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ush | Zinc finger protein ush; Transcription regulator that modulates expression mediated by transcription factors of the GATA family such as pnr and srp. Represses transcription of proneural achaete-scute complex (AS-C), which is usually activated by pnr. Involved in cardiogenesis, blood, and eye development. During hematopoiesis, it is required to restrict the number of crystal cells, probably via its interaction with the isoform SrpNC of srp. Negatively regulates expression of sr. Probably acts by interacting with the GATA-type zinc finger of proteins such as pnr and srp, possibly antagon [...] (1212 aa) | ||||
slmb | Supernumerary limbs (slmb) encodes an essential, conserved F-box protein and a component of the SCF (Skp/Cullin/F-box) E3 ubiquitin-ligase, providing substrate specificity to the SCF. It negatively regulates multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation or cleavage of its targets, including the products of arm and ci (Wg and Hh signaling), SAK, per and Cap-H2. (597 aa) | ||||
Tl | Protein toll; Receptor for the cleaved activated form of spz, spaetzle C- 106. Binding to spaetzle C-106 activates the Toll signaling pathway and induces expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. Promotes heterophilic cellular adhesion. Involved in synaptic targeting of motoneurons RP5 and V to muscle 12 (M12); functions as a repulsive cue inhibiting motoneuron synapse formation on muscle 13 (M13) to guide RP5 and V to the neighboring M12, where its expression is repressed by [...] (1117 aa) | ||||
dnr1 | Defense repressor 1, isoform B; Defense repressor 1 (dnr1) encodes a protein that interacts with the caspase encoded by Dredd. The product of dnr1 is involved in attenuation of innate immune response and neuro-inflammation. (696 aa) | ||||
puf | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase puf; Ubiquitin hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and polyubiquitin chains. Essential for Myc-mediated cell growth and proliferation in developing eyes and wings. In the wing and eye, the deubiquitinating activity acts as an antagonist to the SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase member archipelago (ago) to regulate Myc and CycE stability and thus control cell growth and proliferation. Also appears to regulate ago by modulating its induction by Myc. May also promote cell apoptosis in the wing imaginal disk, acting in an a [...] (3930 aa) | ||||
Jra | Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Plays a role in dorsal closure. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (372 aa) | ||||
asrij | OCIA domain-containing protein 1; Asrij (asrij) encodes a conserved ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen domain-containing endosomal protein that maintains stemness. It positively regulates JAK/STAT signalling and negatively regulates the Notch pathway. It interacts with the GTP-bound form of the product of Arf79F to regulate hematopoiesis and immunity; Belongs to the OCIAD1 family. (258 aa) | ||||
Myd88 | Myd88 (Myd88) encodes an adaptor protein involved in in the Toll pathway functioning downstream of the product of Tl and upstream of the product of tub. Toll pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorsoventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (537 aa) | ||||
Ntf-2 | Nuclear transport factor-2 (Ntf-2) is an essential gene regulating nuclear import. It encodes a protein that binds to the nuclear pore protein encoded by DCTN4-p62 and to the product of Ran and regulates the nuclear import of nuclear localization signal containing proteins. (130 aa) | ||||
Stat92E | Signal-transducer and activator of transcription protein at 92E (Stat92E) encodes a transcription factor that shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus and functions in the JAK/STAT pathway. Its roles include proliferation, growth control, organismal metabolism, cell competition, stem cell self-renewal, immunity and developmental patterning. (818 aa) | ||||
cad | Homeotic protein caudal; Caudal (cad) is one of a number of transcription factors controlling segmentation of the embryo. Further transcriptional regulation via a 5' flanking region containing DNA replication-related elements (DRE) and by dref also regulated by trh and tgo via the CNS midline element. Alongside Bicoid (bcd), caudal forms concentration gradients down the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis providing positional information and subsequent induction of the gap genes. Plays a role in gastrulation/germ band extension, hindgut morphogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferatio [...] (445 aa) | ||||
PGRP-SC1b | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC1b (PGRP-SC1b) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with amidase activity against peptidoglycans. (185 aa) | ||||
Usp2 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase Usp2; Hydrolase that deubiquitinates polyubiquitinated target proteins. Required for preventing the activation of the Toll signaling cascades under unchallenged conditions. Essential for bodily calcium homeostasis ; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (950 aa) | ||||
