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| | CadN | Neural-cadherin; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. May associate with arm neural isoform and participate in the transmission of developmental information. (3101 aa) |
| | Myb | Myb protein; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes the sequence 5'-YAAC[GT]G-3'. Component of the DREAM complex, a multiprotein complex that can both act as a transcription activator or repressor depending on the context. In follicle cells, the complex plays a central role in the site-specific DNA replication at the chorion loci. During development, the complex represses transcription of developmentally controlled E2F target genes. (657 aa) |
| | Galphao | G protein alpha o subunit (Galphao) encodes the most abundant G protein in the nervous tissue and is involved in signaling by a variety of GPCRs. It contributes to heart development, axonogenesis, neuro-muscular junction formation, asymmetric cell division, planar cell polarity, blood-brain barrier establishment, Wnt signaling, and gustatory and olfactory sensory perception; Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily. (354 aa) |
| | arm | Armadillo segment polarity protein; Isoform neural may associate with CadN and participate in the transmission of developmental information. Can associate with alpha- catenin. Isoform cytoplasmic accumulates through wg signaling; arm function in wg signal transduction is required early in development for determination of neuroblast fate. Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis. Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (843 aa) |
| | pnt | ETS-like protein pointed; ETS transcription factor with a prominent role during development of the eye and the nervous system. Required for glial- neuronal cell interactions at the ventral midline which are necessary for the proper elaboration of commissures in the embryonic CNS. [Isoform P1]: Required for normal EGFR-induced photoreceptor development. Following transcriptional activation by isoform P2, acts as a constitutive activator of transcription, leading to induction of target genes essential for photoreceptor development. In larval brains, involved in the maintenance of type II [...] (718 aa) |
| | ptc | Protein patched; Segmentation polarity protein. Acts as a receptor for the hedgehog protein (HH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog signal leading to the activation of wingless, decapentaplegic and patched itself. Participates in cell interactions that establish pattern within the segment and the imaginal disks during development. In the absence of HH, represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (FU). (1286 aa) |
| | pk | Protein prickle; Acts in a planar cell polarity (PCP) complex; polarization along the apical/basal axis of epithelial cells. Correct expression of the alternative isoforms is required for PCP signaling in imaginal disks. PCP signaling in the wing disk requires the receptor fz and the cytoplasmic proteins dsh and pk. These act in a feedback loop leading to activation of the jnk cascade and subsequent polarized arrangement of hairs and bristles. Dgo and pk compete with one another for dsh binding, thereby modulating fz dsh activity and ensuring tight control over fz PCP signaling. Vang, [...] (1299 aa) |
| | Vps25 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). Seems to function as a tumor suppressor by regulating Notch trafficking, hence preventing non-autonomous overproliferation. May be invo [...] (174 aa) |
| | Ggamma1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma-1; G protein gamma 1 (Ggamma1) encodes a protein involved in the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. Ggamma1-product regulates actomyosin dynamics and contributes to heart morphogenesis, asymmetric neuroblast division and convergent extension movements during gastrulation. (70 aa) |
| | eve | Segmentation protein even-skipped; May play a role in determining neuronal identity. May be directly involved in specifying identity of individual neurons. Pair- rule protein required for segmentation; involved in transforming the broad, spatial, aperiodic expression patterns of the gap genes into a system of precise periodic expression patterns of the pair-rule and segmentary polarity genes; Belongs to the even-skipped homeobox family. (376 aa) |
| | Vhl | Protein Vhl; Involved in development of tracheal vasculature. Probably involved in halting cell migration at the end of vascular tube outgrowth. Possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity when in complex with Elongin BC complex, Cul2 and Rox1a/Rbx1, and can target sima/Hif1a for ubiquitination. May play a critical role in promoting microtubule stabilization when tubulins are correctly folded by the prefoldin complex. If tubulin is incorrectly folded, may promote its degradation. (178 aa) |
