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| | gpp | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-79' of histone H3. Required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and trithorax Group (trxG) maintenance of expression. Also involved in telomeric silencing but do not in centric heterochromatin. Probably participates in pairing sensitivity. (2137 aa) |
| | mrt | Martik, isoform A; Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: gene silencing; regulation of chromatin organization. (775 aa) |
| | Nap1 | Nucleosome assembly protein 1 (Nap1) encodes a core histone chaperone involved in histone nuclear transfer and chromatin assembly. (370 aa) |
| | ash1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ash1; Trithorax group (TrxG) protein that has histone methyltransferase activity. Specifically trimethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. TrxG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally active state of homeotic genes throughout development. Does not act as a coactivator required for transcriptional activation, but specifically prevents inappropriate Polycomb Group (PcG) silencing of homeotic genes in cells in which they must stay transcriptionally active. Belongs to t [...] (2226 aa) |
| | Lam | Lamin Dm0; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. May have a role in the localization of the LEM domain proteins Ote, bocks and MAN1 to the nuclear membrane. In spermatocytes, plays a role in maintaining type-A lamin LamC nuclear localization; regulates meiotic cytokinesis by maintaining the structure of the spindle envelope, and by contributing to the formation of the contractile ring and central spindle. (622 aa) |
| | Fmr1 | Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of protein synthesis of mRNAs. Plays a role as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs. Represses translation of the microtubule-associated protein futsch mRNA to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function. May also be involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational suppression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for stability of the central pair of microtubule [...] (729 aa) |
| | Su(var)3-9 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Su(var)3-9; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 using monomethylated H3 'Lys-9' as substrate. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting Su(var)205/HP1 to methylated histones. Mainly functions in heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin at pericentric regions. Involved in heterochromatic gene silencing including the modification of position-effect-variegation. Belongs to the cl [...] (635 aa) |
| | Kdm4B | Probable lysine-specific demethylase 4B; Probable histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-36' residues of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate (By similarity). (717 aa) |
| | Pcl | Polycomb protein Pcl; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' residues of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that the recruitme [...] (1043 aa) |
| | bon | Bonus, isoform C; Bonus (bon) encodes a nuclear receptor cofactor involved in axon guidance and chromatin organization. (1207 aa) |
| | MTA1-like | Metastasis associated 1-like, isoform D; It is involved in the biological process described with: chromosome condensation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing; histone deacetylation. (922 aa) |
| | Su(z)2 | Suppressor of zeste 2 (Su(z)2) encodes a protein that regulates gene expression by modifying epigenetic marks. The gene is related to Psc and was orginally identified due to its ability to suppress transvection at z. (1396 aa) |
| | E(Pc) | Enhancer of Polycomb (E(Pc)) encodes a chromatin protein that functions as a suppressor of position-effect variegation. An unusual member of the Polycomb group; it does not exhibit homeotic transformations on its own, but rather enhances mutations in other Polycomb group genes. It forms part of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex, which has been involved in many processes, including both transcriptional activation and repression. (2097 aa) |
| | Ldh | Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) encodes a protein involved in myoblast fusion and somatic muscle development; Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family. (332 aa) |
| | dpy | Dumpy, isoform Q; Dumpy (dpy) encodes an extracellular protein involved in epidermal-cuticle attachment, aposition of wing surfaces and trachea development. (22949 aa) |
| | chm | Chameau (chm) encodes a histone acetyl transferase involved in epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional control and regulation of replication origin activity. Its functions include modulation of JNK activity and gene regulation by Polycomb group genes; Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (811 aa) |
