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| | Grip75 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 4 homolog; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (650 aa) |
| | trk | Trunk (trk) encodes one of its cleaved forms acts as the ligand for the receptor encoded by tor in the early embryo; Belongs to the noggin family. (235 aa) |
| | aub | Protein aubergine; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovary, associates predominantly with antisense piRNAs that contain uridine at their 5' end. In testis, associates with [...] (866 aa) |
| | Ge-1 | Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4 homolog; In the process of mRNA degradation, seems to play a role in mRNA decapping. Required for silencing a subset of endogenous miRNA targets. (1354 aa) |
| | esc | Polycomb protein esc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' residues of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that the recruitme [...] (425 aa) |
| | dl | Embryonic polarity protein dorsal; Embryonic developmental protein. The lateral or ventral identity of a cell depends upon the concentration of this protein in its nucleus during the blastoderm stage. A morphogenetic protein that specifically binds to the kappa B-related consensus sequence 5'- GRGAAAANCC-3', located in the enhancer region of zygotic genes such as Zen, Twist, Snail and Decapentaplegic. Mediates an immune response in larvae. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF- kappa-B and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition [...] (999 aa) |
| | vls | Protein valois; Involved in specific localization of cytoplasmic proteins during the formation of pole plasm. Required for synthesis and/or stability of oskar protein (osk) and localization of tudor (tud) in both the nuage and posterior pole of the oocyte. Required for normal posterior localization of osk in later stages of oogenesis and for posterior localization of the vasa (vas) protein during the entire process of pole plasm assembly. May act by regulating the complex that contains the arginine N-methyltransferase csul. (367 aa) |
| | spir | Protein spire; Acts as an actin nucleation factor, remains associated with the slow-growing pointed end of the new filament. Promotes dissociation of capu from the barbed end of actin filaments. Involved in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport. Required for localization of determinants within the developing oocyte to the posterior pole and to the dorsal anterior corner. Links Rho family signaling and Jnk function to the actin cytoskeleton. (1020 aa) |
| | Antp | Homeotic protein antennapedia; Antennapedia (Antp) is the distal-most member of the Antennapedia complex; one of two Hox gene complexes. Antp encodes a sequence-specific homeodomain transcription factor, which is part of a developmental regulatory system that specifies segmental identity in the pro- and mesothorax. In adults Antp loss of function is associated with a transformation of leg into antenna while ectopic expression in the head is associated with antenna to leg and eye to wing transformations. (378 aa) |
| | bcd | Homeotic protein bicoid; Segment polarity protein that provides positional cues for the development of head and thoracic segments. Regulates the expression of zygotic genes, possibly through its homeodomain, and inhibits the activity of other maternal gene products. May also bind RNA. Interacts with Bin1 to repress transcription of bicoid target genes in the anterior tip of the embryo; a process known as retraction. (494 aa) |
| | CG7483 | Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III; ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization at the posterior pole of the developing oocyte. (399 aa) |
| | hb | Protein hunchback; Gap class segmentation protein that controls development of head structures; Belongs to the hunchback C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (758 aa) |
| | osk | Maternal effect protein oskar; Organizes the germ plasm and directs localization of the posterior determinant nanos. Oskar protein is required to keep nos RNA and staufen protein at the posterior pole. (606 aa) |
| | Scm | Polycomb protein Scm; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility; Belongs to the SCM family. (877 aa) |
| | Ras85D | Ras-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa) |
| | rump | Rumpelstiltskin, isoform A; Rumpelstiltskin (rump) encodes the Drosophila hnRNP M homolog. It binds to nos and osk mRNAs and plays a role in mRNA localization to the germ plasm by diffusion/entrapment during late stages of oogenesis. It also binds to exonic splicing enhancers on pre-mRNA targets, implicating it as a splicing factor. (632 aa) |
| | wkd | TBC1 domain family member whacked; Essential for ensuring the polarized growth of tracheal seamless tubes. During seamless tube morphogenesis, likely to act as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rab35 to regulate vesicle trafficking from the recycling endosomes to the lumenal apical membrane to ensure the polarized dynein motor complex-dependent growth of seamless tubes along the proximodistal axis in tracheal terminal cells. When the terminal branch lumen is growing, Rab35-GTP is active and likely directs the transport of apical membrane vesicles from the soma to the distal tip of [...] (363 aa) |
| | sqd | RNA-binding protein squid; This protein is a component of ribonucleosomes. Could be needed to organize a concentration gradient of a dorsalizing morphogen (Dm) originating in the germinal vesicle. At least one of the isoforms is essential in somatic tissues. (344 aa) |
| | CG9925 | RE70955p; It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of innate immune response; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium. (892 aa) |
| | spn-B | Spindle B (spn-B) encodes a member of the recA family. It is involved in double strand break repair in mitosis and meiosis. (341 aa) |
| | ea | Serine protease easter; Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo. Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter. Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo. (392 aa) |
| | spn-E | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase spindle-E; Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during spermatogenesis and oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Involved in the repression of LTR retrotransposon copia. Also involved in telomere regulation by repres [...] (1434 aa) |
| | asun | Protein asunder; Component of the Integrator complex, a complex involved in the transcription of small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and their 3'-box- dependent processing. Involved in the 3'-end processing of the U7 snRNA, and also the spliceosomal snRNAs U1 and U5. Plays a role as a regulator of spermatogenesis. Crucial regulator of the mitotic cell cycle and development. Required for the correct dynein-dynactin perinuclear localization important for nucleus- centrosome coupling that occur upon meiotic progression of primary spermatocytes. Plays a role in sperm motility and fertility. May hav [...] (689 aa) |
| | CSN5 | COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5; Probable protease subunit of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of the SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF. In the complex, it probably acts as the catalytic center that mediates the cleavage of Nedd8 from cullins. It however has no metalloprotease activity by itself and requires the other subunits of [...] (327 aa) |
| | 14-3-3epsilon | 14-3-3epsilon (14-3-3epsilon) encodes an acidic protein that preferentially heterodimerizes with other members of the family but also can homodimerize. It functions in multiple signaling pathways, most prominently in the Ras/MAPK cascade. It is involved in embryonic hatching, germ cell migration, gonad formation, wing venation and eye development; Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (262 aa) |
