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| | dome | Cytokine receptor; Critical for epithelial morphogenesis during oogenesis; border cell migration. Required in the germarium for the polarization of follicle cells during encapsulation of germline cells. Required for embryonic segmentation and trachea specification. Essential receptor molecule for upd and JAK/STAT signaling during oogenesis. (1282 aa) |
| | oc | Homeotic protein ocelliless; Transcriptional regulator involved in pattern formation and cell determination in the embryonic CNS and larval imaginal disks. Also later in development to coordinate the expression of regulatory and structural genes required for photoreceptor cell fate in the ocelli. Has a dual role in the terminal differentiation of subtypes of photoreceptors by regulating rhodopsin (rh) expression: essential for establishing the expression of rh genes in the pale subset of ommatidia as well as repressing Rh6 in outer photoreceptors. Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (664 aa) |
| | upd2 | Unpaired 2 (upd2) encodes a secreted molecule that acts at a distance as a ligand for the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway. upd2 mutants are viable due to redundancy with other Upd-family genes. (406 aa) |
| | Apc2 | Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (Apc2) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary APC family member during embryonic development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc in adult development. (1067 aa) |
| | vas | ATP-dependent RNA helicase vasa; Involved in translational control mechanisms operating in early stages of oogenesis. Required maternally in many stages of oogenesis, including cystocyte differentiation, oocyte differentiation, and specification of anterior-posterior polarity in the developing cysts. Essential for the formation and/or structural integrity of perinuclear nuage particles during germ cell formation. Required for gus, Fsn and aub accumulation at the posterior pole of the embryo. Required for the localization of vas to the perinuclear region of nurse cells. Belongs to the D [...] (661 aa) |
| | Abd-B | Homeobox protein abdominal-B; Abdominal B (Abd-B) is one of the three hox genes of the bithorax complex. The product of Abd-B specifies the identity of the posterior abdominal segments, the external genitalia and the gonads. It is also involved in regulating the post-mating-response. (493 aa) |
| | vvl | POU domain protein CF1A; Binds to a DNA sequence element required for the expression of the dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) in specific dopaminergic neurons. Could also play an early role in specific ectodermal cells, and a subsequent role in the embryonic nervous system. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-3 subfamily. (742 aa) |
| | Rab6 | Ras-related protein Rab6; Protein transport. Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mediates membrane trafficking during egg chamber growth and organization, possibly upstream of exocyst component Sec5. Also during oogenesis, plays a role, together with BicD but independently of Sec5, in the polarization of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton, in the localization of oskar mRNA and in the anterodorsal secretion of grk. Required for anterograde opsin transport through the ER-Golgi complex. Plays a role, together with Rich, in regula [...] (208 aa) |
| | Mer | Moesin/ezrin/radixin homolog 2; Regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. Mer acts synergistically along with Ex and Kibra to regulate t [...] (635 aa) |
| | run | Segmentation protein Runt; Runt (run) encodes an alpha-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It contributes to axon guidance, dendrite morphogenesis and germ-band extension. (510 aa) |
| | rl | Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-A; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway to regulate poliferation, differentiation and effect cell fate decisions in various tissues. Required downstream of phl/Raf in the sev/sevenless, tor/torso, and EGF receptor homolog Egfr signal transduction pathways. Required for embryonic epithelial tissue repair. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (376 aa) |
| | kni | Zygotic gap protein knirps; Transcriptional repressor. Binds to multiple sites in the eve stripe 3 enhancer element. Plays an essential role in the segmentation process both by refining the expression patterns of gap genes and by establishing pair-rules stripes of gene expression. (434 aa) |
| | drm | Protein drumstick; Putative transcription factor. May function redundantly with odd and sob in leg joint formation during the larval stages, acting downstream of Notch activation. Acts in a hierarchy during foregut and hindgut patterning and morphogenesis, antagonizing lin to relieve the repressive effect on bowl. Involved in cell rearrangement during elongation of the embryonic hindgut. Regulates expression of hindgut patterning genes to establish the small intestine region of the embryonic hindgut. Required in the foregut for spatially localized gene expression and morphogenesis of t [...] (88 aa) |
| | ksr | Kinase suppressor of ras (ksr) encodes a MAP-kinase scaffold protein. It mediates the activation of the serine/threonine kinase encoded by Dsor1. (966 aa) |
| | Ser | Protein serrate; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper ectodermal development. Serrate represents an element in a network of interacting molecules operating at the cell surface during the differentiation of certain tissues. (1407 aa) |
| | Raf | Raf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase Raf; Serine/threonine kinase required in the early embryo for the formation of terminal structure. Also required during the proliferation of imaginal cells. May act downstream of Ras85D in the tor signal transduction pathway. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily. (739 aa) |
| | Bx | Beadex, isoform D; Beadex (Bx) encodes a LIM-only protein that regulates activity of LIM-homeodomain proteins such as the product of ap by binding to form hetero-tetramers. It regulates the activity of the product of ap in the wing disc, and presumably other tissues. (424 aa) |
| | cnk | Connector enhancer of KSR protein CNK; Enzyme regulator activity; MAP-kinase scaffold activity; receptor tyrosine kinase binding; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding; protein binding. (1557 aa) |
| | sqh | Spaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. (174 aa) |
| | cni | Protein cornichon; Acts as cargo receptor necessary for the transportation of gurken (grk) to a transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) site and promotes its incorporation into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Associated with gurken, produces a signal received by torpedo resulting in a signaling pathway that first establishes posterior follicle cell fates and normal localization of the anterior and posterior determinants, later they act in a signaling event inducing dorsal follicle cell fates and regulating the dorsal-ventral pattern of egg and embryo. (144 aa) |
| | Cow | Carrier of Wingless (Cow) encodes a secreted heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds the product of wg and increases its extracellular mobility. The binding with the ligand encoded by wg is dependent on heparan sulfate modification of the product of Cow. (632 aa) |
| | IKKepsilon | I-kappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) encodes a serine-threonine kinase that targets the inhibitor of apoptosis encoded by Diap1 for degradation. It also negatively regulates protein kinase C and the dynein adaptor encoded nuf. The product of IKKepsilon contributes to the specification of bristle cells, bristle cell morphogenesis, oocyte polarity, and dendrite development. (720 aa) |
| | Kdm2 | JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 1; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-36' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. (1345 aa) |
| | brat | Brain tumor protein; A NHL-domain family protein that functions a translational repressor to inhibit cell proliferation. Plays a central role in translation repression of hb mRNA by being recruited by nos and pum to the Nanos Response Element (NRE), a 16 bp sequence in the hb mRNA 3'-UTR. Probably recruited by other proteins to repress translation of other mRNAs in other tissues. Involved in the regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell growth. Participates in abdominal segmentation and imaginal disk development. During neuroblast division, segregates asymmetrically and inhibits s [...] (1061 aa) |