| | sti | Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; Sticky (sti) encodes a member of the AGC family of kinases that functions to regulate both actin-myosin-mediated cytokinesis and epigenetic gene silencing. (1858 aa) |
| | JIL-1 | Chromosomal serine/threonine-protein kinase JIL-1; Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3. May regulate gene expression by establishing or maintaining the structure of more open chromatin regions. Also required for normal polytene chromosome structure, for oogenesis and for viability throughout development. Regulates the structure of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands. May phosphorylate 'Ser-1' of histone H2A. (1207 aa) |
| | Asx | Polycomb protein Asx; Atypical Polycomb group protein, which may be involved in both Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) complexes. Non- catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. PcG and trxG proteins act b [...] (1670 aa) |
| | Hers | Histone gene-specific epigenetic repressor in late S phase, isoform A; Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; chromatin binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: chromatin silencing; chromatin remodeling. (2529 aa) |
| | stwl | Stonewall, isoform A; Stonewall (stwl) encodes a protein that is associated with heterochromatin and modifies levels of trimethylated H3K27 and H3K9. stwl product is required for maintenance of female germline stem cells and for survival of genotoxic stress induced by DNA replication inhibition. (1037 aa) |
| | upSET | UpSET, isoform A; upSET (upSET) encodes a Polycomb/Trithorax-type global transcriptional regulator. It is recruited to active and inducible genes where it restricts chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation to promoter regions. upSET loss produces female sterility. (3146 aa) |
| | LamC | Lamin-C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin (By similarity). In spermatocytes, regulates cytokinesis during meiosis. (640 aa) |
| | MRG15 | NuA4 complex subunit EAF3 homolog; Part of the Tip60 chromatin-remodeling complex which is involved in DNA repair. Upon induction of DNA double-strand breaks, this complex acetylates phosphorylated H2AV in nucleosomes and exchanges it with unmodified H2AV. (429 aa) |
| | E(z) | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase E(z); Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting [...] (765 aa) |
| | RpLP0 | 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0; Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family. (317 aa) |
| | e(y)3 | Enhancer of yellow 3 (e(y)3) encodes a nuclear protein required for embryogenesis and oogenesis. It participates in gene activation in euchromatin as a component of both the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and the TFIID transcription coactivator. It also contributes to gene silencing in pericentric heterochromatin and is also a coactivator in the JAK/STAT pathway. (2012 aa) |
| | His2Av | Histone H2A.v; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Acts as a Polycomb group (PcG) protein required to maintain the transcriptionally repre [...] (141 aa) |
| | MBD-like | Methyl-CpG binding domain protein-like (MBD-like) encodes a protein involved in chromosome condensation and transcription repression. (340 aa) |
| | htt | Huntington disease protein homolog; Huntingtin (htt) encodes a scaffold protein involved in mitotic spindle orientation, chromatin regulation and axonal transport. It is the ortholog of human HTT and has been manipulated to study Huntington's disease in flies. (3583 aa) |
| | Atf-2 | Activating transcription factor-2 (Atf-2) encodes a trancription factor required for heterochromatin assembly. It is involved in stress response and fat metabolism regulation. (381 aa) |
| | wash | WASH complex subunit 1; Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor by activating the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. Participates in both linear- and branched-actin networks. Functions in linear-filament (bundled F-actin) by acting downstream of Rho1 and regulating actin and microtubule organization during oogenesis. Nucleates actin in an Arp2/3-dependent manner and exhibits F-actin and microtubule bundling and cross-linking activity in the egg chamber. During embryogenesis, acts downstream of Rho1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex which is necessary for the developmental migrat [...] (499 aa) |
| | dom | Helicase domino; Mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of unmodified histone H2AV for its phosphorylated and acetylated form H2AVK5acS138ph, leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Involved in Notch signaling. Represses E2F target genes. Required for somatic stem cell self-renewal but not for germline stem cell self-renewal. Involved in oogenesis. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily. (3233 aa) |
