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| | BubR1 | Bub1-related kinase (BubR1) encodes a motif-rich protein with a C-terminal serine-threonine kinase domain. During prometaphase and metaphase, it plays important roles in spindle assembly checkpoint signalling, stabilization of kinetochore-microtuble attachments and chromosome alignment. It is also essential to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion during meiotic progression and for normal maintenance of Synaptonemal Complex in females. (1460 aa) |
| | Hmt4-20 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Suv4-20; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-20' of histone H4. H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Mainly functions in pericentric heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin in these regions. Acts as a dominant suppressor of position-effect variegation; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar4-20 subfamily. (1300 aa) |
| | ph-p | Polyhomeotic-proximal chromatin protein; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Plays a [...] (1589 aa) |
| | Panx | Protein panoramix; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Required for transcriptional silencing of transposons targeted by piwi and confers its effects by interacting with nascent RNA transcripts. Likely to be recruited to nascent transcripts cotranscriptionally by piwi and to recruit additional factors involved in transcriptional silencing. In the ovaries, forms a complex with n [...] (541 aa) |
| | HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase HDAC1; Catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N- terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation may constitute a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. For instance, deacetylation of histone H3 may be a prerequisite for the subsequent recruitment of the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9 to histones. Involved in position-effect variegation (PEV). In the larval brain, part of a regulatory network including the transcript [...] (521 aa) |
| | e(y)2 | Enhancer of yellow 2 transcription factor; Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the AMEX and the SAGA complexes. The SAGA complex is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histone H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. Required for nuclear receptor-mediated transactivation. Involved in t [...] (101 aa) |
| | Usp7 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7; Hydrolase that deubiquitinates target proteins. (1129 aa) |
| | Su(var)3-3 | Possible lysine-specific histone demethylase 1; Probable histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, thereby acting as a corepressor. Required for heterochromatic gene silencing. Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed. Demethylates both mono- and tri-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3. May also demethylate 'Lys-9' of histone H3, Plays a role in the repression of neuronal genes; Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (890 aa) |
| | Su(z)12 | Polycomb protein Su(z)12; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that [...] (900 aa) |
| | rept | RuvB-like helicase 2; Acts as a transcriptional coactivator in Wg signaling caused by altered arm signaling. Pont and rept interfere antagonistically with nuclear arm signaling function, and are required to enhance or reduce arm activity, respectively. Also an essential cofactor for the normal function of Myc; required for cellular proliferation and growth. (481 aa) |
| | AGO2 | Protein argonaute-2; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger; Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily. (1217 aa) |
| | SuUR | Protein suppressor of underreplication; Required for underreplication of DNA, which is found in many late replicating euchromatic regions of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Functions by promoting the localization and retention of Rif1 to active DNA replication forks where Rif1 inhibits replication fork progression. Controls chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes. (962 aa) |
| | scny | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 36; Hydrolase that deubiquitinates polyubiquitinated target proteins including imd. Required for preventing the constitutive activation of the imd/NF-kappa-B (Imd) signaling cascade under unchalleneged conditions. Deubiquitinates imd linked 'Lys-63' chains which leads its proteasomal degradation and consequently down-regulation of the Imd signaling cascade. Removal of the activating 'Lys-63'-linked chains is likely to enable their replacement with 'Lys- 48'-linked chains which act as 'tags' the for proteosomal degradation of imd. Required for maint [...] (1038 aa) |
| | Elba3 | Early boundary activity protein 3; The heterotrimeric Elba complex is required for chromatin domain boundary function during early embryogenesis. It binds to a 8-bp sequence 5'-CCAATAAG-3' in the Fab-7 insulator or boundary element in the bithorax complex and contributes to its insulator or boundary activity. Elba3 lacks DNA-binding activity and plays the role of an adapter protein, bringing Elba1 and 2 together, thereby establishing a complex that recognizes the asymmetric sequence motif through the BEN domains of Elba1 and 2. (379 aa) |
| | Bsg25A | Early boundary activity protein 1; The heterotrimeric Elba complex is required for chromatin domain boundary function during early embryogenesis. It binds to a 8-bp sequence 5'-CCAATAAG-3' in the Fab-7 insulator or boundary element in the bithorax complex and contributes to its insulator or boundary activity. Elba1 may act as a transcriptional repressor and binds the palindromic sequence 5'-CCAATTGG-3' to mediate transcriptional repression. (363 aa) |
