP1b HP1b lwr lwr Su(var)3-9 Su(var)3-9 bon bon brm brm PSR PSR E2f1 E2f1 psq psq Psf2 Psf2 dpy dpy sti sti JIL-1 JIL-1 Asx Asx Trl Trl His2Av His2Av Ada3 Ada3 wash wash barr barr lt lt Bin1 Bin1 wapl wapl not not
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JHDM2JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 2 (JHDM2) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from the lysine 9 of the product of His3, and thereby promotes an open chromatin structure. (854 aa)
lidLysine-specific demethylase lid; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Specifically demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Required for the correct regulation of homeotic genes during development. Plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm and in maintaining the normal periodicity of the circadian clock. Regulates the expression of clock-controlled genes including tim, per and cry. (1838 aa)
yYellow (y) is the founding gene of the Yellow family. Lack of y function results in an abnormal male courtship behavior and a characteristic yellow color of the adult cuticle and larval mouthparts; Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family. (541 aa)
HiraProtein HIRA homolog; Required for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle (By similarity). Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Promotes remodeling of sperm chromatin following fertilization via the incorporation of histone H3.3 and histone H4. Belongs to the WD repeat HIR1 family. (1047 aa)
bwBrown (bw) encodes a member of the traffic ATPase (or ABC) family of membrane transporters. It is believed to heterodimerize with the product of w. bw and w are necessary to import guanine, a precursor for the red pteridine pigments, into pigment cells of the eyes, Malpighian tubules and testis sheath. (675 aa)
mu2Mutator 2 (mu2) encodes an androgen receptor co-activator involved in double-strand break repair and regulation of chromatin organization. (1280 aa)
HDAC1Histone deacetylase HDAC1; Catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N- terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation may constitute a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. For instance, deacetylation of histone H3 may be a prerequisite for the subsequent recruitment of the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9 to histones. Involved in position-effect variegation (PEV). In the larval brain, part of a regulatory network including the transcript [...] (521 aa)
FRG1Protein FRG1 homolog; May have a role in processing of pre-rRNA or in the assembly of rRNA into ribosomal subunits (By similarity). May be involved in epigenetic regulation of muscle differentiation through regulation of the activity of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Suv4-20. (262 aa)
SuURProtein suppressor of underreplication; Required for underreplication of DNA, which is found in many late replicating euchromatic regions of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Functions by promoting the localization and retention of Rif1 to active DNA replication forks where Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression. Controls chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes. (962 aa)
CTCFGH14774p; CTCF (CTCF) encodes a ubiquitous transcription factor that binds to insulators and domain boundaries. It mediates insulator function and blocks enhancers by binding to the product of Cp190. It contributes to long-range chromatin interaction, organizes chromatin domain boundaries and coordinates nuclear architecture. (818 aa)
Usp47Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47; Ubiquitin-specific protease that deubiquitinates target proteins to regulate different cellular and developmental pathways. Functions downstream of Dsor1/MEK to positively regulate the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Likely to modulate the pathway during various cellular and developmental processes including rl/MAPK activation by the receptors InR, Egfr and sevenless/sev. Functions in the post-translational stabilization of rl/MAPK levels in a mechanism that is independent of rl activity and opposes the activity of the E2 enzyme Unc6 and the putati [...] (1556 aa)
pzgPutzig, isoform A; Putzig (pzg) encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in chromatin activation of replication related genes and signalling pathways including Notch, Ecdysone and JAK/STAT. It regulates growth, cell death and various developmental processes. (996 aa)
PcPolycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa)
Hel25EATP-dependent RNA helicase WM6; Required for mRNA export out of the nucleus. Probable RNA helicase that may regulate entry into mitosis by down-regulating the expression of other genes whose activity may be rate-limiting for entry into mitosis during embryogenesis. Binds to salivary gland chromosomes and modifies position effect variegation. Promotes an open chromatin structure that favors transcription during development by regulating the spread of heterochromatin. (424 aa)
Su(var)205Heterochromatin protein 1; Structural component of heterochromatin, involved in gene repression and the modification of position-effect-variegation. Recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression. (206 aa)