| | gcm | Glial cells missing (gcm) encodes an essential zinc finger transcription factor that determines the fate of the lateral glial cells. It is involved in the differentiation of plasmatocytes, tendon cells and specific neurons. (504 aa) |
| | tio | Protein tiptop; Tiptop (tio) and teashirt (tsh) have, on the whole, common activities. Tio and tsh repress each other's expression and tsh has a crucial role for trunk patterning that is in part masked by ectopic expression of tiptop. Both genes share a common activity required for the activation of Ser and svb and the maintenance of en and wg. Belongs to the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (1024 aa) |
| | cad | Homeotic protein caudal; Caudal (cad) is one of a number of transcription factors controlling segmentation of the embryo. Further transcriptional regulation via a 5' flanking region containing DNA replication-related elements (DRE) and by dref also regulated by trh and tgo via the CNS midline element. Alongside Bicoid (bcd), caudal forms concentration gradients down the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis providing positional information and subsequent induction of the gap genes. Plays a role in gastrulation/germ band extension, hindgut morphogenesis, positive regulation of cell proliferatio [...] (445 aa) |
| | Stat92E | Signal-transducer and activator of transcription protein at 92E (Stat92E) encodes a transcription factor that shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus and functions in the JAK/STAT pathway. Its roles include proliferation, growth control, organismal metabolism, cell competition, stem cell self-renewal, immunity and developmental patterning. (818 aa) |
| | orb | Oo18 RNA-binding protein (orb) encodes a RNA-binding protein required for the formation of the egg chamber and establishment of polarity during oogenesis. It is involved in mRNA polyadenylation and the regulation of osk mRNA translation. (915 aa) |
| | tsl | Torso-like (tsl) encodes a protein present in many organs. In particular it is produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber, initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the activation of the receptor encoded by tor. (353 aa) |
| | cic | Putative transcription factor capicua; Transcriptional repressor required for the specification of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Required for terminal patterning of early embryos. May associate with gro to repress tll and hkb, restricting their expression to embryonic terminal poles where they initiate correct development of head and tail structures. Required for dorsoventral patterning of oocytes and early embryos. Cooperates with dl to repress zen and other dorsal specific genes within the embryo and promotes expression of the ventralizing factor pip in ovarian fo [...] (2150 aa) |
| | pum | Maternal protein pumilio; Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that acts as a post- transcriptional repressor by binding the 3'-UTR of mRNA targets. Binds to an RNA consensus sequence, the Pumilio Response Element (PRE), 5'- UGUANAUA-3', that is related to the Nanos Response Element (NRE). Mediates post-transcriptional repression of transcripts via different mechanisms: acts via direct recruitment of deadenylase complexes leading to translational inhibition and mRNA degradation (By similarity). Also mediates deadenylation-independent repression by promoting accessibility of miRNAs. Me [...] (1533 aa) |
| | TfAP-2 | Transcription factor AP-2 (TfAP-2) encodes a transcription factor with essential roles in leg, proboscis, and central nervous system development. It mediates Notch signaling in the developing tarsus. (471 aa) |
| | fs(1)h | Homeotic protein female sterile; Required maternally for proper expression of other homeotic genes involved in pattern formation, such as Ubx. (2046 aa) |
| | Kr | Protein krueppel; Krueppel is a gap class segmentation protein. It is involved in the segmentation of the embryo and in the differentiation of the Malpighian tubules; Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (502 aa) |
| | Gug | Grunge, isoform J; Grunge (Gug) encodes a nuclear repressor protein that likely responds to Egfr signaling to control cell behavior for normal developmental patterning. (2007 aa) |
| | Acsl | Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain, isoform J; Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity; palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity. (728 aa) |
| | apt | Apontic, isoform F; Apontic (apt) encodes a DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator and can function in translational repression. It plays roles in cell migration, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis via STAT signaling pathway inhibition. (499 aa) |
| | Hsp83 | Heat shock protein 83; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Together with Hop and piwi, mediates canalization, also known as develop [...] (717 aa) |
| | Hs3st-B | Heparan sulfate 3-O sulfotransferase-B (Hs3st-B) encodes a heparan sulfate modifying enzyme that transfers a sulfate group to the 3-O position of glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate. It regulates adult midgut homeostasis. (384 aa) |
| | Mad | Mothers against dpp (Mad) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates cellular response to the BMP like ligands encoded by dpp, scw and gbb. Upon phosphorylation by either the products of sax or tkv (type I BMP receptors), it forms a complex with the product of Med and translocates to the nucleus where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (525 aa) |
| | sgg | Protein kinase shaggy; Required for several developmental events such as syncytial blastoderm formation and embryonic segmentation. Is involved in transcriptional regulation. Required for arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of en autoactivation. Negatively controls the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynaptic motoneurons. Plays a role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and actin cytoskeleton during embryogenesis. Required for phosphorylation of sra in activated eggs. Essential for completion of meiosis, possibly by triggering c [...] (1168 aa) |
| | Hakai | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hakai; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required during early development. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. Required for epithelial integrity and midgut morphogenesis. Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and RNA processing. Its function in the WMM complex is unknown. Belongs to the Hakai family. (473 aa) |
| | psq | Pipsqueak, isoform M; Pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. (1123 aa) |
| | stan | Protocadherin-like wing polarity protein stan; Involved in the fz signaling pathway that controls wing tissue polarity. Also mediates homophilic cell adhesion. May play a role in initiating prehair morphogenesis. May play a critical role in tissue polarity and in formation of normal dendrite fields. During planar cell polarity, stabilizes asymmetric PCP domains together with ATP6AP2. (3648 aa) |
| | cnc | Segmentation protein cap'n'collar; Plays a role in posterior cephalic patterning. Probable subunit of a heterodimeric regulatory protein involved in the control of head morphogenesis. Isoform B may have a repressive effect on Dfd response elements, thereby modifying the activity and specificity of the Hox system and moving the body anterior/posterior axis. (1430 aa) |
| | dan | Protein distal antenna; Probable transcription factor with a role in the retinal determination (RD) network. Regulates ato expression and is required for normal R8 induction and differentiation. Danr appears to repress Dan expression, but Dan is required for Danr expression anterior to the morphogenetic furrow (MF). Dan and Danr lie downstream of so and require dac function for highest levels of expression. Contributes to differentiation of antenna-specific characteristics; effector gene that acts downstream of homothorax (hth), Distal-less (Dll), cut (ct) and spineless (ss) genes to c [...] (781 aa) |
| | par-1 | Par-1 (par-1) encodes a protein kinase involved in multiple processes, including microtubule cytoskeleton organization, axis specification and cell polarity. It regulates hippo signaling and osk mRNA localization. (1170 aa) |
| | SoxN | SoxNeuro, isoform B; SoxNeuro (SoxN) encodes an HMG-domain transcription factor. In early embryos it specifies neural progenitors in the central nervous system, while in later embryos it negatively regulates Wg signaling and controls expression of genes required for denticle construction with the product of ovo. (761 aa) |
| | fz2 | Frizzled-2; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...] (806 aa) |