| | nos | Protein nanos; Maternal RNA-binding protein that is required for germ cells proliferation and self-renewal. Acts by forming a complex with pum and brat that regulates translation and mRNA stability. The complex binds to the Nanos Response Element (NRE), a 16 bp sequence in the hb mRNA 3'-UTR and prevents its translation. Controls posterior development. Rescuing factor for the abdominal defect of posterior group mutants. The other posterior group genes are not required for nanos function but rather play a role in localization or distribution of nanos protein. (401 aa) |
| | mira | Miranda, isoform A; Miranda (mira) encodes a cytoplasmic and cortical scaffolding protein that binds the products of pros, stau and brat. It is asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins. (829 aa) |
| | Rab11 | Rab11, isoform A; Rab11 (Rab11) encodes a Rab type protein. Rab proteins are ubiquitously expressed family of small monomeric Ras-like GTPases that are key regulators of endomembrane traffiking, regulating exocytosis, endocytosis and membrane recycling processes essential for maintaining various cellular functions. (214 aa) |
| | lsn | Vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8; Larsen (lsn), also known as Vacuolar protein sorting 22, encodes a member of the ESCRT-II complex, which sorts certain endocytosed receptors for degradation via the multivesicular body. As part of this complex, it also has a role in bcd RNA localization. (254 aa) |
| | loco | Regulator of G-protein signaling loco; Acts as a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS). Modulates G protein alpha subunits nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis activities by functioning either as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), thereby driving G protein alpha subunits into their inactive GDP-bound form, or as a GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Confers GDI and GAP activities on G(i) alpha subunit Galphai. Confers GAP activity on G(o) alpha subunit Galphao and G(i) alpha subunit Galphai. Involved in the dorsal- ventral axis formation of the egg. Acts as a G-protein signaling for glial [...] (1541 aa) |
| | vret | Protein vreteno; Gonad-specific protein essential for germline development to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues by mediating the repression of transposable elements during meiosis. Required for primary piRNA biogenesis in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues. (691 aa) |
| | tld | Dorsal-ventral patterning protein tolloid; Tolloid (tld) encodes a member of the asticin metalloprotease family. Its primary function is to cleave the product of sog, which facilitates the diffusion of the ligand encoded by dpp to the dorsal-most cells in the early blastoderm embryo, helping to specify formation of the amnioserosa. (1067 aa) |
| | bai | Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein bai; Eca and bai are essential, though not redundant, for dorsoventral patterning of the embryo. Specifically required during early embryogenesis for the activity of maternal tkv, while the zygotic tkv is not affected; Belongs to the EMP24/GP25L family. (206 aa) |
| | spn-D | Spindle D (spn-D) encodes a DNA repair protein required for homologous recombinational DNA repair. It functions in meiotic recombination. (270 aa) |
| | spz | Protein spaetzle C-106; Spatzle (spz) encodes a secreted protein which, after cleavage by an extracellular serine protease (encoded by ea or SPE), can induce the dimerization of the product of Tl, and the subsequent activation of the Toll pathway. It contributes to function of the Toll signaling cascade, which plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (326 aa) |
| | pll | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle; Plays an essential role in the Tl receptor signaling pathway that establishes embryonic dorsoventral polarity; the signal directs import of dl into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei, thereby establishing dorsoventral polarity. Tub recruits pll to the plasma membrane and protein-protein interaction activates pll. (501 aa) |
| | Sce | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-118' of histone H2A, thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2A 'Lys-118' ubiquitination gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. PcG [...] (435 aa) |
| | Pkc98E | Protein C kinase 98E (Pkc98E) encodes a serine-threonine protein kinase activated by calcium, membrane translocation and lipids (such as diacylglycerol and phorbol ester). Pkc98E product controls cytoskeleton by negatively regulating the F-actin bundling protein encoded by sn. (739 aa) |
| | Sry-delta | Serendipity locus protein delta; Transcriptional activator that controls bicoid gene expression during oogenesis. Found in transcriptionally active cells. Binds to specific sites on polytene chromosomes of third instar larvae. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-YTAGAGATGGRAA-3'. (433 aa) |
| | spn-A | DNA repair protein Rad51 homolog; Spindle A (spn-A) encodes a protein that forms a filament on single-stranded DNA, does a homology search of double-stranded DNA, and catalyzes strand exchange, swapping the single-strand DNA in and displacing the partner of the complementary strand. (336 aa) |
| | tll | Protein tailless; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity. This receptor binds to the consensus sequence [AG][AG]AAGTCAA. Plays a key role in the establishment of non-metameric domains at the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo. It may also play a role in the nervous system. The maternal terminal pathway activates the tll gene in the termini; TLL activity then represses segmentation and activ [...] (452 aa) |
| | faf | Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF; Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase involved in development and the imd/NF-kappa-B (IMD) signaling cascade. Required for eye and embryo development, and plays a role in compound eye assembly and oogenesis respectively. In the larval eye disks, cells outside the assembling facets require this protein for short-range cell interactions that prevent the mystery cells from becoming photoreceptors. Also required for nuclear migration and cellularization in early embryogenesis and could play a role in pole cell determination, development or funct [...] (2778 aa) |
| | tapas | Tapas, isoform B; It is involved in the biological process described with: negative regulation of transposition; piRNA biosynthetic process. (1222 aa) |
| | TBCB | Tubulin-binding cofactor B (TBCB) encodes one of the cofactors required for the assembly of functional alpha/beta-Tubulin dimers needed for microtubule assembly. It is essential for microtubule-associated transport and cell polarity, but not for cell division. (244 aa) |
| | stau | Maternal effect protein staufen; RNA-binding protein which forms ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that play critical roles in the localization, translational repression and turnover of RNAs during embryogenesis, neurotransmission and neurogenesis. In the oocyte, essential for the localization of both the osk/oskar mRNA to the posterior pole and bcd/bicoid RNA to the anterior pole, and is therefore required for the correct anterior- posterior patterning of the developing embryo. Association with osk or bcd at their respective poles, appears to promote the formation and stabilization o [...] (1026 aa) |
| | Khc | Kinesin heavy chain; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily. (975 aa) |
| | krimp | FI20010p1; Metal ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification; negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation; oocyte karyosome formation. (746 aa) |
| | tej | FI02030p; It is involved in the biological process described with: negative regulation of transposition; piRNA biosynthetic process; oocyte karyosome formation. (559 aa) |