| | barr | Condensin complex subunit 2; Barren (barr) encodes a chromatin binding protein involved in chromatin condensation. It regulates Malpighian tubule development and epithelial morphogenesis. (735 aa) |
| | lt | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog; Light (lt) encodes a cellular-protein trafficking protein that forms part of the homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complexes. It is required for fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, endocytic down-regulation of Notch signaling, and eye pigment biogenesis; Belongs to the VPS41 family. (841 aa) |
| | wapl | Wings apart-like (wapl) encodes a protein that interacts with the product of pds5 to form the releasin complex that enables sister chromatid separation at mitosis by removing the cohesin ring complex from chromosomes. It also influences gene activation and silencing through interactions with cohesin. (1741 aa) |
| | JHDM2 | JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 2 (JHDM2) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from the lysine 9 of the product of His3, and thereby promotes an open chromatin structure. (854 aa) |
| | E2f1 | Transcription factor E2f1; Transcriptional activator that binds to E2f sites. Required for wild-type growth in mitotic and polytene tissues, Contributes to the expression of replication genes at the G1-S transition and Cyclin E. Activates cell proliferation in wing imaginal disk, which requires expression of vg; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (821 aa) |
| | Dp1 | Dodeca-satellite-binding protein 1 (Dp1) encodes a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that belongs to the vigilin protein family. It binds to target mRNAs and enhances their translation. (1301 aa) |
| | Psc | Polycomb group protein Psc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Needed to maintain e [...] (1601 aa) |
| | not | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase nonstop; Histone deubiquitinating component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. Catalyzes the deubiquitination of histone H2B, thereby acting as a coactivator in a large subset of genes. Required to counteract heterochromatin silencing. Controls the development of neuronal connectivity in visual system by being required for accurate axon targeting in the optic lobe. Required for expression of ecdysone-induced genes such as br/broad. Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. UBP8 subfamily. (496 aa) |
| | CG8677 | Uncharacterized protein, isoform B; CG8677 encodes a protein that dimerizes with the product of Iswi to form a chromatin remodeling factor RSF (remodeling and spacing factor). RSF is involved in silent chromatin formation via replacement of the product of His2Av. (2663 aa) |
| | bin3 | Probable RNA methyltransferase bin3; S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that adds a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA, leading to stabilize it (Probable). Required for dorso-ventral patterning in oogenesis and for anterior-posterior pattern formation during embryogenesis, possibly by binding and stabilizing 7SK RNA, thereby promoting formation of a repressive RNA-protein complex. (1367 aa) |
| | ova | RE35195p; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. (623 aa) |
| | Etl1 | Etl1; DNA helicase that possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity and is both required for DNA repair and heterochromatin organization. Promotes DNA end resection of double- strand breaks (DSBs) following DNA damage: probably acts by weakening histone DNA interactions in nucleosomes flanking DSBs (By similarity). (844 aa) |
| | Hnf4 | Transcription factor HNF-4 homolog; Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4) encodes a protein that regulates lipid mobilization and fatty acid beta-oxidation during larval stages. Its expression increases greatly at the onset of adulthood when it promotes glucose-stimulated ILP secretion from the insulin-producing cells, maintains glucose homeostasis, and supports mitochondrial function; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (732 aa) |
| | Su(var)205 | Heterochromatin protein 1; Structural component of heterochromatin, involved in gene repression and the modification of position-effect-variegation. Recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression. (206 aa) |
| | r2d2 | R2d2, isoform A; R2d2 (r2d2) encodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein. It interacts with the product of Dcr-2 to form the core of RISC loading complex, which recruits duplex siRNA to the RISC. (311 aa) |
| | Gas41 | LD16161p; Gas41 (Gas41) encodes a protein that contributes to histone acetylation and is involved in chromatin organization and RNA interference. (227 aa) |