wisp | Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 homolog B; Cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA polymerase that adds successive AMP monomers to the 3'-end of specific maternal RNAs (bcd, Tl, and tor), forming a poly(A) tail, during late oogenesis and early embryogenesis. In contrast to the canonical nuclear poly(A) RNA polymerase, it only adds poly(A) to selected cytoplasmic mRNAs. Required for localization of mRNAs to both poles of the egg, to recruit or maintain known centrosomal proteins with two types of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs): the central MTOC that forms between the meiosis II tandem spindles and [...] (1373 aa) | ||||
lola | Longitudinals lacking protein, isoforms F/I/K/T; Longitudinals lacking (lola) encodes a protein involved in Notch signaling, cell death, regulation of retrotransposons and expression of axon and dendrite patterning genes. It contributes to oogenesis, spermatogenesis, neural wiring, eye development and a variety of behaviors. (970 aa) | ||||
Sting | Sting, isoform B; cyclic-di-GMP binding; cyclic-GMP-AMP binding. (343 aa) | ||||
imd | Protein immune deficiency; Essential for the imd/NF-kappa-B (Imd) humoral and epithelial immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Functions as an adapter protein that transduces immunity signals from the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) by bacterial infection to the Imd signaling pathway. Binding of diaminopimelic acid-type (DAP-type) bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN) causes multimerization or clustering of PGRP receptors which activate the Imd cascade probably by recruiting imd, Fadd and Dredd to the receptor complex. Once in proximity, Dredd cleaves imd in a Fadd-de [...] (273 aa) | ||||
Tehao | Tehao, isoform A; Tehao (Tehao) encodes a homologue of the receptor encoded by Tl. It is involved in the Toll signaling pathway and innate immune response. (795 aa) | ||||
vvl | POU domain protein CF1A; Binds to a DNA sequence element required for the expression of the dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) in specific dopaminergic neurons. Could also play an early role in specific ectodermal cells, and a subsequent role in the embryonic nervous system. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-3 subfamily. (742 aa) | ||||
pre-lola-G | Longitudinals lacking protein, isoform G; Putative transcription factor required for axon growth and guidance in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Repels CNS axons away from the midline by promoting the expression of the midline repellent sli and its receptor robo. (436 aa) | ||||
pnr | GATA-binding factor A; Transcriptional regulator involved in several developmental processes during embryonic and imaginal disks development. Involved in determining dorsal cell fate. Acts as an essential transcriptional regulator of proneural achaete-scute complex (AS-C) and is required for its spatial regulation during development of the adult peripheral nervous system, and hence for the positioning of neural precursors. It is the only factor to directly activate AS-C genes. (540 aa) | ||||
MED25 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). Required [...] (863 aa) | ||||
Fadd | Fas-associated death domain protein; Component of the IMD signaling pathway and is required for the host defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Interacts with Dredd, promotes cleavage of Dredd and is necessary and sufficient for enhancing Dredd-induced apoptosis. (239 aa) | ||||
Pebp1 | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1; It is involved in the biological process described with: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; regulation of antimicrobial humoral response. (176 aa) | ||||
SPE | Spaetzle-processing enzyme heavy chain; Endopeptidase which plays a key role in innate immunity by cleaving Tl ligand spz and thereby activating the Toll pathway in response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Acts downstream of pathogen recognition receptors PGRP-SA and GNBP1 and protease grass in response to Gram-positive bacterial infection. Acts downstream of protease psh in response to fungal infection. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (400 aa) | ||||
p38a | P38a MAP kinase (p38a) encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinases responsive to diverse stresses. In immune response, it activates its downstream component encoded by Atf-2 that in turn regulates Duox expression. (366 aa) | ||||
grass | Gram-positive Specific Serine protease (grass) encodes a secreted serine protease that is involved downstream of the microbial sensing receptors encoded by GNBP3 and PGRP-SA in the activation of the Toll pathway during the immune response. It functions downstream of the serine protease encoded by modSP and upstream of the enzyme encoded by SPE, which cleaves the product of spz; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (377 aa) | ||||