| | sca | Scabrous (sca) encodes a secreted glycoprotein with partial homology to fibrinogen and its relatives. It is a transcriptional target of proneural bHLH proteins and a useful marker for proneural regions and cells. It contributes to neural patterning and interacts with the Notch pathway. (799 aa) |
| | Khc | Kinesin heavy chain; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily. (975 aa) |
| | fj | Extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase four-jointed; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase required for intermediate growth in the proximal-distal axis. Phosphorylates specific residues within extracellular cadherin domains of Fat (ft) and Dachsous (ds) as they transit through the Golgi. Acts in ommatidial polarity determination as a secondary signal downstream of Notch, JAK/STAT and wingless. Also necessary for the initiation, up- regulation or maintenance of Notch ligand, Serrate (Ser) expression in legs, thereby participating in a feedback loop with N signaling. Sufficient fo [...] (583 aa) |
| | cora | Protein 4.1 homolog; An integral component of the septate junction. May play a role in cell-cell interactions that are necessary for proper development. Vital for embryonic development. (1698 aa) |
| | TBCB | Tubulin-binding cofactor B (TBCB) encodes one of the cofactors required for the assembly of functional alpha/beta-Tubulin dimers needed for microtubule assembly. It is essential for microtubule-associated transport and cell polarity, but not for cell division. (244 aa) |
| | Apc | APC-like, isoform A; APC-like (Apc) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary family member during CNS and eye development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc2 in adult development. (2417 aa) |
| | pins | Partner of inscuteable (pins) encodes a GDP-dissociation inhibitor involved in asymmetric cell division and mitotic spindle orientation. (658 aa) |
| | Exo84 | Exocyst 84, isoform B; Exocyst 84 (Exo84) encodes an exocyst component involved in epithelial polarity. It mediates the apical localization of the transmembrane protein encoded by crb. (672 aa) |
| | spas | Spastin; ATP-dependent microtubule severing protein. Stimulates microtubule minus-end depolymerization and poleward microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle. Regulates microtubule stability in the neuromuscular junction synapse. Involved in lipid metabolism by regulating the size and distribution of lipid droplets. Involved in axon regeneration by regulating microtubule severing. Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Spastin subfamily. (758 aa) |
| | sav | Scaffold protein salvador; Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the [...] (608 aa) |
| | htl | Fibroblast growth factor receptor homolog 1; Heartless (htl) encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for secreted FGF ligands that utilizes the intracellular Ras-MAP kinase pathway. It contributes to embryonic mesoderm migration and the specification of several mature mesodermal cell derivatives; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fibroblast growth factor receptor subfamily. (729 aa) |
| | Lkb1 | Lkb1 kinase (Lkb1) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that plays a master role for activating the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) family kinases. It is a well-characterized tumor suppressor and regulates processes like cell polarity, metabolism, apoptosis, and cell growth. (567 aa) |
| | yrt | Yurt, isoform A; Yurt (yrt) encodes a membrane-associated protein. It contributes to apical-basal polarity and permeability of septate junctions. In differentiating epithelial cells, it counteracts apical polarity proteins to sustain lateral membrane stability and apical-basal polarity. In fully differentiated cells, the product of yrt acts as a negative regulatory component of the crb complex and limits apical membrane growth. (972 aa) |
| | Ras85D | Ras-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa) |
| | Scm | Polycomb protein Scm; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility; Belongs to the SCM family. (877 aa) |
| | Vps15 | Vacuolar protein sorting 15 (Vps15) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is a core component of the Vps34/class III PI3-Kinase complex. It is required for the production of PI3P and influences multiple vesicle trafficking pathways, including autophagy and endocytosis. (1342 aa) |
| | Sgt1 | suppressor-of-G2-allele-of-skp1 (Sgt1) encodes a protein required for the stability of the kinase encoded by polo and has a role in centrosome maturation and function. (178 aa) |
| | ato | Protein atonal; Developmental protein involved in neurogenesis. Required for the formation of chordotonal organs and photoreceptors. Seems to bind to E boxes. Specifically required for the photoreceptor R8 selection. (312 aa) |