| | RasGAP1 | GTPase-activating protein; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. May function as a negative regulator of Ras85D/Ras1 in the sev signaling pathway. Acts cell autonomously in cone cell precursors as a negative regulator of R7 photoreceptor cell determination. (1181 aa) |
| | fz | Frizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...] (612 aa) |
| | btz | Barentsz, isoform D; Barentsz (btz) encodes a component of the exon junction complex that is recruited to spliced mRNAs to mark where introns have been removed. It is required for the posterior localization of osk mRNA. (806 aa) |
| | spn-F | Protein spindle-F; Plays a role in oocyte axis determination and microtubule organization during oogenesis. Also required for polarized organization of the bristle. Required, with jvl, for activation of the kinase IKKepsilon in the germ line. Also required for localization of IKKepsilon to the distal tip of elongating bristles by acting as an adapter linking IKKepsilon and cytoplasmic dynein. Involved in dendrite pruning in larval sensory neurons during metamorphosis. (376 aa) |
| | qin | Qin (qin) is a piRNA pathway gene that encodes a protein involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing. (1857 aa) |
| | aPKC | Atypical protein kinase C; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is required for apico- basal cell polarity in the germ line as well as in epithelial and neural precursor cells, for epithelial planar cell polarity and for cell proliferation. During oocyte development, required for the posterior translocation of oocyte specification factors and for the posterior establishment of the microtubule organizing center within the presumptive oocyte. Phosphorylates l(2)gl which restricts l(2)gl activity to the oocyte posterior and regulates posterior enrichment of par-1, leading to establishmen [...] (958 aa) |
| | gus | Gustavus (gus) encodes a cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase specificity receptor. It interacts genetically and physically with the product of Cul5, and putatively regulates stability of target proteins including the one encoded by vas. It is involved in oogenesis and germ cell maintenance. (279 aa) |
| | armi | Probable RNA helicase armi; Probable RNA helicase required for axial polarization of the oocyte during early and mid oogenesis. Plays a central role in RNA interference (RNAi) process, a process that mediates mRNA destruction of translational repression. Required for the assembly of the RISC complex, a complex required for target RNA destruction or repression. May be required in the RISC assembly to unwind miRNAs, in the production of single-stranded miRNA from the double-stranded miRNA, a key step in RISC formation. Required both for the translational control of oskar (osk) mRNA and c [...] (1188 aa) |
| | sax | Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Saxophone (sax) encodes a type I BMP receptor. Together with the BMP receptors encoded by tkv and put, it transduces signaling of the BMP ligands encoded by dpp, gbb and scw, in a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic and imaginal disc patterning; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (582 aa) |
| | scrib | Protein lap4; Scribble (scrib) encodes a scaffolding protein that is part of the conserved machinery regulating apicobasal polarity. It acts with the products of dlg1 and l(2)gl to distinguish the basolateral domain of epithelial cells and neuroblasts, via reciprocally antagonistic interactions with the aPKC/par-6 complex that impacts vesicle trafficking. The product of scrib also organizes synaptic architecture and is implicated in learning and memory. (2585 aa) |
| | Hrb27C | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27C; This protein is a component of ribonucleosomes. Could be needed to organize a concentration gradient of a dorsalizing morphogen (Dm) originating in the germinal vesicle. (421 aa) |
| | l(2)gl | Lethal(2) giant larvae protein; Essential for the development of polarized epithelia, for cell polarity associated with asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts during development, and for oocyte polarity formation. Promotes the formation of actin-rich projections at the oocyte cortex and the posterior enrichment of par-1 which is required for oocyte polarization. Regulates the localization of axis-specifying morphogens such as stau and grk. [Isoform p127]: Has an accessory function in control of cell proliferation and differentiation during development. (1161 aa) |
| | Dg | Dystroglycan, isoform D; Dystroglycan (Dg) encodes a major non-integrin extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor that connects the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. It regulates animal survival and temperature preference, muscle integrity, myotendinous and neuromuscular junction formation and function, nervous system development, axon pathfinding, rhabdomere differentiation, neuronal stem cell division and epithelial polarity. (1262 aa) |
| | ss | Spineless, isoform C; Spineless (ss) encodes a protein that plays a key role in defining the distal regions of the antenna and the leg. Its stochastic expression in R7 photoreceptors also controls the expression of color Rhodopsins (the product of Rh4 vs. the product of Rh3) in the two subsets of ommatidia. (1015 aa) |
| | dally | Division abnormally delayed (dally) encodes a core protein of heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the glypican family. It acts as a co-receptor for growth factors and morphogens, such as the products of dpp, wg, hh, upd1 and FGFs, affecting signaling and distribution of these ligands. The roles of the product of dally include wing development and germline stem cell maintenance. (626 aa) |
| | AGO1 | Argonaute-1, isoform A; Argonaute-1 (AGO1) encodes an Argonaute/Piwi family protein, which interacts with microRNAs to form miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs). miRISCs are guided to target and repress mRNAs either by transcript destabilisation, translational inhibition, or both. (984 aa) |
| | clos | Closca (clos) encodes a protein that is required, together with the products of fs(1)N and fs(1)M3, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (1836 aa) |
| | DCP2 | Decapping protein 2 (DCP2) encodes a m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase involved in gene silencing by miRNA and the regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly. (792 aa) |
| | msps | Protein mini spindles; Binds to the plus end of microtubules and regulates microtubule dynamics and microtubule organization. Promotes cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation and elongation. May act as a microtubule antipause factor that rapidly catalyzes the transition from pause to either growth or shrinkage. Involved in mitotic spindle elongation. Involved in the establishment of cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation in neuroblasts. Required for maintaining the bipolarity of acentrosomal meiotic spindles; the function is dependent on tacc and involves ncd. Involved in oocyte micr [...] (2082 aa) |
| | exu | Maternal protein exuperantia; Ensures the proper localization of the mRNA of the bicoid gene to the anterior regions of the oocyte thus playing a fundamental role in the establishment of the polarity of the oocyte. May bind the bcd mRNA. (532 aa) |
| | ovo | Transcriptional activator shavenbaby; Transcriptional regulator with essential functions in the germline and soma. Plays an essential role in regulating the formation of apical cell extensions such as denticles and aristae, and initiating cytoskeletal remodeling during epidermal differentiation. [Transcriptional activator shavenbaby]: Transcriptional activator which initiates trichome development and also promotes tarsal joint development. Has an essential somatic role regulating the tal-dependent formation of trichomes, and initiating cytoskeletal remodeling during epidermal different [...] (1351 aa) |
| | CG15930 | Tudor domain-containing protein. (513 aa) |
| | dlg1 | Disks large 1 tumor suppressor protein; During embryonic development, some isoforms are essential for proper neuronal differentiation and organization. Required for cell polarity; maintenance of apicobasal polarity. Plays a critical role at septate junctions in cellular growth control during larval development. The presence of a guanylate kinase domain suggests involvement in cellular adhesion as well as signal transduction to control cellular proliferation. (1030 aa) |
| | mon2 | Protein MON2 homolog; May be required for traffic between late Golgi and early endosomes. (1684 aa) |
| | dysf | Dysfusion, isoform D; Dysfusion (dysf) encodes a transcription factor that forms a DNA binding complex with the product of tgo to activate target genes. It is involved in in migration, adhesion, and fusion of tracheal cells, as well as tarsal joint formation during leg development. (920 aa) |