spz | Protein spaetzle C-106; Spatzle (spz) encodes a secreted protein which, after cleavage by an extracellular serine protease (encoded by ea or SPE), can induce the dimerization of the product of Tl, and the subsequent activation of the Toll pathway. It contributes to function of the Toll signaling cascade, which plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (326 aa) | ||||
pll | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle; Plays an essential role in the Tl receptor signaling pathway that establishes embryonic dorsoventral polarity; the signal directs import of dl into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei, thereby establishing dorsoventral polarity. Tub recruits pll to the plasma membrane and protein-protein interaction activates pll. (501 aa) | ||||
Gprk2 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (Gprk2) encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine kinases that modulate G-protein coupled receptors. It is required for female fertility, normal egg shape, and normal egg cAMP levels. It is also implicated in Hedgehog signaling and olfactory rhythmicity; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily. (714 aa) | ||||
DMAP1 | DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein 1; Involved in transcription repression and activation (By similarity). Required for larvae and pupal development, and for normal innate immune responses. Involved in modulating the activation of the immune deficiency pathway (Imd), acting either downstream of, or at the level of, the NF-kappa-B factor Rel. Possibly functions with akirin to regulate Rel, and its interaction with the Brahma complex protein Bap55 suggests that it may regulate the IMD pathway at the level of chromatin remodeling. (433 aa) | ||||
Toll-7 | Toll-like receptor 7; Toll-related receptor which binds to the neurotrophins NT1 and spz5. Essential for antiviral autophagy, it detects and binds to the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) following infection. This role is likely to be independent of the canonical Toll, immune deficiency, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Functions in olfactory circuit assembly by promoting synaptic partner matching between olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) axons and projection neurons (PN) dendrites partners in the antennal lobe. Function in the Va1d ORNs is necessary and sufficient for correct targeting [...] (1446 aa) | ||||
Gbp1 | Growth-blocking peptide 1 (Gbp1) encodes a cytokine that regulates the humoral immune response. (118 aa) | ||||
casp | Caspar, isoform A; Caspar (casp) encodes a protein that inhibits the immune deficiency pathway, but not the Toll pathway, by blocking cleavage and nuclear translocation of the product of Rel. (695 aa) | ||||
Diap2 | Death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 2; Required for activation of NF-kappaB transcription factors in the immune deficiency (Imd) signaling cascade which is essential for innate immune responses upon infection by Gram-negative bacteria. Promotes cytoplasmic cleavage of Rel and its translocation to the nucleus where it drives expression of antimicrobial peptides. Binds, polyubiquitinates and activates Dredd which is required for Rel- mediated induction of antimicrobial peptides. Anti- apoptotic protein which binds, ubiquitinates and inactivates the effector caspase Drice. Suppresses [...] (498 aa) | ||||
CG8046 | Uncharacterized protein, isoform A; Peptidoglycan transmembrane transporter activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response; peptidoglycan transport; transmembrane transport; positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway. (519 aa) | ||||
Vps15 | Vacuolar protein sorting 15 (Vps15) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is a core component of the Vps34/class III PI3-Kinase complex. It is required for the production of PI3P and influences multiple vesicle trafficking pathways, including autophagy and endocytosis. (1342 aa) | ||||
dl | Embryonic polarity protein dorsal; Embryonic developmental protein. The lateral or ventral identity of a cell depends upon the concentration of this protein in its nucleus during the blastoderm stage. A morphogenetic protein that specifically binds to the kappa B-related consensus sequence 5'- GRGAAAANCC-3', located in the enhancer region of zygotic genes such as Zen, Twist, Snail and Decapentaplegic. Mediates an immune response in larvae. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF- kappa-B and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition [...] (999 aa) | ||||
smt3 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier; Smt3 (smt3) encodes the only Drosophila SUMO family protein. It is required for embryonic patterning and mitosis. It may also have roles in wing patterning, Dpp signaling, and Ras/MAPK signaling. It localizes to the nucleus during interphase and to the kinetochores and midbodies during mitosis; Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily. (90 aa) | ||||