| | Zif | Zinc-finger protein (Zif) encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that is required for cell polarity and neuroblast self-renewal by regulating the expression and asymmetric localization of the product of aPKC. The phosphorylated product of Zif by aPKC is excluded from the nucleus, thus being the inactive form. (388 aa) |
| | Sas-4 | Spindle assembly abnormal 4 (Sas-4) encodes a centriole protein that is essential for centriole assembly. It is recruited to centrioles through an interaction with the centriole protein encoded by ana2, and it helps recruit microtubules to the centriole. (901 aa) |
| | Aatf | Protein Aatf; Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (Aatf) encodes a transcription factor that is a target of the kinases encoded by tefu and lok. It is involved in the control of the cell cycle, DNA damage response, and regulation of apoptosis. (488 aa) |
| | mid | Midline, isoform A; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding; RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding. (580 aa) |
| | asl | Asterless (asl) encodes a component of the centriole that is required for centrosome function. It contributes to asymmetric cell division, sperm development and centriole replication and elongation. (994 aa) |
| | Syx7 | Syntaxin 7 (Syx7) encodes a SNARE protein that is part of the core machinery (including the products of Rab5, Rbsn-5, and Vps45) by which endocytic cargo vesicles fuse with the early endosome. (282 aa) |
| | spen | Protein split ends; Probable corepressor protein, which regulates different key pathways such as the EGF receptor and Wg pathways. Involved in neuronal cell fate, survival and axon guidance, cell cycle regulation and repression of head identity in the embryonic trunk. May act with the Hox gene Deformed and the EGF receptor signaling pathway. Positive regulator of the Wg pathway in larval tissues but not in embryonic tissues. May act as a transcriptional corepressor protein, which repress transcription via the recruitment of large complexes containing histone deacetylase proteins. (5560 aa) |
| | cbt | Cabut, isoform A; Cabut (cbt) encodes a transcription factor that controls Dpp signaling and is involved in dorsal closure and wing disc morphogenesis. (428 aa) |
| | ds | Protein dachsous; Required for normal morphogenesis of adult structures derived from imaginal disks. Plays a role in planar cell polarity and in determining body left-right asymmetry. Expression in segment H1 of the imaginal ring and interaction with Myo31DF are required to induce changes of cell shape and orientation in segment H2, which then gives rise to normal, dextral looping of the adult hindgut. (3556 aa) |
| | S | Star (S) encodes a type II transmembrane protein that facilitates trafficking of transmembrane Egfr ligands from the endoplasmic reticulum to the late secretory compartment. It is involved in growth regulation, cell survival and developmental patterning. (597 aa) |
| | ft | Cadherin-related tumor suppressor; Involved in regulation of planar cell polarity in the compound eye where it is required for correct specification of the R3 and R4 photoreceptor cells by regulating Fz activity in the R3/R4 precursor cells. This is likely to occur through creation of an ft gradient so that the equatorial R3/R4 precursor cell has a higher level of ft function than its polar neighbor. Also required for planar cell polarity of wing hairs. Mediates heterophilic cell adhesion in vitro and is required to stabilize ds on the cell surface. Involved in regulation of eye imagin [...] (5147 aa) |
| | Galphai | G protein alpha i subunit; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Plays a role in glial cell differentiation during embryogenesis; loco, Galphao and the G-protein coupled receptor, moody, are required in the surface glia to achieve effective insulation of the nerve cord; Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily. (355 aa) |
| | DCTN1-p150 | Dynactin 1, p150 subunit (DCTN1-p150) encodes the p150 subunit of the dynactin complex. Dynactin is thought to act as a dynein receptor that modulates binding of dynein to cellular cargoes and enhances the processivity of dynein movement. The roles of the product of DCTN1-p150 include oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, neuronal transport and neurogenesis. (1265 aa) |
| | aos | Protein giant-lens; Regulates cell determination; development of ommatidia and optic lobe. Is a signaling molecule involved in the process of axon pathfinding in the eye. Part of the Ras pathway regulating programmed cell death in pupal eyes; activated by lozenge (lz). Antagonist for the Egfr receptor (gurken). Inhibits Egfr signaling without interacting directly with the receptor, but instead by sequestering the Egfr- activating ligand spitz (spi). (444 aa) |
| | Krn | LD34429p; Keren (Krn) encodes an ligand for the receptor encoded by Egfr that is processed by the products of S and rho. It shows a redundant role with the products of spi in very few tissues. (217 aa) |