| | Elba2 | Early boundary activity protein 2; The heterotrimeric Elba complex is required for chromatin domain boundary function during early embryogenesis. It binds to a 8-bp sequence 5'-CCAATAAG-3' in the Fab-7 insulator or boundary element in the bithorax complex and contributes to its insulator or boundary activity. Elba2 can act as a transcriptional repressor and binds the palindromic sequence 5'-CCAATTGG-3' to mediate transcriptional repression. (381 aa) |
| | Pc | Polycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa) |
| | Hat1 | Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) encodes a B-type histone acetyltransferase that localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is involved in the escort machinery of newly synthesized histones encoded by His3 and His4 to chromatin and acetylates the product of His4 at lysines 5 and 12. It also forms a complex with centromeric histone encoded by cid and is involved in cid chromatin assembly. (405 aa) |
| | HDAC3 | Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) encodes a histone deacetylase involved in chromatin silencing. It controls cell growth through apoptosis suppression by regulating transcription of hid; Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily. (438 aa) |
| | Gas41 | LD16161p; Gas41 (Gas41) encodes a protein that contributes to histone acetylation and is involved in chromatin organization and RNA interference. (227 aa) |
| | r2d2 | R2d2, isoform A; R2d2 (r2d2) encodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein. It interacts with the product of Dcr-2 to form the core of RISC loading complex, which recruits duplex siRNA to the RISC. (311 aa) |
| | Su(var)205 | Heterochromatin protein 1; Structural component of heterochromatin, involved in gene repression and the modification of position-effect-variegation. Recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression. (206 aa) |
| | aub | Protein aubergine; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovary, associates predominantly with antisense piRNAs that contain uridine at their 5' end. In testis, associates with [...] (866 aa) |
| | piwi | Protein piwi; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovarian somatic cells, mediates silencing of transposable elements at the transcriptional level in a mael-dependent manner. [...] (843 aa) |
| | escl | Escl, isoform A; Escl (escl) encodes an essential component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, whose function is to methylate histone H3K27. Although the product of escl is functionally equivalent to the product of esc, it is not maternally supplied in equally high levels and some homeotic phenotypes occur in the absence of the product of esc. (462 aa) |
| | esc | Polycomb protein esc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. Component of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' residues of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting that the recruitme [...] (425 aa) |
| | Sirt1 | NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent histone deacetylase involved in heterochromatic silencing. Mildly suppresses the heterochromatin-mediated silencing phenomenon known as position-effect variegation (PEV). Required for epigenetic silencing of the polycomb group proteins. Has histone H4 deacetylase activity in vitro. Required maternally for establishing proper segmentation of the embryo. Involved in sex determination. May be involved in the regulation of life span. (823 aa) |
| | Ibf1 | Insulator binding factor 1, isoform A; Sequence-specific DNA binding; protein heterodimerization activity; chromatin insulator sequence binding; protein binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of chromatin silencing. (242 aa) |
| | Ibf2 | Insulator binding factor 2; Protein binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; chromatin insulator sequence binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of chromatin silencing; regulation of gene expression. (195 aa) |
| | HP1e | Heterochromatin Protein 1e (HP1e) is a testis-expressed gene required for paternal chromosome segregation during the very first embryonic mitosis. (174 aa) |
| | Scm | Polycomb protein Scm; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility; Belongs to the SCM family. (877 aa) |
| | CG10038 | FAM172 family protein homolog CG10038; siRNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: gene silencing by RNA; heterochromatin assembly by small RNA. (325 aa) |
| | Caf1-55 | Probable histone-binding protein Caf1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair; the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex (the NuRD complex), which promotes transcriptional repression by histone deacetylati [...] (430 aa) |
| | Cp190 | Centrosome-associated zinc finger protein CP190; Component of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex which is required for the function of the gypsy chromatin insulator and other endogenous chromatin insulators. Chromatin insulators are regulatory elements which establish independent domains of transcriptional activity within eukaryotic genomes. Insulators have two defining properties; they can block the communication between an enhancer and a promoter when placed between them and can also buffer transgenes from position effect variegation (PEV). Insulators are proposed to structure the [...] (1096 aa) |
| | spn-E | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase spindle-E; Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during spermatogenesis and oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Involved in the repression of LTR retrotransposon copia. Also involved in telomere regulation by repres [...] (1434 aa) |