senju | UDP-galactose transporter senju; UDP-galactose transporter involved in the synthesis of galactose-containing glycans. Plays a role in quiescence of the innate immune response, possibly by regulating glycosylation of the Toll pathway ligand spz. (388 aa) | ||||
dgrn | Degringolade, isoform A; Degringolade (dgrn) encodes a SUMO-Targeted ubiquitin ligase. During development it is required for Notch signaling and patterning. It contributes to transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and cytoskeleton dynamics. (319 aa) | ||||
Arf79F | ADP-ribosylation factor 1; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; has a role in Golgi organization and may modulate vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus (Probable). Has a role in eye development. Required for cleavage furrow ingression in embryonic cells. (182 aa) | ||||
Pitslre | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PITSLRE; Acts as a negative regulator of the normal cell cycle progression. May function in regulating proliferation by the phosphorylation and subsequent plasma membrane targeting of galactosyltransferase (By similarity). (952 aa) | ||||
Tak1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Mediator of TGF-beta signal transduction. Responsible for activation of the JNK MAPK pathway (basket, bsk and hemipterous, hep) in response to LPS. Component of the NF-kappa-B pathway; relish-mediated JNK inhibition involves proteasomal degradation of Tak1; certain targets of Relish that are induced during immune responses may facilitate destruction of Tak1 and switch off the JNK cascade. Participates in diverse roles such as control of cell shape and regulation of apoptosis. (678 aa) | ||||
scny | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 36; Hydrolase that deubiquitinates polyubiquitinated target proteins including imd. Required for preventing the constitutive activation of the imd/NF-kappa-B (Imd) signaling cascade under unchalleneged conditions. Deubiquitinates imd linked 'Lys-63' chains which leads its proteasomal degradation and consequently down-regulation of the Imd signaling cascade. Removal of the activating 'Lys-63'-linked chains is likely to enable their replacement with 'Lys- 48'-linked chains which act as 'tags' the for proteosomal degradation of imd. Required for maint [...] (1038 aa) | ||||
velo | Veloren, isoform A; Veloren (velo) encodes a SUMO protease that is required for dendrite and axon targeting of olfactory projection neurons. (1833 aa) | ||||
Uba2 | SUMO-activating enzyme subunit; Ubiquitin-like activating enzyme 2 (Uba2) encodes one of two subunits (along with the product of Aos1) of the heterodimeric SUMO activating enzyme. It contains the catalytic cysteine residue that first becomes adenylated using ATP and that then forms a thioester linkage to the C-terminal end of SUMO; Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. (700 aa) | ||||
Ptip | PAX transcription activation domain interacting protein (Ptip) encodes a component of a Histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex that contributes to Trithorax-mediated epigenetic imprinting during development. (2294 aa) | ||||
mop | Myopic (mop) encodes an endocytic protein that is required for normal Egfr signaling and for the progression of the product of Egfr through the endocytic pathway. It also controls the endosomal localization and signaling activity of the product of yki. (1833 aa) | ||||
psh | Serine protease persephone; Serine protease that plays a key role in innate immunity in response to Gram-positive bacterial and fungal proteases. Acts as a component of the Toll pathway upstream of protease spz processing enzyme SPE and Tl ligand spz. Nec regulates the cascade by inhibiting psh ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (394 aa) | ||||
sphe | Spheroide (sphe) encodes a serine protein homologue, a serine protease with no catalytic activity. (249 aa) | ||||
PGRP-SA | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SA; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and activating the Toll pathway upstream of spz activating enzyme SPE. Has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Shows some partial redundancy with PRPGP-SD in Gram-positive bacteria recognition. May act by forming a complex with GNBP1 that activates the proteolytic cleavage of Spatzle and the subsequent activation of Toll pathway. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type tetrapeptide PGN (DAP-type PGN) an [...] (203 aa) | ||||
spz5 | Protein spaetzle 5; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll- related receptors Toll-6 and Toll-7. Binds to Toll-7 and Toll-6, and probably acts as their ligands in the promotion of motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons. May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction. (387 aa) | ||||