| | Rok | Rho-associated protein kinase; Rho kinase (Rok) encodes a kinase that, when activated by the GTP form of the product of Rho1, phosphorylates and modulates cytoskeletal proteins, particularly myosin II. Dynamic regulation of this kinase in subcellular locales influences cell polarization, movement, and shape during interphase and mitosis. (1390 aa) |
| | Pis | CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase; Catalyzes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) as well as PtdIns:inositol exchange reaction. May thus act to reduce an excessive cellular PtdIns content (By similarity). The exchange activity is due to the reverse reaction of PtdIns synthase and is dependent on CMP, which is tightly bound to the enzyme (By similarity). Required for the regeneration of the signaling molecule phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) from phosphatidic acid (PA) and maintenance of its steady supply during signaling, thus playing [...] (224 aa) |
| | LIMK1 | LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) encodes a protein that belongs to a phylogenetically conserved family of serine/threonine kinases. It is a potent stabilizer of the actin cytoskeleton by inactivating the product of tsr. It stabilizes the synapse structure at the neuromuscular junction and promotes synaptic remodeling and glomerular development in the developing antennal lobe. (1257 aa) |
| | Klp10A | Kinesin-like protein Klp10A; Required during anaphase to drive sister chromatid separation to promote flux by actively depolymerizing kinetochore microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends, thereby moving chromatids through a 'poleward flux'. Involved in asymmetric cell division of sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells by playing a role in the asymmetric localization of Sara- expressing endosomes to the pIIa daughter cell but not to the pIIb cell. Klp98A targets Sara-expressing endosomes to the central spindle which is symmetrically arranged in early cell division. During late cyto [...] (805 aa) |
| | dsh | Segment polarity protein dishevelled; Required to establish coherent arrays of polarized cells and segments in embryos. Plays a role in wingless (wg) signaling, possibly through the reception of the wg signal by target cells and subsequent redistribution of arm protein in response to that signal in embryos. This signal seems to be required to establish planar cell polarity and identity. (623 aa) |
| | Ras64B | Ras-like protein 2; May be involved in endocytic processes and/or other transport pathways mediated by vesicle trafficking. May interact functionally with ROP protein. Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. (192 aa) |
| | Patj | Patj (Patj) encodes a PDZ domain-protein that forms an apical protein complex with the products of crb and sdt. It plays supporting roles in apico-basal cell polarity and stability of adherens junction. It is also involved in retinal morphogenesis, maintenance, and planar cell polarity; Belongs to the Patj family. (871 aa) |
| | Cdc37 | Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37; Co-chaperone that binds to numerous kinases and promotes their interaction with the Hsp90 complex, resulting in stabilization and promotion of their activity. Required for cytokinesis and chromosome segregation in mitosis and male meiosis. Belongs to the CDC37 family. (389 aa) |
| | ru | Roughoid/rhomboid-3; Roughoid (ru) encodes an intra-membrane serine protease localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It processes Egfr ligands in specific tissues, most notably the eye; Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (341 aa) |
| | tsr | Cofilin/actin-depolymerizing factor homolog; Exhibits F-actin depolymerizing activity and regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Required for cytokinesis in both mitotic and meiotic cells and for aster migration and separation. Promotes cell motility during ovary development and oogenesis. During larval development, required for the cell rearrangement needed for formation of terminal filaments which are stacks of somatic cells that are important for the initiation of ovarioles. Also required for border cell migration during oogenesis. During border cell migration, required for actin tu [...] (148 aa) |
| | Pi3K59F | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F (Pi3K59F) encodes a lipid kinase that is required for formation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. It functions in a core protein complex that includes the products of Atg6 and Vps15. It is involved in the control of vesicle trafficking, including autophagy, endocytosis and phagocytosis. (949 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...] (1426 aa) |
| | sktl | Skittles, isoform A; Skittles (sktl) encodes the major Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate-5 kinase (PI4P5K), catalysing the formation of phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP4,5). The sktl product is involved in many cellular processes involving (PIP4,5), such as endocytosis. It plays an important role in cell polarity by controlling the localization of the product encoded by baz. (792 aa) |