| | kis | Kismet, isoform C; Kismet (kis) encodes a chromodomain containing ATP-dependent transcription factor that controls gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. The roles of the product of kis include developmental patterning of the embryo, cell proliferation, eye development, synaptic transmission, axonal pruning, and memory. (5517 aa) |
| | frc | UDP-sugar transporter UST74c; Involved in the import of UDP-sugars from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen; Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35D subfamily. (373 aa) |
| | Doa | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Doa; Negative regulator of the copia retrotransposon element of the white (w) gene. In the eye, it is required for normal pigmentation, photoreceptor cell development and for organization of interommatidial bristles. Also essential for embryonic segmentation and differentiation of the nervous system. Functions in the control of alternative splicing by phosphorylating the arginine/serine-rich splicing factors, SR proteins; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Lammer subfamily. (2045 aa) |
| | capu | Cappuccino (capu) encodes a formin family protein that nucleates actin filaments and accelerates their elongation. It works with the product of spir to build an actin mesh that fills the oocyte during mid-oogenesis. capu is necessary for polarity establishment and female fertility. (1361 aa) |
| | Dsp1 | High mobility group protein DSP1; Binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double- stranded DNA. (397 aa) |
| | egl | Egalitarian, isoform B; Egalitarian (egl) encodes an RNA binding protein that links specific mRNAs to the minus end-directed microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein-1. (1004 aa) |
| | jing | Zinc finger protein jing; May functionally interact with Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins to repress transcription (Probable). Required for Egfr pathway function and MAPK activity in CNS midline and tracheal placodes and for CNS axon development and tracheal tubule development. Required to establish the primary axon scaffold in the brain and for lateral positioning of longitudinal glia, longitudinal axons and neurons. Required for glial survival. Required to establish the proximo-distal axis of the developing leg and for wing vein and alula development. Required [...] (1744 aa) |
| | skd | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). Required [...] (2768 aa) |
| | kn | Transcription factor collier; May act as a 'second-level regulator' of head patterning. Required for establishment of the PS(-1)/PS0 parasegmental border and formation of the intercalary segment. Required for expression of the segment polarity genes hedgehog, engrailed and wingless, and the segment-identity genes CAP and collar in the intercalary segment. Required at the onset of the gastrulation for the correct formation of the mandibular segment. (689 aa) |
| | pan | Protein pangolin, isoform J; Pangolin (pan) encodes an HMG-domain transcription factor that is a key component of the canonical Wingless signaling pathway. It toggles between acting as a transcriptional repressor (when bound to the product of gro) and activator (when bound to the product of arm) to promote cell fate specification. (1192 aa) |
| | baz | Bazooka, isoform B; Bazooka (baz) encodes a scaffold protein that forms a complex with the products of par-6 and aPKC and with other cortical, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. It functions in cell polarization pathways in epithelial, neuronal and other cell types. (1520 aa) |
| | hh | Protein hedgehog C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune r [...] (471 aa) |
| | rdx | Protein roadkill; Involved in segment polarity. In complex with gft/CUL3, promotes ubiquitination of ci and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome, which results in hh signaling attenuation. This regulation may be important during eye formation for proper packing of ommatidia into a hexagonal array. (829 aa) |
| | h | Hairy (h) encodes a bHLH transcriptional repressor that recruits the corepressor encoded by gro to target promoters. It is a pair-rule gene that contributes to embryonic segmentation and peripheral neurogenesis. (337 aa) |
| | Chc | Clathrin heavy chain (Chc) encodes a protein that forms part of the clathrin complex, which is the major component of coated vesicles. (1678 aa) |
| | Pka-C1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in memory formation. Promotes long-term memory by phosphorylating meng and by regulating CrebB protein stability and activity. As part of ethanol response in the glia, mediates ethanol-induced structural remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and perineurial membrane topology when anchored to the membrane. (353 aa) |
| | chic | Profilin; Chickadee (chic) encodes an actin monomer binding protein that provides the major cellular pool of readily polymerizing ATP-actin monomers. It is involved in oogenesis, spermatogenesis, cell division, bristle formation, cellular morphogenesis, axon growth, filopodia formation, dorsal closure, wound healing and stem cell maintenance. (126 aa) |
| | arm | Armadillo segment polarity protein; Isoform neural may associate with CadN and participate in the transmission of developmental information. Can associate with alpha- catenin. Isoform cytoplasmic accumulates through wg signaling; arm function in wg signal transduction is required early in development for determination of neuroblast fate. Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis. Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (843 aa) |
| | Tm1 | Tropomyosin-1, isoforms 9A/A/B; Tropomyosin, in association with the troponin complex, plays a central role in the calcium dependent regulation of muscle contraction; Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (711 aa) |
| | glo | Glorund, isoform A; Glorund (glo) encodes a hnRNP F/H family RNA-binding protein that binds directly to nos mRNA and regulates its translation during late stages of oogenesis. The functions of the product of glo include nurse cell nuclear chromatin organization, axis patterning as well as being required for viability to adulthood. (586 aa) |
| | csul | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5; Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) (By similarity). Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins SmD1 and SmD3. Required for arginine symmetrical dimethylation of piwi family proteins, piwi, aub and AGO3, during germline development. Required during oogenesis for pole cell formation in the pathway controlled by oskar (osk) and for abdominal segments during early embryogenesis. [...] (610 aa) |
| | didum | Dilute class unconventional myosin (didum) encodes a class V unconventional myosin that binds actin and hydrolyzes ATP. It functions in mRNA localization in the oocyte, spermatid individualization during spermatogenesis, transport of pigment granules in photoreceptors and mitochondrial transport in neuronal cells; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1800 aa) |
| | mael | Protein maelstrom; Involved both in the piRNA and miRNA metabolic processes. As a component of the meiotic nuage, plays a central role during oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Repression of transposable elements is mediated via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the repression of transposons. As a nuclear component, it is required for proper differentiation in t [...] (462 aa) |
| | osa | Trithorax group protein osa; Trithorax group (trxG) protein required for embryonic segmentation, development of the notum and wing margin, and photoreceptor differentiation. Required for the activation of genes such as Antp, Ubx and Eve. Binds to DNA without specific affinity, suggesting that it is recruited to promoters by promoter-specific proteins. Essential component of the Brahma complex, a multiprotein complex which is the equivalent of the yeast SWI/SNF complex and acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. Thi [...] (2716 aa) |
| | pb | Homeotic protein proboscipedia; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Controls development of mouthparts, and labial and maxillary palps. (782 aa) |
| | ci | Transcriptional activator cubitus interruptus; Has a dual function as a transcriptional activator and a repressor of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. The full-length ci form (ciFL), acts as an activator (ciA) while ciR, its C-terminally truncated form, acts as a repressor. Involved in segment polarity. Required for the normal development of the posterior half of each embryonic segment. Engrailed protein directly represses ci expression in posterior compartment cells. Essential component of a hh-signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune response to bacterial uracil; requ [...] (1397 aa) |