UtxUtx histone demethylase (Utx) encodes a Jumonji C containing protein that catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from Histone H3 lysine 27. Together with the products of trr and Lpt, it is thought to regulate chromatin structure at transcriptional enhancers. (1136 aa)
piwiProtein piwi; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovarian somatic cells, mediates silencing of transposable elements at the transcriptional level in a mael-dependent manner. [...] (843 aa)
Sirt1NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent histone deacetylase involved in heterochromatic silencing. Mildly suppresses the heterochromatin-mediated silencing phenomenon known as position-effect variegation (PEV). Required for epigenetic silencing of the polycomb group proteins. Has histone H4 deacetylase activity in vitro. Required maternally for establishing proper segmentation of the embryo. Involved in sex determination. May be involved in the regulation of life span. (823 aa)
SosProtein son of sevenless; Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP. Functions in signaling pathways initiated by the sevenless and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases; implies a role for the ras pathway in neuronal development. (1596 aa)
gluStructural maintenance of chromosomes protein; Gluon (glu) encodes a subunit of the multiprotein complex condensin that is required for chromosome condensation and sister chromatid segregation. It contributes to nervous system development and glucose metabolism. (1409 aa)
D1D1 chromosomal protein (D1) encodes a multi-AT-hook chromosomal protein that associates with AT-rich satellites, including the SAT-III repeats of the X-chromosome. The product of D1 binds to the minor-groove of the DNA and favors heterochromatin-mediated gene repression involving its interaction with topoisomerase II. (355 aa)
E(var)3-9Enhancer of variegation 3-9; Nucleic acid binding; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of gene expression; chromatin maintenance. (588 aa)
jumuJumeau (jumu) encodes a multi-functional transcription factor that acts upstream of a Polo-kinase dependent pathway in one report. Its roles include asymmetric protein localization, chromatin modification, dendrite formation and organ (eye, wing and bristle) development. (719 aa)
Su(var)3-7Suppressor of variegation 3-7 (Su(var)3-7) encodes a protein associated with heterochromatin. Increasing the amount of the product of Su(var)3-7 triggers heterochromatin expansion and epigenetic gene silencing. (1250 aa)
trxHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase trithorax; Histone methyltransferase that trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me3). H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Functions in segment determination through interaction with genes of bithorax (BX-C) and antennapedia (ANT-C) complexes. Acts as an activator of BX-C. Involved in the very early regulation of homeotic genes expressed only in the posterior region of the embryo. (3726 aa)
morBrahma associated protein 155 kDa; Moira (mor) encodes a member of the trithorax group of homeotic gene regulators. The product of mor is a chromatin remodeling protein and functions as the Swi3 component of the Brahma complex. (1209 aa)
Mekk1Mekk1, isoform B; Mekk1 (Mekk1) encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase that regulates the stress response. It is required for resistance to several stresses, notably osmotic shock, and for the regulation of the activity of the product of Duox. (1571 aa)
mod(mdg4)Modifier of mdg4; Component of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex which is required for the function of the gypsy chromatin insulator and other endogenous chromatin insulators. Chromatin insulators are regulatory elements which establish independent domains of transcriptional activity within eukaryotic genomes. Insulators have two defining properties; they can block the communication between an enhancer and a promoter when placed between them and can also buffer transgenes from position effect variegation (PEV). Insulators are proposed to structure the chromatin fiber into independe [...] (610 aa)
polybromoPolybromo (polybromo) encodes a subunit of Polybromo-associated Brahma complex (PBAP). Its main biological role is involved in chromatin remodeling together with Brahma complex. It can also regulate gene transcription through DNA binding, which is dependent or independent ofthe PBAP complex. (1654 aa)
vig2Vig2, isoform B; Vig2 (vig2) encodes a protein involved in heterochromatin organization, histone H3-K9 methylation and chromatin silencing regulation. (443 aa)
BEAF-32Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD (BEAF-32) encodes a DNA-binding protein with binding sites near transcription start sites. Its roles include chromatin domain insulator function, gene regulation and genome organization. (283 aa)
SMC2Structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) encodes a condensin subunit involved in chromosome condensation and cell division. It contributes to neurogenesis and stem cell differentiation. (1179 aa)