| | insc | Inscuteable (insc) encodes an adaptor protein required for asymmetric cell division. It interacts with the microtubule binding protein encoded by mud and the adaptor encoded by pins. It also binds to the apical complex proteins encoded by baz, par-6 and aPKC and may recruit microtubule binding proteins to the apical cell cortex to induce apical-basal spindle orientation. (859 aa) |
| | shg | DE-cadherin; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. In connecting cells they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. During oogenesis, integral component of the guidance mechanisms that regulate the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Functions downstream of the two chemoattractant receptors, Pvr and Egfr, to promote BC adhesion between the leader cells of the migrating cluster and the surroundi [...] (1507 aa) |
| | flw | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase beta isoform; Required for cell adhesion in non-muscle tissues and in maintenance of muscle attachment. Vital for larval development. Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (461 aa) |
| | sn | Protein singed; Acts as an actin bundling protein. May have a role in the asymmetric organization and/or movement of cytoplasmic components. It has a role in somatic cells during the formation of adult bristles and hairs, and in the female germline during oogenesis. (512 aa) |
| | AMPKalpha | AMP-activated protein kinase alpha subunit (AMPKalpha) encodes the alpha subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex. In general AMPK helps cells conserve energy through inhibition of energy consuming processes (fatty acid synthesis, protein synthesis). AMPK is usually active when the TOR pathway is inhibited. (582 aa) |
| | dco | Discs overgrown protein kinase; Involved in circadian rhythms, viability and molecular oscillations of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim). Dbt reduces the stability and thus the accumulation of monomeric per proteins, probably through phosphorylation. No evident circadian oscillation is detected in head. Together with CkIalpha, regulates processing of ci by phosphorylating it which promotes its binding to slmb, the F-box recognition component of the SCF(slmb) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase. (440 aa) |
| | Nct | Nicastrin; Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch. It probably represents a stabilizing cofactor required for the assembly of the gamma-secretase complex. (699 aa) |
| | aqz | Aaquetzalli, isoform A. (285 aa) |
| | sqh | Spaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. (174 aa) |
| | Gli | Gliotactin, isoform A; Gliotactin (Gli) encodes a transmembrane protein localized at tricellular junctions that is necessary for septate junction and permeability barrier formation. (956 aa) |
| | Raf | Raf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase Raf; Serine/threonine kinase required in the early embryo for the formation of terminal structure. Also required during the proliferation of imaginal cells. May act downstream of Ras85D in the tor signal transduction pathway. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily. (739 aa) |
| | Ser | Protein serrate; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper ectodermal development. Serrate represents an element in a network of interacting molecules operating at the cell surface during the differentiation of certain tissues. (1407 aa) |
| | wake | Wide awake, isoform G; Wide awake (wake) encodes a clock output molecule that regulates the timing of sleep onset. It upregulates the GABA receptor encoded by Rdl in the arousal-promoting large ventrolateral neurons, thus suppressing activity of the these cells at dusk and facilitating sleep onset at that time. (1648 aa) |
| | run | Segmentation protein Runt; Runt (run) encodes an alpha-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It contributes to axon guidance, dendrite morphogenesis and germ-band extension. (510 aa) |
| | not | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase nonstop; Histone deubiquitinating component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. Catalyzes the deubiquitination of histone H2B, thereby acting as a coactivator in a large subset of genes. Required to counteract heterochromatin silencing. Controls the development of neuronal connectivity in visual system by being required for accurate axon targeting in the optic lobe. Required for expression of ecdysone-induced genes such as br/broad. Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. UBP8 subfamily. (496 aa) |
| | cno | Canoe, isoform E; Canoe (cno) encodes a scaffold protein in adherens junctions that is involved in morphogenesis in a variety of tissues. (2051 aa) |