| | lgs | Protein BCL9 homolog; Legless (lgs) encodes a conserved transcriptional cofactor of the product of arm that is essential for the transcription of Wingless target genes. It contributes to growth regulation, cell survival and developmental patterning. (1469 aa) |
| | tor | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor torso; Probable receptor tyrosine kinase which is required for determination of anterior and posterior terminal structures in the embryo. During postembryonic development, involved in the initiation of metamorphosis probably by inducing the production of ecdysone in response to prothoracicotropic hormone Ptth. Binding to Ptth stimulates activation of canonical MAPK signaling leading to ERK phosphorylation (By similarity). (923 aa) |
| | Vps25 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). Seems to function as a tumor suppressor by regulating Notch trafficking, hence preventing non-autonomous overproliferation. May be invo [...] (174 aa) |
| | DCTN2-p50 | Dynactin 2, p50 subunit (DCTN2-p50) encodes a subunit of the dynactin complex. Together with other members of the dynactin complex, the product of DCTN2-p50 is critical for most functions of the minus end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1, including oocyte polarity, mRNA localization, centrosome localizations, spindle organization, endocytosis and axonal transport. (380 aa) |
| | tsu | RNA-binding protein 8A; Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. The mago-tsu heterodimer interacts with the EJC key regulator Pym leading to EJC disassembly in the cytoplasm. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte. Belongs to the RBM8A family. (165 aa) |
| | eve | Segmentation protein even-skipped; May play a role in determining neuronal identity. May be directly involved in specifying identity of individual neurons. Pair- rule protein required for segmentation; involved in transforming the broad, spatial, aperiodic expression patterns of the gap genes into a system of precise periodic expression patterns of the pair-rule and segmentary polarity genes; Belongs to the even-skipped homeobox family. (376 aa) |
| | en | Segmentation polarity homeobox protein engrailed; Engrailed (en) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is essential for posterior compartment identity and for compartment boundary formation and maintenance. It positively regulates the hh gene and negatively regulates the Hedgehog targets encoded by ci, ptc and dpp. (552 aa) |
| | cuff | Cutoff (cuff) encodes a protein that interacts with the products of rhi and del in a germline complex that allows noncanonical transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters. The product of cuff is therefore an integral part of the piRNA response to transposon activity in the germline. In its absence, a DNA damage checkpoint is activated leading to ventralization of the egg and embryo. (384 aa) |
| | SmD3 | Small ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmD3 (SmD3) encodes an RNA binding protein that forms a heterodimeric sub-complex with the product of SmB. They function as part of the heteroheptameric ring complex Sm core, which is involved in the formation of spliceosomal small nuclear RNPs (U1, U2, U4 and U5), which together catalyze pre-mRNA splicing. The product of SmD3 also has a function in germline specification, as it is required for localization of the product of osk to the posterior pole of the oocyte. (151 aa) |
| | bic | Transcription factor BTF3; Bicaudal (bic) encodes the beta subunit of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex. It regulates osk mRNA localization, which in turn specifies the anterior/posterior axis of the egg. (169 aa) |
| | arr | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; Arrow (arr) encodes a type I trans-membrane protein and functions as an obligate co-receptor with the product of fz for the ligand encoded by wg in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The product of arr is involved in developmental patterning, cell survival and growth regulation; Belongs to the LDLR family. (1678 aa) |
| | tej | FI02030p; It is involved in the biological process described with: negative regulation of transposition; piRNA biosynthetic process; oocyte karyosome formation. (559 aa) |
| | calypso | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase calypso; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic component of the PR- DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-118' (H2AK118ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. The PR-DUB complex has weak or no activity toward 'Lys- 48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. BAP1 subfamily. (471 aa) |
| | krimp | FI20010p1; Metal ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification; negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation; oocyte karyosome formation. (746 aa) |
| | Khc | Kinesin heavy chain; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily. (975 aa) |
| | Cdk4 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) encodes a protein that contributes to cell cycle progression and cell growth. It is involved in the regulation of JAK-STAT and TORC1 signalling pathways. (317 aa) |
| | stau | Maternal effect protein staufen; RNA-binding protein which forms ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that play critical roles in the localization, translational repression and turnover of RNAs during embryogenesis, neurotransmission and neurogenesis. In the oocyte, essential for the localization of both the osk/oskar mRNA to the posterior pole and bcd/bicoid RNA to the anterior pole, and is therefore required for the correct anterior- posterior patterning of the developing embryo. Association with osk or bcd at their respective poles, appears to promote the formation and stabilization o [...] (1026 aa) |
| | fj | Extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase four-jointed; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase required for intermediate growth in the proximal-distal axis. Phosphorylates specific residues within extracellular cadherin domains of Fat (ft) and Dachsous (ds) as they transit through the Golgi. Acts in ommatidial polarity determination as a secondary signal downstream of Notch, JAK/STAT and wingless. Also necessary for the initiation, up- regulation or maintenance of Notch ligand, Serrate (Ser) expression in legs, thereby participating in a feedback loop with N signaling. Sufficient fo [...] (583 aa) |
| | tapas | Tapas, isoform B; It is involved in the biological process described with: negative regulation of transposition; piRNA biosynthetic process. (1222 aa) |
| | Mgat1 | Mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Mgat1) encodes an enzyme involved in the synthesis of paucimannose N-glycans. It is required in the CNS, with involvement in locomotion, brain development and lifespan. (458 aa) |
| | ap | Apterous (ap) encodes a transcription factor that functions in a tetramer consisting of a dimer of the product of Chi and two monomers ODF the product of ap. It contributes to the dorsal identity of wing cells, muscle development, juvenile hormone production and neuronal path finding. (469 aa) |
| | tsh | Protein teashirt; Homeotic protein that acts downstream of Arm in the Wg cascade during embryogenesis to determine segment identity throughout the entire trunk. Acts cooperatively with other trunk homeotic proteins to repress head homeotic genes and therefore repress head segmental identity. Necessary, in combination with Scr, for the formation of the prothoracic segment. Promotes eye development in the dorsal region of the eye disk and suppresses eye development in the ventral region in combination with Wg-signaling and several early dorso-ventral eye patterning genes. Required for pr [...] (954 aa) |
| | pygo | Pygopus (pygo) encodes a key nuclear component of the Wnt signaling pathway. It facilitates the recruitment of the product of arm to Wnt-responsive genes by interacting with the transcription cofactor encoded by Chi. It also binds the product of lgs and the methylated tail of the product of His3. Together, they associate with the product of arm in a process that may function as a transition from gene silence to Wnt-induced transcription. (815 aa) |
| | tll | Protein tailless; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity. This receptor binds to the consensus sequence [AG][AG]AAGTCAA. Plays a key role in the establishment of non-metameric domains at the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo. It may also play a role in the nervous system. The maternal terminal pathway activates the tll gene in the termini; TLL activity then represses segmentation and activ [...] (452 aa) |