| | HP1c | Heterochromatin Protein 1c (HP1c) encodes a chromatin binding protein that is involved in telomere capping and transcription regulation and interacts with the zinc-finger proteins encoded by woc and row. (237 aa) |
| | CG6204 | Uncharacterized protein; RNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: pericentric heterochromatin assembly; heterochromatin assembly by small RNA. (903 aa) |
| | XNP | Transcriptional regulator ATRX homolog; XNP (XNP) encodes two protein isoforms that participate in the maintenance of heterochromatin and chromosomal stability. They interact with heterochromatin proteins such as those encoded by Su(var)205 and ADD1; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (1311 aa) |
| | Sce | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-118' of histone H2A, thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2A 'Lys-118' ubiquitination gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. PcG [...] (435 aa) |
| | His1:CG31617 | Histone H1; Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures. (256 aa) |
| | CG7137 | Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8; Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA. Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RRP8 family. (358 aa) |
| | lolal | Longitudinals lacking protein-like; Required, together with Trl, for maintaining the repressed state of target genes including homeotic genes Scr and Ubx. May also be involved in the activation of homeotic genes. Binds to a DNA Polycomb response element (PRE) at the bithorax complex. Also binds to polytene chromosomes at several hundred sites, many of which are shared with Trl and ph-p. Required during embryonic development. (127 aa) |
| | Dcr-2 | Dicer-2, isoform A; Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) encodes a member of the RNase III family of double-stranded RNA-specific endonucleases. It acts in the RNAi pathway by cutting long dsRNA into siRNAs. It helps defend flies against viral infection, particularly RNA viruses. It also processes long, partially double-stranded endogenous transcripts (hairpin RNAs) into endo-siRNAs. (1722 aa) |
| | calypso | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase calypso; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic component of the PR- DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys- 48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. BAP1 subfamily. (471 aa) |
| | Su(var)2-HP2 | Su(Var)2-HP2, isoform A; Su(var)2-HP2 (Su(var)2-HP2) encodes a chromosomal protein that interacts with the product of Su(var)205 and is found most closely associated with centromeric heterochromatin, telomeres and the fourth chromosome. Lack of Su(var)2-HP2 can cause mitotic abnormalities and suppress position-effect variegation. (3257 aa) |
| | cid | Histone H3-like centromeric protein cid; Histone H3-like variant which exclusively replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome core of centromeric chromatin at the inner plate of the kinetochore. Required for recruitment and assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. May serve as an epigenetic mark that propagates centromere identity through replication and cell division. (225 aa) |
| | ADD1 | ADD domain-containing protein 1 (ADD1) encodes a strong Heterochromatin Protein 1 interactor that interacts with methylated H3K9 silencing marks in heterochromatin. (1199 aa) |
| | pho | Polycomb protein PHO; Polycomb group (PcG) protein that binds to the 5'- CNGCCATNNNNG-3' sequence found in the regulatory regions of many genes. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Probably targets the Esc/E(z) complex to DNA. Necessary but no [...] (520 aa) |
| | His1:CG33804 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33810 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33813 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33816 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33819 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33822 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33825 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33828 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33831 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33837 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33840 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33843 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33846 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33849 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33852 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | His1:CG33864 | Chromatin DNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: nucleosome assembly. (256 aa) |
| | Chrac-14 | DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3; Accessory component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex (By similarity). Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication (By similarity). Histone-like protein which promotes nucleosome sliding of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes. Part of the chromatin-accessibility complex (CHRAC) which uses energy/ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin. As an heterodimer with Chrac-16, binds DNA and facilitates nucleosome sliding by Acf. Has a role in DNA damage response by preventing cid mislocalization to chromatin [...] (128 aa) |