| | nmo | Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Nemo (nmo) encodes an atypical proline-directed serine/threonine kinase with roles in numerous developmental processes, including ommatidial rotation/planar cell polarity, retinal specification and neuronal function, and circadian clock speed. It regulates the activity of several signal transduction pathways, including BMP, Wnt, and Notch, and is implicated in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (439 aa) |
| | CtBP | C-terminal-binding protein; Corepressor targeting diverse transcription regulators. Hairy-interacting protein required for embryonic segmentation and hairy-mediated transcriptional repression; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (481 aa) |
| | beta-Spec | Beta Spectrin (beta-Spec) encodes an essential protein that interacts with the product of alpha-Spec to form a heterotetramer. The product of beta-Spec is typically associated with the plasma membrane. It functions in a lipoprotein pathway that delivers dietary fat to the larval fat body for storage. It is also believed to function in asymmetric division of germ line stem cells via cytoplasmic structures called spectrosomes and fusomes. (2308 aa) |
| | del | Protein deadlock; Developmental protein involved in oogenesis. Required for germline maintenance, stability of mitotic spindles, localization of patterning determinants, oocyte growth and fusome biogenesis in males and females. Also required for dorso-ventral and antero-posterior patterning of oocyte and eggshell. May be involved in microtubule function during oogenesis. Part of a rhi-dependent transcription machinery that enables the generation of piRNA precursors from heterochromatin while maintaining the suppression of transposon- encoded promoters and enhancers. Component of the RD [...] (981 aa) |
| | Gug | Grunge, isoform J; Grunge (Gug) encodes a nuclear repressor protein that likely responds to Egfr signaling to control cell behavior for normal developmental patterning. (2007 aa) |
| | Hsp83 | Heat shock protein 83; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Together with Hop and piwi, mediates canalization, also known as develop [...] (717 aa) |
| | Dhc64C | Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) encodes the heavy chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. The product of Dhc64C forms a dimer, which binds and hydrolyzes ATP providing the power for movement of dynein. It has an essential function in oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. (4661 aa) |
| | kug | Fat-like cadherin-related tumor suppressor homolog; Required for the planar polarity of actin filament orientation at the basal side of ovarian follicle cells. Required for proper egg chamber shape and elongation of the egg chamber during oogenesis. Required for the correct planar polarization of Rab10 within the basal follicle cell epithelium and is therefore indirectly involved in the Rab10-dependent remodeling of the basal membrane during egg chamber elongation. (4699 aa) |
| | Patronin | Patronin; Involved in mitotic spindle assembly. Regulates microtubule (MT) severing. Antagonizes the activity of the kinesin-13 depolymerase Klp10A thereby switching off the depolymerization of the MTs at their pole-associated minus ends, which turns off poleward flux and induces anaphase B spindle elongation. Involved in asymmetric cell division of sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells by playing a role in the asymmetric localization of Sara-expressing endosomes to the pIIa daughter cell but not to the pIIb cell. Klp98A targets Sara-expressing endosomes to the central spindle which is s [...] (1689 aa) |
| | Rac1 | Ras-related protein Rac1; During various developmental processes, regulates changes in cell morphology in response to extracellular signals. During oogenesis, mediates signaling from the tyrosine kinase (RTK) chemoattractant receptors (Egfr and Pvr) to the guidance pathway that control the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Once activating by Pvr and Egfr, promotes the formation of forward-directed actin protrusions which stabilize the DE- cadherin (shg)-mediated adhesions. In turn, DE-mediated adhesion bet [...] (192 aa) |
| | sgg | Protein kinase shaggy; Required for several developmental events such as syncytial blastoderm formation and embryonic segmentation. Is involved in transcriptional regulation. Required for arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of en autoactivation. Negatively controls the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynaptic motoneurons. Plays a role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and actin cytoskeleton during embryogenesis. Required for phosphorylation of sra in activated eggs. Essential for completion of meiosis, possibly by triggering c [...] (1168 aa) |
| | bru1 | Bruno 1 (bru1) encodes an RNA binding protein acting in multiple forms of post-transcriptional gene regulation including repression and activation of translation and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. The product of bru1 is required for gametogenesis, developmental patterning, and muscle organization. (810 aa) |