| | Hel25E | ATP-dependent RNA helicase WM6; Required for mRNA export out of the nucleus. Probable RNA helicase that may regulate entry into mitosis by down-regulating the expression of other genes whose activity may be rate-limiting for entry into mitosis during embryogenesis. Binds to salivary gland chromosomes and modifies position effect variegation. Promotes an open chromatin structure that favors transcription during development by regulating the spread of heterochromatin. (424 aa) |
| | Rga | Regulator of gene activity; Component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. Additional complex functions may be a consequence of its influence on mRNA expression. Essential for viability. Acts as a suppressor of position effect variegation (PEV) at the white locus and regulates the expression of several unrelated genes. (585 aa) |
| | Snr1 | Snf5-related 1 (Snr1) encodes a core component of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex (Brahma complex). It functions as a tumor suppressor and is required for maintaining normal endosomal trafficking-mediated signaling cascades; Belongs to the SNF5 family. (370 aa) |
| | Pc | Polycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa) |
| | pzg | Putzig, isoform A; Putzig (pzg) encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in chromatin activation of replication related genes and signalling pathways including Notch, Ecdysone and JAK/STAT. It regulates growth, cell death and various developmental processes. (996 aa) |
| | blanks | GH28067p; Blanks (blanks) encodes a nuclear siRNA binding protein expressed in spermatocytes. It contributes to sperm individualization and chromatin silencing regulation. (324 aa) |
| | Eaf6 | Esa1-associated factor 6; Histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific). (225 aa) |
| | msl-3 | Protein male-specific lethal-3; Male-specific lethal 3 (msl-3) encodes a chromodomain protein, reported to interact with H3K36me3, H4K20me1 and DNA. It is a member of the Male-Specific-Lethal dosage compensation complex, which increases male X chromosome transcription approximately two-fold. Homozygous mutant males die as larvae, while females are viable. (512 aa) |
| | CTCF | GH14774p; CTCF (CTCF) encodes a ubiquitous transcription factor that binds to insulators and domain boundaries. It mediates insulator function and blocks enhancers by binding to the product of Cp190. It contributes to long-range chromatin interaction, organizes chromatin domain boundaries and coordinates nuclear architecture. (818 aa) |
| | HP4 | Heterochromatin protein 4 (HP4) encodes a component of classical heterochromatin that is involved in gene silencing by heterochromatin. (106 aa) |
| | Jarid2 | Jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2 (Jarid2) encodes a nuclear protein that functions as a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. It functions as a scaffold for the recruitment of various complexes, including Polycomb repressive complex 2. It is involved in intestinal stem proliferation and differentiation. (2351 aa) |
| | SuUR | Protein suppressor of underreplication; Required for underreplication of DNA, which is found in many late replicating euchromatic regions of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Functions by promoting the localization and retention of Rif1 to active DNA replication forks where Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression. Controls chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes. (962 aa) |
| | AGO2 | Protein argonaute-2; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger; Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily. (1217 aa) |
| | rept | RuvB-like helicase 2; Acts as a transcriptional coactivator in Wg signaling caused by altered arm signaling. Pont and rept interfere antagonistically with nuclear arm signaling function, and are required to enhance or reduce arm activity, respectively. Also an essential cofactor for the normal function of Myc; required for cellular proliferation and growth. (481 aa) |
| | asf1 | Histone chaperone asf1; Histone chaperone that facilitates histone deposition and histone exchange and removal during nucleosome assembly and disassembly. Cooperates with chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) to promote replication-dependent chromatin assembly. Plays a role in the formation of silent heterochromatin. (218 aa) |
| | Su(z)12 | Polycomb protein Su(z)12; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that [...] (900 aa) |
| | Su(var)3-3 | Possible lysine-specific histone demethylase 1; Probable histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, thereby acting as a corepressor. Required for heterochromatic gene silencing. Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed. Demethylates both mono- and tri-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3. May also demethylate 'Lys-9' of histone H3, Plays a role in the repression of neuronal genes; Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (890 aa) |