| | Sry-delta | Serendipity locus protein delta; Transcriptional activator that controls bicoid gene expression during oogenesis. Found in transcriptionally active cells. Binds to specific sites on polytene chromosomes of third instar larvae. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-YTAGAGATGGRAA-3'. (433 aa) |
| | Axn | Axin (Axn) encodes the key scaffolding protein for the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. In the absence of signal, it targets the product of arm for proteolysis inhibiting Wnt signalling. In the presence of signal, it forms a part of the membrane activation complex, disrupting the product of arm degradation. This pathway play roles in cell proliferation (imaginal disc), differentiation (embryonic patterning), death and stemness. (745 aa) |
| | Apc | APC-like, isoform A; APC-like (Apc) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary family member during CNS and eye development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc2 in adult development. (2417 aa) |
| | danr | Protein distal antenna-related; Probable transcription factor with a role in the retinal determination (RD) network. Regulates ato expression and is required for normal R8 induction and differentiation. Danr appears to repress Dan expression, but Dan is required for Danr expression anterior to the morphogenetic furrow (MF). Dan and Danr lie downstream of so and require dac function for highest levels of expression. Contributes to differentiation of antenna-specific characteristics; effector gene that acts downstream of homothorax (hth), Distal-less (Dll), cut (ct) and spineless (ss) ge [...] (419 aa) |
| | Dcr-1 | Endoribonuclease Dcr-1; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger. May carry out the initiation step of RNAi by cleaving dsRNA to produce 22 bp dsRNAs (siRNAs) which target the selective destruction of homologous RNAs. During embryogenesis, involved in germline fate determination; Belongs to the helicase family. Dicer subfamily. (2249 aa) |
| | vret | Protein vreteno; Gonad-specific protein essential for germline development to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues by mediating the repression of transposable elements during meiosis. Required for primary piRNA biogenesis in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues. (691 aa) |
| | lsn | Vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8; Larsen (lsn), also known as Vacuolar protein sorting 22, encodes a member of the ESCRT-II complex, which sorts certain endocytosed receptors for degradation via the multivesicular body. As part of this complex, it also has a role in bcd RNA localization. (254 aa) |
| | mira | Miranda, isoform A; Miranda (mira) encodes a cytoplasmic and cortical scaffolding protein that binds the products of pros, stau and brat. It is asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins. (829 aa) |
| | Dl | Neurogenic locus protein delta; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper differentiation of ectoderm. Dl is required for the correct separation of neural and epidermal cell lineages. Fringe (fng) acts in the Golgi to determine the type of O-linked fucose on the EGF modules in N, altering the ability of N to bind with Delta (Dl). O-fut1 also has a role in modulating the interaction. (833 aa) |
| | nos | Protein nanos; Maternal RNA-binding protein that is required for germ cells proliferation and self-renewal. Acts by forming a complex with pum and brat that regulates translation and mRNA stability. The complex binds to the Nanos Response Element (NRE), a 16 bp sequence in the hb mRNA 3'-UTR and prevents its translation. Controls posterior development. Rescuing factor for the abdominal defect of posterior group mutants. The other posterior group genes are not required for nanos function but rather play a role in localization or distribution of nanos protein. (401 aa) |
| | Ubx | Homeotic protein ultrabithorax; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Binds the consensus region 5'-TTAAT[GT][GA]-3'. This homeotic protein controls development of the cells in the posterior thoracic and first abdominal segments. It activates the synthesis of the decapentaplegic (DPP) growth factor; Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. (389 aa) |
| | CSN5 | COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5; Probable protease subunit of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of the SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF. In the complex, it probably acts as the catalytic center that mediates the cleavage of Nedd8 from cullins. It however has no metalloprotease activity by itself and requires the other subunits of [...] (327 aa) |
| | pnr | GATA-binding factor A; Transcriptional regulator involved in several developmental processes during embryonic and imaginal disks development. Involved in determining dorsal cell fate. Acts as an essential transcriptional regulator of proneural achaete-scute complex (AS-C) and is required for its spatial regulation during development of the adult peripheral nervous system, and hence for the positioning of neural precursors. It is the only factor to directly activate AS-C genes. (540 aa) |
| | spn-E | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase spindle-E; Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during spermatogenesis and oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Involved in the repression of LTR retrotransposon copia. Also involved in telomere regulation by repres [...] (1434 aa) |
| | Caf1-55 | Probable histone-binding protein Caf1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair; the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex (the NuRD complex), which promotes transcriptional repression by histone deacetylati [...] (430 aa) |
| | CycC | Cyclin-C; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Binds to and activates cyclin- dependent kinase Cdk8 that phosphoryla [...] (267 aa) |
| | CG9925 | RE70955p; It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of innate immune response; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium. (892 aa) |
| | ems | Empty spiracles (ems) encodes a homeotic selector gene that encodes a transcription factor involved in spiracle morphogenesis, axogenesis, and development of the ventral nerve cord, brain and tracheal system; Belongs to the EMX homeobox family. (494 aa) |
| | sqd | RNA-binding protein squid; This protein is a component of ribonucleosomes. Could be needed to organize a concentration gradient of a dorsalizing morphogen (Dm) originating in the germinal vesicle. At least one of the isoforms is essential in somatic tissues. (344 aa) |
| | hth | Homeobox protein homothorax; All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle. Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac. Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd). Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt [...] (487 aa) |
| | rump | Rumpelstiltskin, isoform A; Rumpelstiltskin (rump) encodes the Drosophila hnRNP M homolog. It binds to nos and osk mRNAs and plays a role in mRNA localization to the germ plasm by diffusion/entrapment during late stages of oogenesis. It also binds to exonic splicing enhancers on pre-mRNA targets, implicating it as a splicing factor. (632 aa) |
| | Ras85D | Ras-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa) |
| | tgo | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator homolog; Heterodimers of tgo/trh are involved in the control of breathless expression. Plays a role in the cellular or tissue response to oxygen deprivation. (642 aa) |
| | osk | Maternal effect protein oskar; Organizes the germ plasm and directs localization of the posterior determinant nanos. Oskar protein is required to keep nos RNA and staufen protein at the posterior pole. (606 aa) |
| | hb | Protein hunchback; Gap class segmentation protein that controls development of head structures; Belongs to the hunchback C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (758 aa) |
| | CG7483 | Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III; ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization at the posterior pole of the developing oocyte. (399 aa) |
| | lab | Homeotic protein labial; Labial (lab) encodes the anterio-most expressed member of the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C), one of two Hox gene complexes. Members of the ANT-C control the identity of segments that contribute to the head and the anterior thorax. The product of lab specifies the identity of the intercalary segment and also functions in the development of copper cells in the midgut. (629 aa) |