| | Pi4KIIIalpha | Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIalpha) encodes a lipid kinase that synthesizes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol. Its roles include localization of plasma membrane-associated cytoskeletal and membrane trafficking proteins, Hippo signaling regulation and polarization of developing oocytes; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (2154 aa) |
| | MYPT-75D | MYPT-75D, isoform A; Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 75D (MYPT-75D) encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein involved in myosin phosphatase regulation. (741 aa) |
| | sli | Slit (sli) encodes a secreted glycoprotein that acts as a ligand for the Robo receptor family and co-receptors, including the products of Sdc and Dscam1. The product of sli functions as second messenger (via Abl) and receptor dependent, providing repellent (neural growth cone), attractive (trachea), and polarising (cardioblasts) cues for differentiating cells. (2157 aa) |
| | Vang | Vang-like protein; Van Gogh (Vang) encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to cell junctions. It is part of the Frizzled-dependent planar polarity pathway that establishes planar polarity in epithelia. It is also implicated in nervous system patterning. (608 aa) |
| | stan | Protocadherin-like wing polarity protein stan; Involved in the fz signaling pathway that controls wing tissue polarity. Also mediates homophilic cell adhesion. May play a role in initiating prehair morphogenesis. May play a critical role in tissue polarity and in formation of normal dendrite fields. During planar cell polarity, stabilizes asymmetric PCP domains together with ATP6AP2. (3648 aa) |
| | Inx3 | Innexin 3 (Inx3) encodes a gap junction protein that can form heteromeric gap junction channels via interaction with the product of Inx2. Loss of Inx3 leads to the destabilization of the products of ogre, Inx2 and shg at the plasma membrane, suggesting that these four proteins form a complex. (395 aa) |
| | par-1 | Par-1 (par-1) encodes a protein kinase involved in multiple processes, including microtubule cytoskeleton organization, axis specification and cell polarity. It regulates hippo signaling and osk mRNA localization. (1170 aa) |
| | fz | Frizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...] (612 aa) |
| | rib | Ribbon, isoform C; Ribbon (rib) encodes a nuclear BTB-domain protein, expressed in most embryonic cells. It is required for development of the salivary gland and trachea, as well as for dorsal closure. It regulates both growth and differentiation of salivary gland cells. (680 aa) |
| | Sec24CD | Secretory 24CD (Sec24CD) encodes a subunit of the coat protein complex of COPII vesicles, which transport cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. It is essential for export of membrane and secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in epithelial morphogenesis and differentiation. (1231 aa) |
| | cyst | Uncharacterized protein, isoform C; Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction. (1319 aa) |
| | aPKC | Atypical protein kinase C; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is required for apico- basal cell polarity in the germ line as well as in epithelial and neural precursor cells, for epithelial planar cell polarity and for cell proliferation. During oocyte development, required for the posterior translocation of oocyte specification factors and for the posterior establishment of the microtubule organizing center within the presumptive oocyte. Phosphorylates l(2)gl which restricts l(2)gl activity to the oocyte posterior and regulates posterior enrichment of par-1, leading to establishmen [...] (958 aa) |
| | Optix | Optix (Optix) encodes a homeobox containing DNA binding protein and a member of the SIX class of proteins. It functions as a repressor via interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor encoded by gro. It is involved in eye formation and morphogenetic furrow movement. (492 aa) |
| | vib | Vibrator, isoform B; Vibrator (vib) is an essential gene that encodes a conserved phosphatidylinositol transfer protein. The vib protein is enriched at the cleavage furrow and it is required for cytokinesis. (273 aa) |
| | Cdc42 | Cdc42 (Cdc42) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a central role in diverse biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization, mophogenesis, hemocyte migration, cell polarity, and wound repair. (191 aa) |
| | Sec23 | Protein transport protein SEC23; Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules; Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily. (781 aa) |