| | Bap60 | Brahma-associated protein of 60 kDa; Involved in the recruitment and site-specific anchoring of the Brahma complex at specific promoter sites. The Brahma complex is a multiprotein complex which is the equivalent of the yeast SWI/SNF complex and acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. This complex can both serve as a transcriptional coactivator or corepressor, depending on the context. Participates in X-chromosomal dosage compensation. Participates in neurogenesis. (515 aa) |
| | HP5 | Heterochromatin protein 5, isoform B; Heterochromatin protein 5 (HP5) encodes a component of classical heterochromatin that is involved in gene silencing by heterochromatin. (837 aa) |
| | HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase HDAC1; Catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N- terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation may constitute a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. For instance, deacetylation of histone H3 may be a prerequisite for the subsequent recruitment of the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9 to histones. Involved in position-effect variegation (PEV). In the larval brain, part of a regulatory network including the transcript [...] (521 aa) |
| | Caf1-180 | Chromatin assembly factor 1, p180 subunit (Caf1-180) encodes a component of the chromatin assembly factor-1, which couples DNA replication to histone deposition. The product of Caf1-180 is involved in nucleosome organization, DNA endoduplication and double-strand DNA break repair. (1183 aa) |
| | sov | Small ovary, isoform A; Nucleic acid binding. (3313 aa) |
| | snf | U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A; Binds stem loop II of U1 snRNA. It is the first snRNP to interact with pre-mRNA. This interaction is required for the subsequent binding of U2 snRNP and the U4/U6/U5 tri-snRNP (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating sex-lethal splicing; Belongs to the RRM U1 A/B'' family. (216 aa) |
| | NO66 | Bifunctional lysine-specific demethylase and histidyl-hydroxylase NO66; Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. Specifically demethylates 'Lys- 4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code (By similarity); Belongs to the ROX family. NO66 subfamily. (653 aa) |
| | crm | Protein cramped; Polycomb group (Pc-G) genes are needed to maintain expression patterns of the homeotic selector genes of the Antennapedia (Antp-C) and Bithorax (Bx-C) complexes, and hence for the maintenance of segmental determination. Can act as a modifier of position effect variegation (PEV); Belongs to the cramped family. (982 aa) |
| | w | White (w) encodes a member of the ABCG2 class of transporters, transporting molecules such as cyclic GMP, biogenic amines and pigments including drosopterins and ommochromes. Mutation of w results in viable flies with white eyes. A shortened version of the gene (mini-w) has been widely used in transformation constructs as a selectable marker. (687 aa) |
| | ph-p | Polyhomeotic-proximal chromatin protein; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Plays a [...] (1589 aa) |
| | Hmt4-20 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Suv4-20; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-20' of histone H4. H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Mainly functions in pericentric heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin in these regions. Acts as a dominant suppressor of position-effect variegation; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar4-20 subfamily. (1300 aa) |
| | crol | Crooked legs (crol) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis. It regulates wg transcription and cell cycle progression in the wing. Its over-expression in the eye accelerates the cell cycle and de-represses silenced genes. (962 aa) |
| | Sam-S | S-adenosylmethionine synthase; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (408 aa) |
| | Mt2 | Methyltransferase 2 (Mt2) encodes a (cytosine-5) tRNA methyltransferase. The modification protects tRNAs against endonucleolytic cleavage and contributes to stress resistance, protein translation and small RNA-mediated gene regulation; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (345 aa) |
| | nub | Protein nubbin; DNA-binding regulatory protein implicated in early development. Involved in neuronal cell fate decision. Repressed directly or indirectly by the BX-C homeotic proteins. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-2 subfamily. (961 aa) |
| | egg | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase eggless; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 in ovary. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting Su(var)205/HP1 to methylated histones. Plays a central role during oogenesis; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (1262 aa) |