| | bcd | Homeotic protein bicoid; Segment polarity protein that provides positional cues for the development of head and thoracic segments. Regulates the expression of zygotic genes, possibly through its homeodomain, and inhibits the activity of other maternal gene products. May also bind RNA. Interacts with Bin1 to repress transcription of bicoid target genes in the anterior tip of the embryo; a process known as retraction. (494 aa) |
| | Antp | Homeotic protein antennapedia; Antennapedia (Antp) is the distal-most member of the Antennapedia complex; one of two Hox gene complexes. Antp encodes a sequence-specific homeodomain transcription factor, which is part of a developmental regulatory system that specifies segmental identity in the pro- and mesothorax. In adults Antp loss of function is associated with a transformation of leg into antenna while ectopic expression in the head is associated with antenna to leg and eye to wing transformations. (378 aa) |
| | ftz | Segmentation protein fushi tarazu; May play a role in determining neuronal identity, may be directly involved in specifying identity of individual neurons. Required during embryogenesis for the process of body segmentation. Homeotic protein, required in alternating segment primordia, it specifies the correct number of segments. (410 aa) |
| | Dfd | Homeotic protein deformed; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Homeotic protein controlling Drosophila head development. Transcriptional activator of the apoptotic activator protein rpr in cells at the maxillary/mandibular boundary; Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Deformed subfamily. (586 aa) |
| | spir | Protein spire; Acts as an actin nucleation factor, remains associated with the slow-growing pointed end of the new filament. Promotes dissociation of capu from the barbed end of actin filaments. Involved in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport. Required for localization of determinants within the developing oocyte to the posterior pole and to the dorsal anterior corner. Links Rho family signaling and Jnk function to the actin cytoskeleton. (1020 aa) |
| | vls | Protein valois; Involved in specific localization of cytoplasmic proteins during the formation of pole plasm. Required for synthesis and/or stability of oskar protein (osk) and localization of tudor (tud) in both the nuage and posterior pole of the oocyte. Required for normal posterior localization of osk in later stages of oogenesis and for posterior localization of the vasa (vas) protein during the entire process of pole plasm assembly. May act by regulating the complex that contains the arginine N-methyltransferase csul. (367 aa) |
| | prd | Segmentation protein paired; Paired (prd) is a paired-rule gene that encodes a transcription factor with two independent DNA binding domains, a paired domain and a homeodomain. Its roles include embryonic segmentation, accessory gland development and male fertility. (613 aa) |
| | Ge-1 | Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4 homolog; In the process of mRNA degradation, seems to play a role in mRNA decapping. Required for silencing a subset of endogenous miRNA targets. (1354 aa) |
| | aub | Protein aubergine; Acts via the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. In ovary, associates predominantly with antisense piRNAs that contain uridine at their 5' end. In testis, associates with [...] (866 aa) |
| | trk | Trunk (trk) encodes one of its cleaved forms acts as the ligand for the receptor encoded by tor in the early embryo; Belongs to the noggin family. (235 aa) |
| | Grip75 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 4 homolog; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (650 aa) |
| | grk | Protein gurken; Critical for defining the anterior-posterior and dorsal- ventral axes of the egg. May signal directly to dorsal follicle cells through the receptor torpedo (top). During oogenesis this signaling pathway instructs follicle cells to follow a dorsal pathway of development rather than the default ventral pathway. (295 aa) |
| | wol | Dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase; Required for normal production of N-glycosylated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Required for embryonic segmentation, dorsal-ventral patterning and gastrulation. Required for chitin orientation and shaping of the apical and lateral plasma membranes of epidermal cells during cuticle differentiation. Also required for correctly shaping apical membrane topology of the epithelia of other organs such as the midgut and the hindgut. (326 aa) |
| | Rbsn-5 | Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn-5) encodes a Rab5-binding effector that controls entry of endocytosed cargo into the early endosome. (505 aa) |
| | wg | Protein wingless; Binds as a ligand to a family of frizzled seven-transmembrane receptors and acts through a cascade of genes on the nucleus. Segment polarity protein. May be a growth factor. Acts on neighboring cells to regulate at least one gene, the homeobox segmentation gene engrailed. Wg signal represses arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of engrailed autoactivation. Wg and Wnt2 have a role in the developing trachea and together are responsible for all dorsal trunk formation. Wg also acts in the developing epidermis. Acts as a morphogen, [...] (468 aa) |
| | ihog | Interference hedgehog (ihog) encodes a type 1 membrane protein that acts as a co-receptor for the product of hh upstream or at the level of the receptor encoded by ptc. It interacts with the products of disp, dlp, dally and shf. It is involved in imaginal pattern formation and embryonic cuticle pattern formation. (886 aa) |
| | lost | LD30155p; Lost (lost) encodes a protein that interacts with the RNA-binding protein encoded by rump for posterior localization of mRNAs by diffusion/entrapment during late stages of oogenesis. The identification of the product of lost in various RNP complexes suggests a broad role in RNA metabolism. (545 aa) |
| | MED31 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 31; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated t [...] (204 aa) |
| | disp | Dispatched (disp) encodes a multipass transmembrane protein and a member of the RND transporter family. It is required for the release and long-range activity of the lipid-modified product of hh from producing cells. The products of hh and disp control cell growth, survival, fate, and patterning. (1218 aa) |
| | Pc | Polycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa) |
| | croc | Fork head domain-containing protein crocodile; Required for the establishment of head structures. Required to function as an early patterning gene in the anterior-most blastoderm head segment anlage and for the establishment of a specific head skeletal structure that derives from the non-adjacent intercalary segment at a later stage of embryogenesis. Binds the consensus DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3'. (508 aa) |
| | Mkrn1 | Makorin 1, isoform A; Ubiquitin protein ligase activity; metal ion binding; ubiquitin-protein transferase activity; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: protein polyubiquitination; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of oogenesis. (386 aa) |
| | fng | Fringe glycosyltransferase; Glycosyltransferase involved in the elongation of O-linked ligands to activate Notch signaling. Possesses fucose-specific beta- 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; extends the O-linked fucose on the Notch EGF repeats. Boundary-specific cell-signaling molecule that is responsible for dorsal-ventral cell interactions during wing development. (412 aa) |
| | smo | Protein smoothened; Segment polarity protein required for correct patterning of every segment. G protein-coupled receptor that associates with the patched protein (ptc) to transduce the hedgehog (hh) signal through the activation of an inhibitory G-protein. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a hh-signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune response to bacterial uracil; required to activate Cad99C-dependent endosome formation, norpA-dependent Ca2+ mobilization and p38 MAPK, which a [...] (1036 aa) |
| | spen | Protein split ends; Probable corepressor protein, which regulates different key pathways such as the EGF receptor and Wg pathways. Involved in neuronal cell fate, survival and axon guidance, cell cycle regulation and repression of head identity in the embryonic trunk. May act with the Hox gene Deformed and the EGF receptor signaling pathway. Positive regulator of the Wg pathway in larval tissues but not in embryonic tissues. May act as a transcriptional corepressor protein, which repress transcription via the recruitment of large complexes containing histone deacetylase proteins. (5560 aa) |