| | tefu | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATM; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Required to suppress spontaneous apoptosis of proliferating cells during development, and for their proper differentiation. Required for female fertility. Protects telomeres from fusion, maybe by recruiting or maintaining chromatin- modifying complexes such as Su(var)205/HP1. May activate checkpoint signaling in response to DNA double-stranded breaks induced by low-dose ionizing radiation. May phosphorylate histone H2AV. Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. AT [...] (2767 aa) |
| | Mt2 | Methyltransferase 2 (Mt2) encodes a (cytosine-5) tRNA methyltransferase. The modification protects tRNAs against endonucleolytic cleavage and contributes to stress resistance, protein translation and small RNA-mediated gene regulation; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (345 aa) |
| | egg | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase eggless; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 in ovary. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting Su(var)205/HP1 to methylated histones. Plays a central role during oogenesis; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (1262 aa) |
| | Sfmbt | Polycomb protein Sfmbt; Polycomb group (PcG) protein that binds to the Polycomb response elements (PREs) found in the regulatory regions of many genes. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Necessary but not sufficient to recruit a functional Pc [...] (1243 aa) |
| | gpp | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-79' of histone H3. Required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and trithorax Group (trxG) maintenance of expression. Also involved in telomeric silencing but do not in centric heterochromatin. Probably participates in pairing sensitivity. (2137 aa) |
| | AGO1 | Argonaute-1, isoform A; Argonaute-1 (AGO1) encodes an Argonaute/Piwi family protein, which interacts with microRNAs to form miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs). miRISCs are guided to target and repress mRNAs either by transcript destabilisation, translational inhibition, or both. (984 aa) |
| | Lam | Lamin Dm0; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. May have a role in the localization of the LEM domain proteins Ote, bocks and MAN1 to the nuclear membrane. In spermatocytes, plays a role in maintaining type-A lamin LamC nuclear localization; regulates meiotic cytokinesis by maintaining the structure of the spindle envelope, and by contributing to the formation of the contractile ring and central spindle. (622 aa) |
| | Parg | Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (Parg) encodes a nuclear enzyme that degrades poly(ADP-ribose) to mono(ADP-ribose) from the acceptor proteins after their modification by the product of Parp. It performs several vital roles, including regulation of developmental patterning and germ-line stem cell fate. (723 aa) |
| | corto | Centrosomal and chromosomal factor; Corto (corto) encodes an Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) protein that physically interacts with several Polycomb proteins (encoded by Pc, ph-d, ph-p, esc, E(z)) and ETP (encoded by Trl, Dsp1). It also interacts with the product of CycG, with the methylated product of RpL12 (RPL12K3me3), and co-regulates the transcription of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. (550 aa) |
| | Fmr1 | Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of protein synthesis of mRNAs. Plays a role as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs. Represses translation of the microtubule-associated protein futsch mRNA to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function. May also be involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational suppression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for stability of the central pair of microtubule [...] (729 aa) |
| | su(Hw) | Protein suppressor of hairy wing; Component of the gypsy chromatin insulator complex which is required for the function of the gypsy chromatin insulator and other endogenous chromatin insulators. Chromatin insulators are regulatory elements which establish independent domains of transcriptional activity within eukaryotic genomes. Insulators have two defining properties; they can block the communication between an enhancer and a promoter when placed between them and can also buffer transgenes from position effect variegation (PEV). Insulators are proposed to structure the chromatin fibe [...] (941 aa) |
| | Su(var)3-9 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase Su(var)3-9; Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 using monomethylated H3 'Lys-9' as substrate. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting Su(var)205/HP1 to methylated histones. Mainly functions in heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin at pericentric regions. Involved in heterochromatic gene silencing including the modification of position-effect-variegation. Belongs to the cl [...] (635 aa) |
| | Spps | Sp1-like factor for pairing sensitive-silencing (Spps) encodes a zinc-finger protein in the Sp1/KLF family. It binds to Polycomb response elements, and is required for the recruitment of Polycomb group proteins to some of them. (985 aa) |
| | psq | Pipsqueak, isoform M; Pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. (1123 aa) |
| | Su(z)2 | Suppressor of zeste 2 (Su(z)2) encodes a protein that regulates gene expression by modifying epigenetic marks. The gene is related to Psc and was orginally identified due to its ability to suppress transvection at z. (1396 aa) |
| | z | Regulatory protein zeste; Zeste (z) encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. It is often found in the proximal promoter region of many genes where it helps to recruit the BRM nucleosome remodeling complex. It is best known for the pairing-dependent repressive effects produced by some of its mutants on target genes, especially the w gene. (605 aa) |