| | Dp | Transcription factor Dp; Component of the DREAM complex, a multiprotein complex that can both act as a transcription activator or repressor depending on the context. In follicle cells, the complex plays a central role in the site-specific DNA replication at the chorion loci. During development, the complex represses transcription of developmentally controlled E2F target genes. Can stimulate E2F-dependent transcription. (445 aa) |
| | bic | Transcription factor BTF3; Bicaudal (bic) encodes the beta subunit of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex. It regulates osk mRNA localization, which in turn specifies the anterior/posterior axis of the egg. (169 aa) |
| | SmD3 | Small ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmD3 (SmD3) encodes an RNA binding protein that forms a heterodimeric sub-complex with the product of SmB. They function as part of the heteroheptameric ring complex Sm core, which is involved in the formation of spliceosomal small nuclear RNPs (U1, U2, U4 and U5), which together catalyze pre-mRNA splicing. The product of SmD3 also has a function in germline specification, as it is required for localization of the product of osk to the posterior pole of the oocyte. (151 aa) |
| | cuff | Cutoff (cuff) encodes a protein that interacts with the products of rhi and del in a germline complex that allows noncanonical transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters. The product of cuff is therefore an integral part of the piRNA response to transposon activity in the germline. In its absence, a DNA damage checkpoint is activated leading to ventralization of the egg and embryo. (384 aa) |
| | 14-3-3zeta | 14-3-3 protein zeta; Required in Raf-dependent cell proliferation and photoreceptor differentiation during eye development. Acts upstream of Raf and downstream of Ras, and is essential for viability. Acts as a negative regulator of the slo calcium channel via its interaction with slo-binding protein slob. Inhibits yki activity by restricting its nuclear localization. Binds to and promotes the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase Pi3K68D which converts phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and promotes maturation of early endosomes. (248 aa) |
| | sel | Protein seele; Involved in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning which is generated by a series of serine protease processing events where gd processes snk which cleaves ea which then processes spz into the activating ligand for the Toll receptor. Required during this process for the secretion of ea from the developing embryo into the perivitelline space and for ea processing. Belongs to the canopy family. (189 aa) |
| | tsu | RNA-binding protein 8A; Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. The mago-tsu heterodimer interacts with the EJC key regulator Pym leading to EJC disassembly in the cytoplasm. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte. Belongs to the RBM8A family. (165 aa) |
| | DCTN2-p50 | Dynactin 2, p50 subunit (DCTN2-p50) encodes a subunit of the dynactin complex. Together with other members of the dynactin complex, the product of DCTN2-p50 is critical for most functions of the minus end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1, including oocyte polarity, mRNA localization, centrosome localizations, spindle organization, endocytosis and axonal transport. (380 aa) |
| | lin | Protein lines; Has a dual role as a segment polarity protein and as a modulator of the Abd-B protein. Required for Abd-B to activate the transcription of genes (including ems, cut and sal) that are involved in posterior spiracle morphogenesis. Also required for Abd-B to form an eighth abdominal denticle belt. Acts in a hierarchy downstream of drm and upstream of bowl during foregut and hindgut patterning and morphogenesis. Involved in cell rearrangement during elongation of the embryonic hindgut. Required to regulate expression of embryonic hindgut patterning genes in order to establis [...] (858 aa) |
| | Vps25 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). Seems to function as a tumor suppressor by regulating Notch trafficking, hence preventing non-autonomous overproliferation. May be invo [...] (174 aa) |
| | tor | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor torso; Probable receptor tyrosine kinase which is required for determination of anterior and posterior terminal structures in the embryo. During postembryonic development, involved in the initiation of metamorphosis probably by inducing the production of ecdysone in response to prothoracicotropic hormone Ptth. Binding to Ptth stimulates activation of canonical MAPK signaling leading to ERK phosphorylation (By similarity). (923 aa) |
| | pk | Protein prickle; Acts in a planar cell polarity (PCP) complex; polarization along the apical/basal axis of epithelial cells. Correct expression of the alternative isoforms is required for PCP signaling in imaginal disks. PCP signaling in the wing disk requires the receptor fz and the cytoplasmic proteins dsh and pk. These act in a feedback loop leading to activation of the jnk cascade and subsequent polarized arrangement of hairs and bristles. Dgo and pk compete with one another for dsh binding, thereby modulating fz dsh activity and ensuring tight control over fz PCP signaling. Vang, [...] (1299 aa) |
| | pho | Polycomb protein PHO; Polycomb group (PcG) protein that binds to the 5'- CNGCCATNNNNG-3' sequence found in the regulatory regions of many genes. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Probably targets the Esc/E(z) complex to DNA. Necessary but no [...] (520 aa) |
| | mael | Protein maelstrom; Involved both in the piRNA and miRNA metabolic processes. As a component of the meiotic nuage, plays a central role during oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Repression of transposable elements is mediated via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the repression of transposons. As a nuclear component, it is required for proper differentiation in t [...] (462 aa) |
| | didum | Dilute class unconventional myosin (didum) encodes a class V unconventional myosin that binds actin and hydrolyzes ATP. It functions in mRNA localization in the oocyte, spermatid individualization during spermatogenesis, transport of pigment granules in photoreceptors and mitochondrial transport in neuronal cells; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1800 aa) |
| | csul | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5; Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) (By similarity). Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmD1 and SmD3. Required for arginine symmetrical dimethylation of piwi family proteins, piwi, aub and AGO3, during germline development. Required during oogenesis for pole cell formation in the pathway controlled by oskar (osk) and for abdominal segments during early embryogenesis. [...] (610 aa) |
| | glo | Glorund, isoform A; Glorund (glo) encodes a hnRNP F/H family RNA-binding protein that binds directly to nos mRNA and regulates its translation during late stages of oogenesis. The functions of the product of glo include nurse cell nuclear chromatin organization, axis patterning as well as being required for viability to adulthood. (586 aa) |
| | Tm1 | Tropomyosin-1, isoforms 9A/A/B; Tropomyosin, in association with the troponin complex, plays a central role in the calcium dependent regulation of muscle contraction; Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (711 aa) |
| | Lis-1 | Lissencephaly-1 homolog; Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes such as nuclear migration during cell division, mitotic spindle formation and the removal of mitotic checkpoint proteins from kinetochores at the metaphase to anaphase transition. Required for several aspects of neurogenesis including neuroblast proliferation, neuronal cell differentiation, dendritic growth, b [...] (411 aa) |