| | Haspin | Putative serine/threonine-protein kinase haspin homolog; Histone kinase activity (H3-T3 specific); ATP binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: intracellular signal transduction; mitotic cell cycle; protein phosphorylation. (566 aa) |
| | Cap-G | Chromosome associated protein G (Cap-G) encodes a component of the condensin I complex, necessary for accurate mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation. (1351 aa) |
| | Tlk | Tousled-like kinase, isoform G; Tousled-like kinase (Tlk) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that acts in a cell cycle-dependent manner. It contributes to cell morphogenesis, cell migration and cell death through interactions with chromatin components. (1489 aa) |
| | kis | Kismet, isoform C; Kismet (kis) encodes a chromodomain containing ATP-dependent transcription factor that controls gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. The roles of the product of kis include developmental patterning of the embryo, cell proliferation, eye development, synaptic transmission, axonal pruning, and memory. (5517 aa) |
| | JMJD5 | Jumonji domain containing 5, isoform B; 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity; chromatin binding; histone demethylase activity (H3-K36 specific). It is involved in the biological process described with: G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; histone H3-K36 demethylation. (401 aa) |
| | Pol32 | DNA polymerase delta subunit 3; Accessory component of the DNA polymerase delta complex and possibly the DNA polymerase zeta complex (By similarity). As a component of the delta complex, participates in high fidelity genome replication, including lagging strand synthesis, DNA recombination and repair. Required to recruit the DNA polymerase delta complex to the nucleus of rapidly dividing embryonic cells, and as a consequence is essential for genome replication during the earliest cell cycles. Increases the efficiency and processivity of DNA synthesis of the DNA polymerases during mitot [...] (431 aa) |
| | Kdm4A | Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4A (Kdm4A) encodes a histone lysine demethylase that catalyzes removal of methyl groups using alpha-ketoglutarate as a cofactor. It demethylates H3K36me3 and is implicated in the demethylation of H3K9me3 and H3K56me3. Its roles include transcription, DNA repair, and heterochromatin silencing. (495 aa) |
| | Su(var)2-10 | Suppressor of variegation 2-10 (Su(var)2-10) encodes a member of the PIAS protein family that regulates chromosome structure and function. As a JAK/STAT pathway regulator, it contributes to eye formation and eye determination. (640 aa) |
| | ADD1 | ADD domain-containing protein 1 (ADD1) encodes a strong Heterochromatin Protein 1 interactor that interacts with methylated H3K9 silencing marks in heterochromatin. (1199 aa) |
| | Orc3 | Origin recognition complex subunit 3 (Orc3) encodes a subunit of the origin recognition complex. It is involved in DNA replication initiation and border follicle cell migration regulation. (721 aa) |
| | fl(2)d | Pre-mRNA-splicing regulator female-lethal(2)D; Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and is required for sex determination. Required for sex determination and dosage compensation via Sxl alternative splicing: m6A methylation acts as a key regulator of Sxl pre-mRNA and promotes female-specific alternative splicing of Sxl, which determines female physiognomy. M6A methylation is also required for neuronal functions. Required for proper inclusion of [...] (536 aa) |
| | Su(var)2-HP2 | Su(Var)2-HP2, isoform A; Su(var)2-HP2 (Su(var)2-HP2) encodes a chromosomal protein that interacts with the product of Su(var)205 and is found most closely associated with centromeric heterochromatin, telomeres and the fourth chromosome. Lack of Su(var)2-HP2 can cause mitotic abnormalities and suppress position-effect variegation. (3257 aa) |
| | BEAF-32 | Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD (BEAF-32) encodes a DNA-binding protein with binding sites near transcription start sites. Its roles include chromatin domain insulator function, gene regulation and genome organization. (283 aa) |
| | Khc | Kinesin heavy chain; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily. (975 aa) |
| | Bap55 | Brahma associated protein 55kD (Bap55) encodes a member of two chromatin remodeling complexes. As part of the Brahma complex, it is needed for cell growth and survival in the wing imaginal disc; as a member of the TIP60 complex, it is thought to regulate dendrite wiring specificity in olfactory projection neurons; Belongs to the actin family. (425 aa) |
| | Lhr | Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) encodes a protein required to repress transposable element and satellite DNA expression. It also has a gain-of-function phenotype of causing lethality in F1 male hybrids between D. melanogaster and D. simulans. (334 aa) |