| | Top2 | DNA topoisomerase 2; Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks. Essential during mitosis and meiosis for proper segregation of daughter chromosomes. During meiosis, it disrupts heterochromatic connections between achiasmate and chiasmate homologs after spindle assembly so that chromosomes can separate at prometaphase I. During mitosis, it functions in the separation of sister chromatids by establishing amphitelic kinetochore attachments in mitotic spindles. May have a role in chromatin [...] (1447 aa) |
| | chm | Chameau (chm) encodes a histone acetyl transferase involved in epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional control and regulation of replication origin activity. Its functions include modulation of JNK activity and gene regulation by Polycomb group genes; Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (811 aa) |
| | JIL-1 | Chromosomal serine/threonine-protein kinase JIL-1; Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3. May regulate gene expression by establishing or maintaining the structure of more open chromatin regions. Also required for normal polytene chromosome structure, for oogenesis and for viability throughout development. Regulates the structure of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands. May phosphorylate 'Ser-1' of histone H2A. (1207 aa) |
| | Hers | Histone gene-specific epigenetic repressor in late S phase, isoform A; Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; chromatin binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: chromatin silencing; chromatin remodeling. (2529 aa) |
| | Trl | Transcription factor GAGA; Transcriptional activator that functions by regulating chromatin structure. Overcomes the repressive effects of chromatin by promoting the open chromatin conformation in promoter gene regions, thereby allowing access to other transcription factors. Binds to DNA Polycomb response elements (PREs) at the bithorax complex and to the proximal region of the engrailed promoter, and positively regulates transcription of many genes including homeotic ones. Binds to the DNA sequence (GA)n, with optimal binding to the pentamer 5'-GAGAG-3'. Binds DNA as an oligomer. May [...] (623 aa) |
| | Kr | Protein krueppel; Krueppel is a gap class segmentation protein. It is involved in the segmentation of the embryo and in the differentiation of the Malpighian tubules; Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (502 aa) |
| | LamC | Lamin-C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin (By similarity). In spermatocytes, regulates cytokinesis during meiosis. (640 aa) |
| | MRG15 | NuA4 complex subunit EAF3 homolog; Part of the Tip60 chromatin-remodeling complex which is involved in DNA repair. Upon induction of DNA double-strand breaks, this complex acetylates phosphorylated H2AV in nucleosomes and exchanges it with unmodified H2AV. (429 aa) |
| | E(z) | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase E(z); Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the Esc/E(z) complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. While PcG proteins are generally required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, this protein is specifically required during the first 6 hours of embryogenesis to establish the repressed state. The Esc/E(z) complex is necessary but not sufficient for the repression of homeotic target genes, suggesting [...] (765 aa) |
| | htt | Huntington disease protein homolog; Huntingtin (htt) encodes a scaffold protein involved in mitotic spindle orientation, chromatin regulation and axonal transport. It is the ortholog of human HTT and has been manipulated to study Huntington's disease in flies. (3583 aa) |
| | Atf-2 | Activating transcription factor-2 (Atf-2) encodes a trancription factor required for heterochromatin assembly. It is involved in stress response and fat metabolism regulation. (381 aa) |
| | wash | WASH complex subunit 1; Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor by activating the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. Participates in both linear- and branched-actin networks. Functions in linear-filament (bundled F-actin) by acting downstream of Rho1 and regulating actin and microtubule organization during oogenesis. Nucleates actin in an Arp2/3-dependent manner and exhibits F-actin and microtubule bundling and cross-linking activity in the egg chamber. During embryogenesis, acts downstream of Rho1 to activate the Arp2/3 complex which is necessary for the developmental migrat [...] (499 aa) |
| | Dp1 | Dodeca-satellite-binding protein 1 (Dp1) encodes a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that belongs to the vigilin protein family. It binds to target mRNAs and enhances their translation. (1301 aa) |
| | Psc | Polycomb group protein Psc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Needed to maintain e [...] (1601 aa) |
| | phol | Pleiohomeotic like (phol) encodes a zinc-finger protein that is 80% identical in the zinc-finger region to the product of pho. The product of phol plays a role in Polycomb group protein recruitment to Polycomb response elements, but it has additional roles, most likely as a transcriptional activator. (669 aa) |
| | Bin1 | Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18; Involved in the tethering of the SIN3 complex to core histone proteins. Interacts with bicoid (bcd) to repress transcription of bicoid target genes in the anterior tip of the embryo; a process known as retraction. Interacts with Trl and binds to Polycomb response elements at the bithorax complex. May contribute to the regulation of other homeotic gene expressions. (150 aa) |