| | CkIIbeta | Casein kinase II beta subunit (CkIIbeta) encodes the regulatory subunit of the CKII holoenzyme, a protein serine/threonine kinase composed of a and b subunits. Interactions have been reported with other kinases (e.g., the products of PIP4K and S6kII), the RNA-binding protein encoded by orb , the Hedgehog signaling pathway and clock proteins such as the products of tim and per. The product of CkIIbeta functions in oogenesis, neurogenesis, development (brain and other tissues) as well as circadian behavior. (235 aa) |
| | chic | Profilin; Chickadee (chic) encodes an actin monomer binding protein that provides the major cellular pool of readily polymerizing ATP-actin monomers. It is involved in oogenesis, spermatogenesis, cell division, bristle formation, cellular morphogenesis, axon growth, filopodia formation, dorsal closure, wound healing and stem cell maintenance. (126 aa) |
| | cact | NF-kappa-B inhibitor cactus; Involved in the formation of the dorsoventral pattern. It inhibits nuclear translocation of the dorsal morphogen in the dorsal region of the embryo. Acts as a negative regulator of the NF-kappa-B (rel) signaling pathway. Cact is degraded by IKKbeta, this is essential for NF-kappa-B (rel) activation. (500 aa) |
| | Pka-C1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in memory formation. Promotes long-term memory by phosphorylating meng and by regulating CrebB protein stability and activity. As part of ethanol response in the glia, mediates ethanol-induced structural remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and perineurial membrane topology when anchored to the membrane. (353 aa) |
| | Chc | Clathrin heavy chain (Chc) encodes a protein that forms part of the clathrin complex, which is the major component of coated vesicles. (1678 aa) |
| | capt | Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein; Capulet (capt) encodes a conserved actin binding protein that functions across eukaryotes to negatively regulate actin filament assembly. Different types of actin filament formation are differentially affected by the loss of capt. (783 aa) |
| | baz | Bazooka, isoform B; Bazooka (baz) encodes a scaffold protein that forms a complex with the products of par-6 and aPKC and with other cortical, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. It functions in cell polarization pathways in epithelial, neuronal and other cell types. (1520 aa) |
| | snk | Serine protease snake; Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo. Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter. Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo. (435 aa) |
| | Parp | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. (994 aa) |
| | egl | Egalitarian, isoform B; Egalitarian (egl) encodes an RNA binding protein that links specific mRNAs to the minus end-directed microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein-1. (1004 aa) |
| | capu | Cappuccino (capu) encodes a formin family protein that nucleates actin filaments and accelerates their elongation. It works with the product of spir to build an actin mesh that fills the oocyte during mid-oogenesis. capu is necessary for polarity establishment and female fertility. (1361 aa) |
| | mon2 | Protein MON2 homolog; May be required for traffic between late Golgi and early endosomes. (1684 aa) |
| | dlg1 | Disks large 1 tumor suppressor protein; During embryonic development, some isoforms are essential for proper neuronal differentiation and organization. Required for cell polarity; maintenance of apicobasal polarity. Plays a critical role at septate junctions in cellular growth control during larval development. The presence of a guanylate kinase domain suggests involvement in cellular adhesion as well as signal transduction to control cellular proliferation. (1030 aa) |
| | CG15930 | Tudor domain-containing protein. (513 aa) |
| | exu | Maternal protein exuperantia; Ensures the proper localization of the mRNA of the bicoid gene to the anterior regions of the oocyte thus playing a fundamental role in the establishment of the polarity of the oocyte. May bind the bcd mRNA. (532 aa) |
| | Pka-R1 | Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory subunit type 1 (Pka-R1) encodes a cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator that contributes to actin filament and microtubule organization. It is involved in neuromuscular synaptic transmission, molting and response to ethanol. (464 aa) |
| | poly | Poly, isoform A; Poly (poly) encodes a mediator of the InR/TOR signaling pathway. Its functions include growth regulation, cell survival, cell polarization, and establishment/maintenance of interphase higher-order chromatin structures. (251 aa) |
| | msps | Protein mini spindles; Binds to the plus end of microtubules and regulates microtubule dynamics and microtubule organization. Promotes cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation and elongation. May act as a microtubule antipause factor that rapidly catalyzes the transition from pause to either growth or shrinkage. Involved in mitotic spindle elongation. Involved in the establishment of cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation in neuroblasts. Required for maintaining the bipolarity of acentrosomal meiotic spindles; the function is dependent on tacc and involves ncd. Involved in oocyte micr [...] (2082 aa) |
| | DCP2 | Decapping protein 2 (DCP2) encodes a m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase involved in gene silencing by miRNA and the regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly. (792 aa) |
| | clos | Closca (clos) encodes a protein that is required, together with the products of fs(1)N and fs(1)M3, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (1836 aa) |
| | sll | Slalom (sll) encodes the first transporter of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), that transfers PAPS from cytosol into the lumen of Golgi. It contributes to the sulfation of glycans and proteins, the regulation of several signaling pathways (Hh, Wingless) mediated by glycosaminoglycans during patterning and morphogenesis, and the determination of the embryonic dorsal/ventral axis; Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35B subfamily. (465 aa) |
| | jvl | Javelin-like, isoform D; Javelin-like (jvl) encodes a microtubule associated protein whose roles include actin and microtubule organization during oocyte development and bristle growth. (1315 aa) |
| | milt | Trafficking kinesin-binding protein milt; Required for kinesin-mediated axonal transport of mitochondria to nerve terminals. The oocyte acquires the majority of its mitochondria by competitive bidirectional transport along microtubules mediated by the Milton adapter. Mitochondria enter the young oocyte en mass from interconnected germ cells to generate the large aggregate known as the Balbiani body. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain- independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. (1256 aa) |
| | Dg | Dystroglycan, isoform D; Dystroglycan (Dg) encodes a major non-integrin extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor that connects the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. It regulates animal survival and temperature preference, muscle integrity, myotendinous and neuromuscular junction formation and function, nervous system development, axon pathfinding, rhabdomere differentiation, neuronal stem cell division and epithelial polarity. (1262 aa) |
| | l(2)gl | Lethal(2) giant larvae protein; Essential for the development of polarized epithelia, for cell polarity associated with asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts during development, and for oocyte polarity formation. Promotes the formation of actin-rich projections at the oocyte cortex and the posterior enrichment of par-1 which is required for oocyte polarization. Regulates the localization of axis-specifying morphogens such as stau and grk. [Isoform p127]: Has an accessory function in control of cell proliferation and differentiation during development. (1161 aa) |