osaTrithorax group protein osa; Trithorax group (trxG) protein required for embryonic segmentation, development of the notum and wing margin, and photoreceptor differentiation. Required for the activation of genes such as Antp, Ubx and Eve. Binds to DNA without specific affinity, suggesting that it is recruited to promoters by promoter-specific proteins. Essential component of the Brahma complex, a multiprotein complex which is the equivalent of the yeast SWI/SNF complex and acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. Thi [...] (2716 aa)
CG8878BcDNA.LD23371; ATP binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; Wnt signaling pathway; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation. (1004 aa)
Sgf11SAGA-associated factor 11 homolog; Component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA, a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histone H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. Required for nuclear receptor-mediated transactivation. Binds independently on SAGA to promoters in an RNA- dependent manner. Bind [...] (196 aa)
vtdRad21 mitotic cohesin; Verthandi (vtd) encodes a subunit of the cohesin complex, which encircles sister chromatids after DNA replication and has multiple roles in the regulation of gene expression and DNA repair. (715 aa)
Cap-GChromosome associated protein G (Cap-G) encodes a component of the condensin I complex, necessary for accurate mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation. (1351 aa)
gppHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-79' of histone H3. Required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and trithorax Group (trxG) maintenance of expression. Also involved in telomeric silencing but do not in centric heterochromatin. Probably participates in pairing sensitivity. (2137 aa)
mrtMartik, isoform A; Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: gene silencing; regulation of chromatin organization. (775 aa)
Chd1Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1; ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor which functions as substrate recognition component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. Regulates polymerase II transcription. Also required for efficient transcription by RNA polymerase I, and more specifically the polymerase I transcription termination step. Regulates negatively DNA replication. Not only involved in transcription-related chromatin remodeling, but also required to maintain a specific chromatin configuration across the genome (By similarity). Involv [...] (1900 aa)
ash1Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ash1; Trithorax group (TrxG) protein that has histone methyltransferase activity. Specifically trimethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. TrxG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally active state of homeotic genes throughout development. Does not act as a coactivator required for transcriptional activation, but specifically prevents inappropriate Polycomb Group (PcG) silencing of homeotic genes in cells in which they must stay transcriptionally active. Belongs to t [...] (2226 aa)
LamLamin Dm0; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. May have a role in the localization of the LEM domain proteins Ote, bocks and MAN1 to the nuclear membrane. In spermatocytes, plays a role in maintaining type-A lamin LamC nuclear localization; regulates meiotic cytokinesis by maintaining the structure of the spindle envelope, and by contributing to the formation of the contractile ring and central spindle. (622 aa)
lawcLeg arista wing complex, isoform A. (73 aa)
HP1bHeterochromatin Protein 1b (HP1b) encodes a chromatin binding protein that negatively regulates transcription and heterochromatin formation. (240 aa)
lwrLesswright (lwr) encodes Ubc9, a SUMO conjugating enzyme that accepts SUMO from the SUMO activating enzyme and hands it off to the SUMO conjugation target. It has documented biological functions in innate immunity, meiosis, and anterior patterning of the embryo. (159 aa)
Su(var)3-9Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Su(var)3-9; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 using monomethylated H3 'Lys-9' as substrate. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting Su(var)205/HP1 to methylated histones. Mainly functions in heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin at pericentric regions. Involved in heterochromatic gene silencing including the modification of position-effect-variegation. Belongs to the cl [...] (635 aa)
bonBonus, isoform C; Bonus (bon) encodes a nuclear receptor cofactor involved in axon guidance and chromatin organization. (1207 aa)
brmATP-dependent helicase brm; Transcriptional regulator. Acts as a coactivator, assisting one or more dedicated transcriptional activators of ANTC and BXC homeotic gene clusters. Can counteract the repressive effect of Polycomb protein. ATPase subunit of the Brahma complex, a multiprotein complex which is the equivalent of the yeast SWI/SNF complex and acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. This complex can both serve as a transcriptional coactivator or corepressor, depending on the context. In type II neuroblast li [...] (1658 aa)
PSRBifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase PSR; Dioxygenase that can both act as a histone arginine demethylase and a lysyl-hydroxylase. (441 aa)