| | scrib | Protein lap4; Scribble (scrib) encodes a scaffolding protein that is part of the conserved machinery regulating apicobasal polarity. It acts with the products of dlg1 and l(2)gl to distinguish the basolateral domain of epithelial cells and neuroblasts, via reciprocally antagonistic interactions with the aPKC/par-6 complex that impacts vesicle trafficking. The product of scrib also organizes synaptic architecture and is implicated in learning and memory. (2585 aa) |
| | Mbs | Myosin binding subunit (Mbs) encodes a regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase. It interacts with the catalytic subunit of the myosin phosphatase encoded by flw. It is involved in cell movement in various biological processes and in the arrest of constriction of contractile rings and ring canals during oogenesis. (1273 aa) |
| | Abi | Abelson interacting protein (Abi) encodes a protein that interacts with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by Abl. It contributes to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization. It is involved in multiple actin dependent processes including cell adhesion, cell morphogenesis, oogenesis, muscle attachment and axogenesis. (477 aa) |
| | l(2)gl | Lethal(2) giant larvae protein; Essential for the development of polarized epithelia, for cell polarity associated with asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts during development, and for oocyte polarity formation. Promotes the formation of actin-rich projections at the oocyte cortex and the posterior enrichment of par-1 which is required for oocyte polarization. Regulates the localization of axis-specifying morphogens such as stau and grk. [Isoform p127]: Has an accessory function in control of cell proliferation and differentiation during development. (1161 aa) |
| | Dg | Dystroglycan, isoform D; Dystroglycan (Dg) encodes a major non-integrin extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor that connects the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. It regulates animal survival and temperature preference, muscle integrity, myotendinous and neuromuscular junction formation and function, nervous system development, axon pathfinding, rhabdomere differentiation, neuronal stem cell division and epithelial polarity. (1262 aa) |
| | crb | Protein crumbs; Plays a central role in cell polarity establishment. Participates in the assembly, positioning and maintenance of adherens junctions via its interaction with the SAC complex. Controls the coalescence of the spots of zonula adherens (ZA) into a adhesive ring around the cells. It may act as a signal. Involved in morphogenesis of the photoreceptor rhabdomere, for positioning and growth of rhabdomere and AJ during the crucial period of photoreceptor extension along the proximodistal axis of the retina. Component of the crb-galla-Xpd (CGX) complex which is essential for prop [...] (2253 aa) |
| | d | Dachs, isoform E; Dachs (d) encodes a myosin family protein that participates in Dachsous-Fat signaling, which polarizes its localization. It influences planar cell polarity, partly through interaction with the product of pk, and growth, through interaction with the product of wts; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1426 aa) |
| | tho2 | Tho2, isoform B; Tho2 (tho2) encodes a component of the THO complex that plays an essential role in nuclear export of mRNAs. (1642 aa) |
| | dlg1 | Disks large 1 tumor suppressor protein; During embryonic development, some isoforms are essential for proper neuronal differentiation and organization. Required for cell polarity; maintenance of apicobasal polarity. Plays a critical role at septate junctions in cellular growth control during larval development. The presence of a guanylate kinase domain suggests involvement in cellular adhesion as well as signal transduction to control cellular proliferation. (1030 aa) |
| | frc | UDP-sugar transporter UST74c; Involved in the import of UDP-sugars from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen; Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35D subfamily. (373 aa) |
| | sdt | Stardust, isoform G; Stardust (sdt) encodes membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein involved in the maintenance of apico-basal cell polarity and the organization of zonula adherens; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (2020 aa) |
| | baz | Bazooka, isoform B; Bazooka (baz) encodes a scaffold protein that forms a complex with the products of par-6 and aPKC and with other cortical, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. It functions in cell polarization pathways in epithelial, neuronal and other cell types. (1520 aa) |
| | Dys | Dystrophin, isoforms A/C/F/G/H; Required for the maintenance of appropriate synaptic retrograde communication and the stabilization of muscle cell architecture or physiology. Both det and Dg are required for maintenance of early dpp signaling in the presumptive crossvein. Isoform A is not required to maintain muscle integrity, but plays a role in neuromuscular homeostasis by regulating neurotransmitter release. May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. (3598 aa) |