| | heph | Hephaestus, isoform Y; Hephaestus (heph) encodes a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein that regulates osk mRNA translation. It is involved in spermatid individualization and Notch signalling regulation. (898 aa) |
| | Hrb27C | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27C; This protein is a component of ribonucleosomes. Could be needed to organize a concentration gradient of a dorsalizing morphogen (Dm) originating in the germinal vesicle. (421 aa) |
| | Fmr1 | Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of protein synthesis of mRNAs. Plays a role as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs. Represses translation of the microtubule-associated protein futsch mRNA to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function. May also be involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational suppression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for stability of the central pair of microtubule [...] (729 aa) |
| | scrib | Protein lap4; Scribble (scrib) encodes a scaffolding protein that is part of the conserved machinery regulating apicobasal polarity. It acts with the products of dlg1 and l(2)gl to distinguish the basolateral domain of epithelial cells and neuroblasts, via reciprocally antagonistic interactions with the aPKC/par-6 complex that impacts vesicle trafficking. The product of scrib also organizes synaptic architecture and is implicated in learning and memory. (2585 aa) |
| | sax | Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Saxophone (sax) encodes a type I BMP receptor. Together with the BMP receptors encoded by tkv and put, it transduces signaling of the BMP ligands encoded by dpp, gbb and scw, in a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic and imaginal disc patterning; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (582 aa) |
| | armi | Probable RNA helicase armi; Probable RNA helicase required for axial polarization of the oocyte during early and mid oogenesis. Plays a central role in RNA interference (RNAi) process, a process that mediates mRNA destruction of translational repression. Required for the assembly of the RISC complex, a complex required for target RNA destruction or repression. May be required in the RISC assembly to unwind miRNAs, in the production of single-stranded miRNA from the double-stranded miRNA, a key step in RISC formation. Required both for the translational control of oskar (osk) mRNA and c [...] (1188 aa) |
| | gus | Gustavus (gus) encodes a cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase specificity receptor. It interacts genetically and physically with the product of Cul5, and putatively regulates stability of target proteins including the one encoded by vas. It is involved in oogenesis and germ cell maintenance. (279 aa) |
| | aPKC | Atypical protein kinase C; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is required for apico- basal cell polarity in the germ line as well as in epithelial and neural precursor cells, for epithelial planar cell polarity and for cell proliferation. During oocyte development, required for the posterior translocation of oocyte specification factors and for the posterior establishment of the microtubule organizing center within the presumptive oocyte. Phosphorylates l(2)gl which restricts l(2)gl activity to the oocyte posterior and regulates posterior enrichment of par-1, leading to establishmen [...] (958 aa) |
| | qin | Qin (qin) is a piRNA pathway gene that encodes a protein involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing. (1857 aa) |
| | Pcl | Polycomb protein Pcl; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' residues of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that the recruitme [...] (1043 aa) |
| | slmb | Supernumerary limbs (slmb) encodes an essential, conserved F-box protein and a component of the SCF (Skp/Cullin/F-box) E3 ubiquitin-ligase, providing substrate specificity to the SCF. It negatively regulates multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation or cleavage of its targets, including the products of arm and ci (Wg and Hh signaling), SAK, per and Cap-H2. (597 aa) |
| | spn-F | Protein spindle-F; Plays a role in oocyte axis determination and microtubule organization during oogenesis. Also required for polarized organization of the bristle. Required, with jvl, for activation of the kinase IKKepsilon in the germ line. Also required for localization of IKKepsilon to the distal tip of elongating bristles by acting as an adapter linking IKKepsilon and cytoplasmic dynein. Involved in dendrite pruning in larval sensory neurons during metamorphosis. (376 aa) |
| | btz | Barentsz, isoform D; Barentsz (btz) encodes a component of the exon junction complex that is recruited to spliced mRNAs to mark where introns have been removed. It is required for the posterior localization of osk mRNA. (806 aa) |
| | Tl | Protein toll; Receptor for the cleaved activated form of spz, spaetzle C- 106. Binding to spaetzle C-106 activates the Toll signaling pathway and induces expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. Promotes heterophilic cellular adhesion. Involved in synaptic targeting of motoneurons RP5 and V to muscle 12 (M12); functions as a repulsive cue inhibiting motoneuron synapse formation on muscle 13 (M13) to guide RP5 and V to the neighboring M12, where its expression is repressed by [...] (1117 aa) |
| | RasGAP1 | GTPase-activating protein; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. May function as a negative regulator of Ras85D/Ras1 in the sev signaling pathway. Acts cell autonomously in cone cell precursors as a negative regulator of R7 photoreceptor cell determination. (1181 aa) |
| | BicD | Protein bicaudal D; This protein is essential for differentiation. It may play a role in localizing of Nanos (a maternal determinant) activity in oocytes. During oogenesis, plays a specific role, together with Rab6 but independently of Sec5, in the polarization of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton, in oskar mRNA localization and in the anterodorsal secretion of grk. Plays a role in the biogenesis of annulate lamellae containing nuclear pore complex components. (802 aa) |
| | par-1 | Par-1 (par-1) encodes a protein kinase involved in multiple processes, including microtubule cytoskeleton organization, axis specification and cell polarity. It regulates hippo signaling and osk mRNA localization. (1170 aa) |
| | grk | Protein gurken; Critical for defining the anterior-posterior and dorsal- ventral axes of the egg. May signal directly to dorsal follicle cells through the receptor torpedo (top). During oogenesis this signaling pathway instructs follicle cells to follow a dorsal pathway of development rather than the default ventral pathway. (295 aa) |
| | cnc | Segmentation protein cap'n'collar; Plays a role in posterior cephalic patterning. Probable subunit of a heterodimeric regulatory protein involved in the control of head morphogenesis. Isoform B may have a repressive effect on Dfd response elements, thereby modifying the activity and specificity of the Hox system and moving the body anterior/posterior axis. (1430 aa) |
| | psq | Pipsqueak, isoform M; Pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. (1123 aa) |
| | lig | Lingerer (lig) encodes a putative RNA binding protein that forms a complex with the products of orb and orb2. Loss of lig results in defects in copulation and short-term memory. (1417 aa) |
| | wek | Zinc finger protein weckle; Acts as an adapter to assemble/stabilize a Toll/wek/Myd88/tube complex; required for efficient recruitment of Myd88 to Toll. Dispensable for innate immune response; plays a minimal role, if any, in the immune defense against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Involved in dorsoventral axis determination. (470 aa) |