| | Dcr-2 | Dicer-2, isoform A; Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) encodes a member of the RNase III family of double-stranded RNA-specific endonucleases. It acts in the RNAi pathway by cutting long dsRNA into siRNAs. It helps defend flies against viral infection, particularly RNA viruses. It also processes long, partially double-stranded endogenous transcripts (hairpin RNAs) into endo-siRNAs. (1722 aa) |
| | PCNA | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Likely to be an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta complex and is probably involved in the control of DNA replication and repair by increasing the polymerase's processibility. Belongs to the PCNA family. (260 aa) |
| | His1:CG31617 | Histone H1; Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures. (256 aa) |
| | mod | DNA-binding protein modulo; Its capacity to bind DNA and protein(s), and its differential expression during development suggest a role in the regulation of gene expression during Drosophila development. It could, in interaction with other factors, be required for the translation of instructions provided by pattern forming genes and controls, via chromatin changes, the activity of genes critical for the process of morphogenesis of several embryonic territories. (542 aa) |
| | Acf | ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor large subunit (Acf) encodes a common subunit of two ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes: the ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF) and the chromatin accessibility omplex. In these complexes the product of Acf interacts with the ATPase encoded by Iswi and modulates its nucleosome sliding activity, which affects the regularity of nucleosomal arrays and their precise spacing. The ACF complex has also been found to promote nucleosome assembly. (1476 aa) |
| | Sce | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-118' of histone H2A, thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2A 'Lys-118' ubiquitination gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. PcG [...] (435 aa) |
| | XNP | Transcriptional regulator ATRX homolog; XNP (XNP) encodes two protein isoforms that participate in the maintenance of heterochromatin and chromosomal stability. They interact with heterochromatin proteins such as those encoded by Su(var)205 and ADD1; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (1311 aa) |
| | vig2 | Vig2, isoform B; Vig2 (vig2) encodes a protein involved in heterochromatin organization, histone H3-K9 methylation and chromatin silencing regulation. (443 aa) |
| | cav | Telomere-binding protein cav; Caravaggio (cav) is a fast evolving gene that encodes HP1/ORC Associated Protein (HOAP). HOAP is a DNA binding protein strongly enriched at chromosome ends and required for telomere capping. (345 aa) |
| | Dcr-1 | Endoribonuclease Dcr-1; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger. May carry out the initiation step of RNAi by cleaving dsRNA to produce 22 bp dsRNAs (siRNAs) which target the selective destruction of homologous RNAs. During embryogenesis, involved in germline fate determination; Belongs to the helicase family. Dicer subfamily. (2249 aa) |
| | mod(mdg4) | Modifier of mdg4; Component of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex which is required for the function of the gypsy chromatin insulator and other endogenous chromatin insulators. Chromatin insulators are regulatory elements which establish independent domains of transcriptional activity within eukaryotic genomes. Insulators have two defining properties; they can block the communication between an enhancer and a promoter when placed between them and can also buffer transgenes from position effect variegation (PEV). Insulators are proposed to structure the chromatin fiber into independe [...] (610 aa) |
| | Odj | LD33778p; DNA binding; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing. (430 aa) |
| | spn-E | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase spindle-E; Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during spermatogenesis and oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Involved in the repression of LTR retrotransposon copia. Also involved in telomere regulation by repres [...] (1434 aa) |
| | Hsc70-4 | Heat shock protein cognate 4 (Hsc70-4) encodes a protein involved in protein folding. It contributes to clathrin-mediated endocytosis, neurotransmitter exocytosis and RNAi response. (651 aa) |
| | trx | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase trithorax; Histone methyltransferase that trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me3). H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Functions in segment determination through interaction with genes of bithorax (BX-C) and antennapedia (ANT-C) complexes. Acts as an activator of BX-C. Involved in the very early regulation of homeotic genes expressed only in the posterior region of the embryo. (3726 aa) |