Spt6 | Transcription elongation factor SPT6; Transcription elongation factor which binds histone H3 and enhances transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Required for the transcriptional induction of heat shock response genes and for maximal recruitment of two other elongation factors, Spt5 and Paf1, to the induced Hsp70. Plays a critical role in normal fly development throughout the lifecycle. (1831 aa) | ||||
ac | Achaete-scute complex protein T5; Achaete (ac) encodes a BHLH transcription factor that interacts antagonistically with the Notch signaling pathway to promote neural precursor formation. Its major role is in nervous system development. (201 aa) | ||||
PGRP-SC1a | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC1a; N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase involved in innate immunity by degrading bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN). Plays a scavenger role by digesting biologically active PGN into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (185 aa) | ||||
PGRP-SC2 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against peptidoglycans. It contributes to the down-regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the fat body during systemic bacterial infection. (184 aa) | ||||
Cul1 | Cullin homolog 1; Core component of multiple SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. In the SCF complex, serves as a rigid scaffold that organizes the SKP1-F-box protein and RBX1 subunits. May contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme. During early metamorphosis, part of the SCF-slmb complex that negatively regulates the InR/PI3K/TOR pathway to activate the pruning of unnecessary larv [...] (774 aa) | ||||
Rel | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p110 subunit; Plays a key role in the humoral immune response. Rel-p68 subunit translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene and probably other antimicrobial peptide genes. I-kappa-B kinase complex (IKKbeta and key) and PGRP-LC are essential signaling components in transmitting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal leading to cact degradation for NF-kappa-B (rel) activation. Part of a Toll-related receptor pathway that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo sig [...] (971 aa) | ||||
PGRP-LC | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC; Major activator of the imd/Relish pathway and is likely to encode a pattern recognition molecule for the humoral immune response. Required for Relish processing and nuclear translocation following proteolytic cleavage. Involved in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. The different isoforms probably display different recognition capabilities to various microbial patterns. [Isoform x]: Mediates the response to LPS, peptidoglycan and Gram-negative bacteria; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amid [...] (520 aa) | ||||
cact | NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus; Involved in the formation of the dorsoventral pattern. It inhibits nuclear translocation of the dorsal morphogen in the dorsal region of the embryo. Acts as a negative regulator of the NF-kappa-B (rel) signaling pathway. Cact is degraded by IKKbeta, this is essential for NF-kappa-B (rel) activation. (500 aa) | ||||
SkpA | SKP1-related A (SkpA) encodes a subunit of Skp, Cullin, F-box (SCF)-containing ubiquitin ligase complexes. It regulates centrosome duplication, chromatin condensation, cell cycle progression, cell polarity, dendrite pruning and endoreduplication. (162 aa) | ||||
nub | Protein nubbin; DNA-binding regulatory protein implicated in early development. Involved in neuronal cell fate decision. Repressed directly or indirectly by the BX-C homeotic proteins. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-2 subfamily. (961 aa) | ||||
Pli | Pellino (Pli) encodes a RING-domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase that coordinates with ubiquitin-activating (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes to degrade target proteins. It functions as a negative regulator of the Toll-mediated innate immunity pathway. (424 aa) | ||||
Parp | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. (994 aa) | ||||
Dredd | Caspase-8 subunit p10; Effector of the programmed cell death (PCD) activators rpr, grim and hid. May play an apoptotic role in the germline as well as soma. Fadd interacts with Dredd to promote cleavage of Dredd and is necessary and sufficient for enhancing Dredd-induced apoptosis. Plays a role in the innate immune response. Required for resistance to Gram-negative bacterial infection. Diap2-mediated ubiquitination of Dredd is critical for processing of imd and rel and the subsequent expression of antimicrobial genes such as DptA. Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (494 aa) | ||||
Dsp1 | High mobility group protein DSP1; Binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double- stranded DNA. (397 aa) | ||||
kay | Transcription factor kayak, isoforms A/B/F; Developmentally regulated transcription factor AP-1 binds and recognizes the enhancer DNA sequence: 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. May play a role in the function or determination of a particular subset of cells in the developing embryo. It is able to carry out its function either independently of or in conjunction with Jra. Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily. (755 aa) | ||||