| | gd | Serine protease gd; Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo. Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter. Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo. (531 aa) |
| | gammaTub37C | Tubulin gamma-2 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. Required for oocyte activation and consequently for organization of the female meiotic spindle. Essential for centrosome organization and assembly of biastral mitotic spindles in embryos. Plays a role in stabilizing the augmin complex on the meiotic spindle. (457 aa) |
| | Dhc64C | Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) encodes the heavy chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. The product of Dhc64C forms a dimer, which binds and hydrolyzes ATP providing the power for movement of dynein. It has an essential function in oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. (4661 aa) |
| | Hsp83 | Heat shock protein 83; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Together with Hop and piwi, mediates canalization, also known as develop [...] (717 aa) |
| | Asx | Polycomb protein Asx; Atypical Polycomb group protein, which may be involved in both Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) complexes. Non- catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. PcG and trxG proteins act b [...] (1670 aa) |
| | Myd88 | Myd88 (Myd88) encodes an adaptor protein involved in in the Toll pathway functioning downstream of the product of Tl and upstream of the product of tub. Toll pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorsoventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (537 aa) |
| | Kr | Protein krueppel; Krueppel is a gap class segmentation protein. It is involved in the segmentation of the embryo and in the differentiation of the Malpighian tubules; Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (502 aa) |
| | enc | Protein encore; Required for the regulation of germline mitosis, karyosome formation, and establishment of dorsoventral (DS) polarity of the egg and embryo. Involved in proper grk mRNA localization and translation in the oocyte. May control germline mitosis by facilitating the cyclin E (CycE) proteolysis by the SCF-ubiquitin-proteasome complex. (1942 aa) |
| | fs(1)h | Homeotic protein female sterile; Required maternally for proper expression of other homeotic genes involved in pattern formation, such as Ubx. (2046 aa) |
| | Rab35 | Rab35, isoform A; Rab35 (Rab35) encodes a protein that regulates proximal versus distal growth of seamless tubes in the terminal cells of the tracheal system. (201 aa) |
| | pum | Maternal protein pumilio; Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that acts as a post- transcriptional repressor by binding the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Binds to an RNA consensus sequence, the Pumilio Response Element (PRE), 5'- UGUANAUA-3', that is related to the Nanos Response Element (NRE). Mediates post-transcriptional repression of transcripts via different mechanisms: acts via direct recruitment of deadenylase complexes leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation (By similarity). Also mediates deadenylation-independent repression by promoting accessibility of miRNAs. Me [...] (1533 aa) |
| | E(z) | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase E(z); Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting [...] (765 aa) |
| | cic | Putative transcription factor capicua; Transcriptional repressor required for the specification of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Required for terminal patterning of early embryos. May associate with gro to repress tll and hkb, restricting their expression to embryonic terminal poles where they initiate correct development of head and tail structures. Required for dorsoventral patterning of oocytes and early embryos. Cooperates with dl to repress zen and other dorsal specific genes within the embryo and promotes expression of the ventralizing factor pip in ovarian fo [...] (2150 aa) |
| | tsl | Torso-like (tsl) encodes a protein present in many organs. In particular it is produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber, initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the activation of the receptor encoded by tor. (353 aa) |
| | orb | Oo18 RNA-binding protein (orb) encodes a RNA-binding protein required for the formation of the egg chamber and establishment of polarity during oogenesis. It is involved in mRNA polyadenylation and the regulation of osk mRNA translation. (915 aa) |
| | Syp | Syncrip, isoform J; Syncrip (Syp) encodes an RNA-binding protein that regulates the localization and translation of mRNAs involved in multiple processes. It is required for synapse morphology and synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction as well as being involved in oocyte axis specification and control of neuronal cell fates in the mushroom body. (761 aa) |
| | cad | Homeotic protein caudal; Caudal (cad) is one of a number of transcription factors controlling segmentation of the embryo. Further transcriptional regulation via a 5' flanking region containing DNA replication-related elements (DRE) and by dref also regulated by trh and tgo via the CNS midline element. Alongside Bicoid (bcd), caudal forms concentration gradients down the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis providing positional information and subsequent induction of the gap genes. Plays a role in gastrulation/germ band extension, hindgut morphogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferatio [...] (445 aa) |
| | IKKepsilon | I-kappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) encodes a serine-threonine kinase that targets the inhibitor of apoptosis encoded by Diap1 for degradation. It also negatively regulates protein kinase C and the dynein adaptor encoded nuf. The product of IKKepsilon contributes to the specification of bristle cells, bristle cell morphogenesis, oocyte polarity, and dendrite development. (720 aa) |
| | Med | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Medea (Med) encodes a protein that belongs to the highly conserved Smad family. It can bind its siblings encoded by Mad or Smox to facilitate signal transduction for the product of dpp or Activin ligands in the TGF-beta family. Med-complexes function as transcriptional regulators. Many developmental roles include dorsal-ventral patterning, patterning and proliferation of the wing disc and gene expression in the mushroom body of the larval brain. (771 aa) |
| | cni | Protein cornichon; Acts as cargo receptor necessary for the transportation of gurken (grk) to a transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) site and promotes its incorporation into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Associated with gurken, produces a signal received by torpedo resulting in a signaling pathway that first establishes posterior follicle cell fates and normal localization of the anterior and posterior determinants, later they act in a signaling event inducing dorsal follicle cell fates and regulating the dorsal-ventral pattern of egg and embryo. (144 aa) |
| | sqh | Spaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. (174 aa) |
| | cnk | Connector enhancer of KSR protein CNK; Enzyme regulator activity; MAP-kinase scaffold activity; receptor tyrosine kinase binding; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding; protein binding. (1557 aa) |
| | sog | Dorsal-ventral patterning protein Sog; Short gastrulation (sog) encodes a secreted BMP antagonist that is expressed in the embryonic ventral neuroectoderm. sog product promotes neural development by preventing dorsally produced dpp from diffusing into the neuroectoderm and suppressing expression of neural genes. sog protein also diffuses dorsally where it helps establish a BMP activity gradient essential for partitioning that domain into cells giving rise to the dorsal epidermis versus amnioserosa. (1038 aa) |