| | PR-Set7 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PR-Set7; Histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates 'Lys-20' of histone H4. H4 'Lys-20' monomethylation is enriched during mitosis and represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Mainly functions in euchromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the silencing of euchromatic genes. Required for cell proliferation, possibly by contributing to the maintenance of proper higher-order structure of DNA and chromosome condensation during mitosis; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfa [...] (691 aa) |
| | Orc2 | Origin recognition complex subunit 2; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication. (618 aa) |
| | Ace | Acetylcholinesterase 16 kDa subunit; Acetylcholine esterase (Ace) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to acetate and choline, thus resetting the neurotransmission mechanism at neuromuscular junctions; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (649 aa) |
| | Su(var)3-7 | Suppressor of variegation 3-7 (Su(var)3-7) encodes a protein associated with heterochromatin. Increasing the amount of the product of Su(var)3-7 triggers heterochromatin expansion and epigenetic gene silencing. (1250 aa) |
| | Pp1-87B | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase alpha-2 isoform; Is essential for the regulation of mitotic chromosomal segregation as well as regulation of chromatin condensation during interphase; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (302 aa) |
| | jumu | Jumeau (jumu) encodes a multi-functional transcription factor that acts upstream of a Polo-kinase dependent pathway in one report. Its roles include asymmetric protein localization, chromatin modification, dendrite formation and organ (eye, wing and bristle) development. (719 aa) |
| | pont | RuvB-like helicase 1; Acts as a transcriptional coactivator in Wg signaling caused by altered arm signaling. Pont and rept interfere antagonistically with nuclear arm signaling function, and are required to enhance or reduce arm activity, respectively. Also an essential cofactor for the normal function of Myc; required for cellular proliferation and growth. (456 aa) |
| | Invadolysin | Leishmanolysin-like peptidase; Invadolysin (Invadolysin) encodes a metalloprotease that is required for mitosis, cell migration and mitochondrial function. (683 aa) |
| | Scm | Polycomb protein Scm; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility; Belongs to the SCM family. (877 aa) |
| | E(var)3-9 | Enhancer of variegation 3-9; Nucleic acid binding; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of gene expression; chromatin maintenance. (588 aa) |
| | puc | Puckered, isoform A; Puckered (puc) encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that mediates a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway. (476 aa) |
| | Mcm10 | Protein MCM10 homolog; Proposed to be involved in DNA replication and to participate in the activation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC). May be involved in chromosome condensation. (776 aa) |
| | glu | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein; Gluon (glu) encodes a subunit of the multiprotein complex condensin that is required for chromosome condensation and sister chromatid segregation. It contributes to nervous system development and glucose metabolism. (1409 aa) |
| | vig | Vasa intronic gene (vig) encodes a protein involved in RNA interference and heterochromatin organization. (490 aa) |
| | Sirt1 | NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent histone deacetylase involved in heterochromatic silencing. Mildly suppresses the heterochromatin-mediated silencing phenomenon known as position-effect variegation (PEV). Required for epigenetic silencing of the polycomb group proteins. Has histone H4 deacetylase activity in vitro. Required maternally for establishing proper segmentation of the embryo. Involved in sex determination. May be involved in the regulation of life span. (823 aa) |
| | abo | Abnormal oocyte (abo) encodes a negative regulator of histone transcription genes by its binding to their regulatory regions. abo mutations cause a maternal-effect lethality that can be rescued by specific regions of heterochromatin during early embryogenesis. (539 aa) |
| | piwi | Protein piwi; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovarian somatic cells, mediates silencing of transposable elements at the transcriptional level in a mael-dependent manner. [...] (843 aa) |
| | aub | Protein aubergine; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovary, associates predominantly with antisense piRNAs that contain uridine at their 5' end. In testis, associates with [...] (866 aa) |