E2f1Transcription factor E2f1; Transcriptional activator that binds to E2f sites. Required for wild-type growth in mitotic and polytene tissues, Contributes to the expression of replication genes at the G1-S transition and Cyclin E. Activates cell proliferation in wing imaginal disk, which requires expression of vg; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (821 aa)
psqPipsqueak, isoform M; Pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. (1123 aa)
Psf2Probable DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2; The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication; Belongs to the GINS2/PSF2 family. (203 aa)
dpyDumpy, isoform Q; Dumpy (dpy) encodes an extracellular protein involved in epidermal-cuticle attachment, aposition of wing surfaces and trachea development. (22949 aa)
stiNon-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; Sticky (sti) encodes a member of the AGC family of kinases that functions to regulate both actin-myosin-mediated cytokinesis and epigenetic gene silencing. (1858 aa)
JIL-1Chromosomal serine/threonine-protein kinase JIL-1; Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3. May regulate gene expression by establishing or maintaining the structure of more open chromatin regions. Also required for normal polytene chromosome structure, for oogenesis and for viability throughout development. Regulates the structure of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands. May phosphorylate 'Ser-1' of histone H2A. (1207 aa)
AsxPolycomb protein Asx; Atypical Polycomb group protein, which may be involved in both Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) complexes. Non- catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. PcG and trxG proteins act b [...] (1670 aa)
TrlTranscription factor GAGA; Transcriptional activator that functions by regulating chromatin structure. Overcomes the repressive effects of chromatin by promoting the open chromatin conformation in promoter gene regions, thereby allowing access to other transcription factors. Binds to DNA Polycomb response elements (PREs) at the bithorax complex and to the proximal region of the engrailed promoter, and positively regulates transcription of many genes including homeotic ones. Binds to the DNA sequence (GA)n, with optimal binding to the pentamer 5'-GAGAG-3'. Binds DNA as an oligomer. May [...] (623 aa)
His2AvHistone H2A.v; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Acts as a Polycomb group (PcG) protein required to maintain the transcriptionally repre [...] (141 aa)
Ada3Transcriptional Adaptor 3 (Ada3) encodes subunit of some chromatin modifying complexes. (588 aa)
washWASH complex subunit 1; Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor by activating the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. Participates in both linear- and branched-actin networks. Functions in linear-filament (bundled F-actin) by acting downstream of Rho1 and regulating actin and microtubule organization during oogenesis. Nucleates actin in an Arp2/3-dependent manner and exhibits F-actin and microtubule bundling and cross-linking activity in the egg chamber. During embryogenesis, acts downstream of Rho1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex which is necessary for the developmental migrat [...] (499 aa)
barrCondensin complex subunit 2; Barren (barr) encodes a chromatin binding protein involved in chromatin condensation. It regulates Malpighian tubule development and epithelial morphogenesis. (735 aa)
ltVacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog; Light (lt) encodes a cellular-protein trafficking protein that forms part of the homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complexes. It is required for fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, endocytic down-regulation of Notch signaling, and eye pigment biogenesis; Belongs to the VPS41 family. (841 aa)
Bin1Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18; Involved in the tethering of the SIN3 complex to core histone proteins. Interacts with bicoid (bcd) to repress transcription of bicoid target genes in the anterior tip of the embryo; a process known as retraction. Interacts with Trl and binds to Polycomb response elements at the bithorax complex. May contribute to the regulation of other homeotic gene expressions. (150 aa)
waplWings apart-like (wapl) encodes a protein that interacts with the product of pds5 to form the releasin complex that enables sister chromatid separation at mitosis by removing the cohesin ring complex from chromosomes. It also influences gene activation and silencing through interactions with cohesin. (1741 aa)
notUbiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase nonstop; Histone deubiquitinating component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. Catalyzes the deubiquitination of histone H2B, thereby acting as a coactivator in a large subset of genes. Required to counteract heterochromatin silencing. Controls the development of neuronal connectivity in visual system by being required for accurate axon targeting in the optic lobe. Required for expression of ecdysone-induced genes such as br/broad. Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. UBP8 subfamily. (496 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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