| | cactin | Cactin; Plays a role during early embryonic development. Involved in the dorsal-ventral embryonic patterning. Probably acts as a negative regulator of the NF-kappa-B (Rel) signaling pathway. Belongs to the CACTIN family. (720 aa) |
| | wbl | Windbeutel (wbl) encodes a Toll signaling pathway member protein residing in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is required for the transport of the product of pip to the Golgi in ovarian follicle cells. (257 aa) |
| | Raf | Raf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase Raf; Serine/threonine kinase required in the early embryo for the formation of terminal structure. Also required during the proliferation of imaginal cells. May act downstream of Ras85D in the tor signal transduction pathway. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily. (739 aa) |
| | ksr | Kinase suppressor of ras (ksr) encodes a MAP-kinase scaffold protein. It mediates the activation of the serine/threonine kinase encoded by Dsor1. (966 aa) |
| | kni | Zygotic gap protein knirps; Transcriptional repressor. Binds to multiple sites in the eve stripe 3 enhancer element. Plays an essential role in the segmentation process both by refining the expression patterns of gap genes and by establishing pair-rules stripes of gene expression. (434 aa) |
| | CkIIalpha | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily. (336 aa) |
| | rl | Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-A; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway to regulate poliferation, differentiation and effect cell fate decisions in various tissues. Required downstream of phl/Raf in the sev/sevenless, tor/torso, and EGF receptor homolog Egfr signal transduction pathways. Required for embryonic epithelial tissue repair. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (376 aa) |
| | Psc | Polycomb group protein Psc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Needed to maintain e [...] (1601 aa) |
| | Mer | Moesin/ezrin/radixin homolog 2; Regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. Mer acts synergistically along with Ex and Kibra to regulate t [...] (635 aa) |
| | rin | Rasputin, isoform B; Rasputin (rin) encodes an RNA-binding protein that regulates gene expression. It is involved in eye development and the dorsal/ventral axis specification of the ovary. (690 aa) |
| | Rab6 | Ras-related protein Rab6; Protein transport. Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mediates membrane trafficking during egg chamber growth and organization, possibly upstream of exocyst component Sec5. Also during oogenesis, plays a role, together with BicD but independently of Sec5, in the polarization of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton, in the localization of oskar mRNA and in the anterodorsal secretion of grk. Required for anterograde opsin transport through the ER-Golgi complex. Plays a role, together with Rich, in regula [...] (208 aa) |
| | Vml | Vitelline membrane-like (Vml) encodes a structural component of the vitelline membrane. It forms part of a localized structural signal that controls the formation and polarity of the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo. (578 aa) |
| | vas | ATP-dependent RNA helicase vasa; Involved in translational control mechanisms operating in early stages of oogenesis. Required maternally in many stages of oogenesis, including cystocyte differentiation, oocyte differentiation, and specification of anterior-posterior polarity in the developing cysts. Essential for the formation and/or structural integrity of perinuclear nuage particles during germ cell formation. Required for gus, Fsn and aub accumulation at the posterior pole of the embryo. Required for the localization of vas to the perinuclear region of nurse cells. Belongs to the D [...] (661 aa) |
| | oc | Homeotic protein ocelliless; Transcriptional regulator involved in pattern formation and cell determination in the embryonic CNS and larval imaginal disks. Also later in development to coordinate the expression of regulatory and structural genes required for photoreceptor cell fate in the ocelli. Has a dual role in the terminal differentiation of subtypes of photoreceptors by regulating rhodopsin (rh) expression: essential for establishing the expression of rh genes in the pale subset of ommatidia as well as repressing Rh6 in outer photoreceptors. Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (664 aa) |
| | Rbsn-5 | Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn-5) encodes a Rab5-binding effector that controls entry of endocytosed cargo into the early endosome. (505 aa) |
| | lost | LD30155p; Lost (lost) encodes a protein that interacts with the RNA-binding protein encoded by rump for posterior localization of mRNAs by diffusion/entrapment during late stages of oogenesis. The identification of the product of lost in various RNP complexes suggests a broad role in RNA metabolism. (545 aa) |
| | MED31 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 31; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated t [...] (204 aa) |
| | Pc | Polycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa) |
| | Mkrn1 | Makorin 1, isoform A; Ubiquitin protein ligase activity; metal ion binding; ubiquitin-protein transferase activity; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: protein polyubiquitination; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of oogenesis. (386 aa) |
| | papi | Tudor and KH domain-containing protein homolog; Involved in the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins, and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons which is essential for germline integrity. Likely to act by recruiting Piwi proteins such as AGO3 and piwi to the piRNA biogenesis machinery in the nuage. Required for the final steps of primary piRNA biogenesis by participating in the 3' end-trimming of piwi-bound intermediates in [...] (576 aa) |
| | dpp | Protein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...] (588 aa) |
| | slp1 | Sloppy paired 1 (slp1) encodes a transcription factor of the fork-head family that functions by interacting with the corepressor encoded by gro. The product of slp1 regulates a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic segmentation, ventral fate specification in the retina, and temporal patterning of the neuroblasts that produce medulla neurons. (322 aa) |
| | bowl | Protein bowel; Putative transcription factor. Required for leg joint formation, acting downstream of Notch to pattern the leg tarsal segments. Functions in the terminal pathway during embryogenesis, acting downstream of tll in the posterior of the embryo. Acts in a hierarchy downstream of drm and lin during foregut and hindgut patterning and morphogenesis. Involved in cell rearrangement during elongation of the embryonic hindgut. Regulates expression of hindgut patterning genes to establish the small intestine region of the embryonic hindgut. Required in the foregut for spatially local [...] (744 aa) |
| | ndl | Serine protease nudel; Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo. Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter. Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo. Nudel, pipe and windbeutel together trigger the protease cascade within the extraembryonic perivitelline compartment which induces dorsoventral polarity of the Drosophila embryo. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (2616 aa) |
| | mus301 | Mutagen-sensitive 301 (mus301) encodes a member of the Mus308 subfamily of ATP-dependent helicases. It is involved in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks during recombination and in somatic cells, and in chromosome segregation. It contributes to dorsal-ventral patterning during oogenesis and posterior oocyte positioning. (1051 aa) |