Doa | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Doa; Negative regulator of the copia retrotransposon element of the white (w) gene. In the eye, it is required for normal pigmentation, photoreceptor cell development and for organization of interommatidial bristles. Also essential for embryonic segmentation and differentiation of the nervous system. Functions in the control of alternative splicing by phosphorylating the arginine/serine-rich splicing factors, SR proteins; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Lammer subfamily. (2045 aa) | ||||
Spn42Dd | Serine protease inhibitor 42Dd; Serine protease inhibitor with activity toward trypsin. Involved in innate immunity to fungal infection by negatively regulating the Toll signaling pathway and suppressing the expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Acts upstream of SPE and grass, and downstream of the fungal cell wall pattern recognition receptor GNBP3. May function specifically in the GNBP3-dependent beta-1,3-glucan branch of the Toll pathway. (372 aa) | ||||
Dif | Dorsal-related immunity factor Dif; Mediates an immune response in larvae. DIF binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of the immunity gene CECA1. Involved in the melanization immune response to bacterial challenge, possibly by acting in a Toll signaling pathway that downregulates Spn27A in response to infection. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF-kappa-B (rel) and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo signaling cascade that regulates dev [...] (987 aa) | ||||
tub | Protein Tube; Plays an essential role in the Tl receptor signaling pathway that establishes embryonic dorsoventral polarity; the signal directs import of dl into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei, thereby establishing dorsoventral polarity. Tub recruits pll to the plasma membrane and protein-protein interaction activates pll. Also has a role in pupal pattern formation. (462 aa) | ||||
IKKbeta | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; Required for the activation of the NF-kappa-B factor Relish (Rel) by acting as an essential signaling component in transmitting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal leading to cact degradation, which is required for direct activation of Rel. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF- kappa-B (cact) thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor. Essential for antibacterial immune response. (717 aa) | ||||
smog | Smog, isoform D; Smog (smog) encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor with a key role in gastrulation. It contributes to cell intercalation and apical constriction via myosin II activation. (951 aa) | ||||
Tab2 | TAK1-associated binding protein 2 (Tab2) encodes a protein with an ubiquitin binding domain. It interacts with the product of Tak1, a MAP kinase kinase kinase involved the activation of the immune deficiency, JNK and Grindelwald-Eiger pathways. (831 aa) | ||||
key | NF-kappa-B essential modulator; Kenny (key) encodes a scaffold protein that is a component of the IKK (IkappaB Kinase) complex, which participates in the activation of the transcription factor Rel in the Imd pathway. This pathway regulates the antibacterial response and other less characterized cellular processes. (389 aa) | ||||
Aos1 | Activator of SUMO 1 (Aos1) encodes one of two subunits (along with the product of Uba2) of the heterodimeric SUMO activating enzyme. (337 aa) | ||||
PGRP-LB | Peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (PGRP-LB) encodes a secreted protein with an amidase activity that scavenges DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It negatively regulates the immune deficiency pathway; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (255 aa) | ||||
Dro | Drosocin (Dro) encodes an o-Glycosylated antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is expressed in the fat body during the systemic immune response and is expressed in various epithelia. The expression of Dro is regulated at the transcriptional level mostly by the immune deficiency pathway; Belongs to the drosocin family. (64 aa) | ||||
lwr | Lesswright (lwr) encodes Ubc9, a SUMO conjugating enzyme that accepts SUMO from the SUMO activating enzyme and hands it off to the SUMO conjugation target. It has documented biological functions in innate immunity, meiosis, and anterior patterning of the embryo. (159 aa) | ||||
CG4325 | Ubiquitin protein ligase activity; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: intracellular signal transduction; positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process; protein ubiquitination. (158 aa) | ||||
Herc4 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (Herc4) encodes a HECT-type E3 ubiquity ligase that is involved in the host defense against Gram-positive bacteria mediated by Toll pathway. (1062 aa) |