| | Cbl | Cbl proto-oncogene (Cbl) encodes an E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase for protein post-translational modification in RTK signaling (EGFR, VEGFR, FGF, and RET families) and non-RTK signaling (Src family). After the ubiquitination mediated by the product of Cbl, the substrates will be targeted to protein degradation for controlling cell growth, survival, migration and inflammation. (878 aa) |
| | Shc | SHC-adaptor protein (Shc) encodes a protein involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. It regulates anti-parasitoid immune response and tracheal development. (409 aa) |
| | Vps36 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). ESCRT-II interacts, through the Vps36 subunit, with bicoid mRNA. This interaction is required for the anterior localization of bicoid m [...] (399 aa) |
| | D | Dichaete (D) encodes an HMG-domain protein and member of the Sox family of transcription factors. Its roles include hindgut development, embryonic segmentation, and nervous system development. (382 aa) |
| | aos | Protein giant-lens; Regulates cell determination; development of ommatidia and optic lobe. Is a signaling molecule involved in the process of axon pathfinding in the eye. Part of the Ras pathway regulating programmed cell death in pupal eyes; activated by lozenge (lz). Antagonist for the Egfr receptor (gurken). Inhibits Egfr signaling without interacting directly with the receptor, but instead by sequestering the Egfr- activating ligand spitz (spi). (444 aa) |
| | pip | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase pipe; Sulfotransferase involved in dorsoventral axis patterning in early embryos. Required for the specific ventral activation of a series of proteases acting in the perivitelline space between the embryonic membrane and the eggshell. Probably acts by mediating the sulfation of some glycoprotein or glycosaminoglycan stably deposited in the egg, whose ventrally localized modification leads to spatially restricted activation of the protease cascade. (514 aa) |
| | CG15042 | Uncharacterized protein. (436 aa) |
| | Rok | Rho-associated protein kinase; Rho kinase (Rok) encodes a kinase that, when activated by the GTP form of the product of Rho1, phosphorylates and modulates cytoskeletal proteins, particularly myosin II. Dynamic regulation of this kinase in subcellular locales influences cell polarization, movement, and shape during interphase and mitosis. (1390 aa) |
| | Grip128 | Grip128 (Grip128) encodes a component of the Gamma-tubulin ring complex, which is a potent microtubule nucleator in eukaryotic cells essential for successful chromosome segregation and cell division. (1092 aa) |
| | lic | Licorne (lic) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates p38 MAP kinases. (334 aa) |
| | sty | Protein sprouty; Inhibitor of tracheal branching that restricts branch budding by antagonizing the BNL-FGF pathway (BNL: branchless, an fgf inducer of branching). Acts as an antagonist of EGFR-mediated signaling in the eye (where it is important for cell determination) midline glia, chordotonal organs, wing and ovarian follicle cells. (589 aa) |
| | dos | Protein daughter of sevenless; Essential component for signaling from various receptor tyrosine kinases such as Sevenless, TORSO and DER. Required for photoreceptor cell and wing development. (878 aa) |
| | DCP1 | Decapping protein 1 (DCP1) encodes a subunit of the mRNA decapping holoenzyme. It is involved in osk mRNA localization and miRNA-mediated gene silencing. (372 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...] (1426 aa) |
| | tud | Maternal protein tudor; Required during oogenesis for the formation of primordial germ cells and for normal abdominal segmentation. (2515 aa) |
| | mago | Protein mago nashi; Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. The mago-tsu heterodimer interacts with the EJC key regulator Pym leading to EJC disassembly in the cytoplasm. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte, and may also be involved in polarization of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton. (147 aa) |
| | sktl | Skittles, isoform A; Skittles (sktl) encodes the major Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate-5 kinase (PI4P5K), catalysing the formation of phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP4,5). The sktl product is involved in many cellular processes involving (PIP4,5), such as endocytosis. It plays an important role in cell polarity by controlling the localization of the product encoded by baz. (792 aa) |
| | flw | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase beta isoform; Required for cell adhesion in non-muscle tissues and in maintenance of muscle attachment. Vital for larval development. Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (461 aa) |
| | Dsor1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1; Required downstream of Raf in the sevenless (sev), torso (tor), and Drosophila EGF receptor homolog (DER) signal transduction pathways. Involved in both positive regulation (at the posterior terminus) and negative regulation (at the anterior domain) of tll, as in other terminal class gene products, maybe via the ERK-A kinase. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (396 aa) |
| | Moe | Moesin/ezrin/radixin homolog 1; Involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. Together with wgn, involved in control of axon targeting of R8 and R2-R5 photoreceptors, independent of egr. In the nucleus, recruited to sites of active transcription by RNA polymerase II where it has a role in nuclear mRNA export together with the mRNA export factor PCID2 and other messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles. (649 aa) |
| | Pat1 | Protein interacting with APP tail-1 (Pat1) encodes a protein required for the product of Khc to transport cargo and to maximize its motility. In oocytes the products of Pat1 and Klc act in a redundant manner. (686 aa) |
| | swa | Protein swallow; Has a role in localizing bicoid mRNA at the anterior margin of the oocyte during oogenesis, and a poorly characterized role in nuclear divisions in early embryogenesis. (548 aa) |
| | fs(1)M3 | Female sterile (1) M3 (fs(1)M3) encodes a protein that is required, along with the products of fs(1)N and clos, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (1836 aa) |
| | spoon | Spoonbill, isoform C; RNA binding; protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding. (607 aa) |
| | N | Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...] (2703 aa) |
| | gt | Protein giant; Represses the expression of both the krueppel and knirps segmentation gap genes. Binds, in vitro, to the krueppel regulatory elements CD1 and CD2. It is required in the early embryo for the development of portions of the head and abdomen; Belongs to the bZIP family. (448 aa) |
| | ph-p | Polyhomeotic-proximal chromatin protein; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Plays a [...] (1589 aa) |
| | fs(1)K10 | DNA-binding protein K10; Female sterile (1) K10 (fs(1)K10) encodes a nuclear protein of unknown biochemical function required during oogenesis for the proper localization of grk mRNA and protein in the oocyte, a key step in the specification of the dorsoventral axis of the oocyte, mature egg, and future embryo. (463 aa) |
| | csw | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase corkscrew; Required in all receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Functions downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, acting in concert with D-Raf via tailless. Also functions downstream of Egfr (epidermal growth factor receptor) and btl (fibroblast growth factor receptor). The SH2 domain suggests that csw effects its role by mediating heteromeric protein interactions. Maternally required for normal determination of cell fates at the termini of the embryo. Required for cell fate specification of the ventral ectoderm, in the developing embryoni [...] (945 aa) |
| | fs(1)N | Female sterile (1) Nasrat (fs(1)N) encodes encodes a protein that is required, along with the products of fs(1)M3 and clos, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (2118 aa) |