| | papi | Tudor and KH domain-containing protein homolog; Involved in the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins, and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons which is essential for germline integrity. Likely to act by recruiting Piwi proteins such as AGO3 and piwi to the piRNA biogenesis machinery in the nuage. Required for the final steps of primary piRNA biogenesis by participating in the 3' end-trimming of piwi-bound intermediates in [...] (576 aa) |
| | Su(dx) | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Su(dx); E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Down-regulates Notch/N signaling pathway, probably by promoting Notch ubiquitination, endocytosis and degradation. Involved in wing growth and leg joint formation. (949 aa) |
| | lilli | AF4/FMR2 family member lilli; Has a role in transcriptional regulation. Acts in parallel with the Ras/MAPK and the PI3K/PKB pathways in the control of cell identity and cellular growth. Essential for regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell growth but not for cell proliferation or growth rate. Required specifically for the microtubule-based basal transport of lipid droplets. Plays a partially redundant function downstream of Raf in cell fate specification in the developing eye. Pair-rule protein that regulates embryonic cellularization, gastrulation and segmentation. Belongs to the AF4 [...] (1673 aa) |
| | sob | Protein sister of odd and bowel; Pair-rule protein that determines both the size and polarity of even-numbered as well as odd-numbered parasegments during embryogenesis. DNA-binding transcription factor that acts primarily as a transcriptional repressor but can also function as a transcriptional activator, depending on the stage of development and spatial restrictions (By similarity). May function redundantly with odd and drm in leg joint formation during the larval stages, acting downstream of Notch activation. (578 aa) |
| | odd | Protein odd-skipped; Pair-rule protein that determines both the size and polarity of even-numbered as well as odd-numbered parasegments during embryogenesis. DNA-binding transcription factor that acts primarily as a transcriptional repressor but can also function as a transcriptional activator, depending on the stage of development and spatial restrictions. May function redundantly with odd and drm in leg joint formation during the larval stages, acting downstream of Notch activation. (392 aa) |
| | slp1 | Sloppy paired 1 (slp1) encodes a transcription factor of the fork-head family that functions by interacting with the corepressor encoded by gro. The product of slp1 regulates a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic segmentation, ventral fate specification in the retina, and temporal patterning of the neuroblasts that produce medulla neurons. (322 aa) |
| | bowl | Protein bowel; Putative transcription factor. Required for leg joint formation, acting downstream of Notch to pattern the leg tarsal segments. Functions in the terminal pathway during embryogenesis, acting downstream of tll in the posterior of the embryo. Acts in a hierarchy downstream of drm and lin during foregut and hindgut patterning and morphogenesis. Involved in cell rearrangement during elongation of the embryonic hindgut. Regulates expression of hindgut patterning genes to establish the small intestine region of the embryonic hindgut. Required in the foregut for spatially local [...] (744 aa) |
| | sfl | Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase; Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N- deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Plays a role in diffusion of morphogen wingless (wg) via its role in heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) biosynthesis, HSPGs being required for movement of wg morphogens. Required for wg signaling dur [...] (1048 aa) |
| | sgl | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. Required for wingless signaling in different tissues; Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family. (476 aa) |
| | CTCF | GH14774p; CTCF (CTCF) encodes a ubiquitous transcription factor that binds to insulators and domain boundaries. It mediates insulator function and blocks enhancers by binding to the product of Cp190. It contributes to long-range chromatin interaction, organizes chromatin domain boundaries and coordinates nuclear architecture. (818 aa) |
| | Shc | SHC-adaptor protein (Shc) encodes a protein involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. It regulates anti-parasitoid immune response and tracheal development. (409 aa) |
| | Cdk8 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 8; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. May phosphorylate the CTD (C- terminal domain) of th [...] (454 aa) |
| | wls | Protein wntless; A segment polarity gene required for wingless (wg)-dependent patterning processes, acting in both wg-sending cells and wg-target cells. In non-neuronal cells wls directs wg secretion. The wls traffic loop encompasses the Golgi, the cell surface, an endocytic compartment and a retrograde route leading back to the Golgi, and involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the retromer complex (a conserved protein complex consisting of Vps35 and Vps26). In neuronal cells (the larval motorneuron NMJ), the wg signal moves across the synapse via the release of wls-containing exos [...] (594 aa) |
| | rt | Protein O-mannosyltransferase 1; Rotated abdomen (rt) encodes a protein that transfers a mannose to the Ser/Thr residues of the product of Dg, via forming an heterodimer with the product of tw. Its roles include myogenesis, muscle architecture and cell adhesion. (886 aa) |
| | Vps36 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). ESCRT-II interacts, through the Vps36 subunit, with bicoid mRNA. This interaction is required for the anterior localization of bicoid m [...] (399 aa) |
| | D | Dichaete (D) encodes an HMG-domain protein and member of the Sox family of transcription factors. Its roles include hindgut development, embryonic segmentation, and nervous system development. (382 aa) |
| | dlp | Dally-like, isoform A; Dally-like (dlp) encodes a glypican that regulates the signaling strength and range of the morphogens encoded by hh and wg; Belongs to the glypican family. (765 aa) |
| | AGO2 | Protein argonaute-2; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger; Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily. (1217 aa) |
| | nkd | Protein naked cuticle; Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. May activate a second Wnt signaling pathway that controls planar cell polarity. Required for neuroblast specification. Belongs to the NKD family. (928 aa) |
| | kto | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for leg and ey [...] (2531 aa) |
| | CG15042 | Uncharacterized protein. (436 aa) |
| | fu | Serine/threonine-protein kinase fused; Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase; maternally required for correct patterning in the posterior part of each embryonic metamere. May be involved in control of cell division during metamorphosis and ovarian development. May interact with costal-2. (805 aa) |
| | upd1 | Unpaired 1 (upd1) encodes a secreted glycoprotein that is able to act at a distance as the primary ligand for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Although semi-redundant with upd2 and upd3, upd1 depletion results in embryonic lethality with an atypical gap gene-like segmentation phenotype. (413 aa) |
| | Grip128 | Grip128 (Grip128) encodes a component of the Gamma-tubulin ring complex, which is a potent microtubule nucleator in eukaryotic cells essential for successful chromosome segregation and cell division. (1092 aa) |
| | lic | Licorne (lic) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates p38 MAP kinases. (334 aa) |
| | SelG | Selenoprotein G (SelG) encodes a type III Golgi apparatus transmembrane protein. It is implicated in the release of Ca[2+] from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol by regulating the expression of genes participating in the inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate pathway. (110 aa) |
| | hop | Tyrosine-protein kinase hopscotch; Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type, phosphorylates the marelle protein. Required maternally for the establishment of the normal array of embryonic segments: involved in the control of pair- rule gene transcription in a stripe-specific manner. Together with Hsp83 and piwi, mediates canalization, also known as developmental robustness, likely via epigenetic silencing of existing genetic variants and suppression of transposon-induced new genetic variation. (1177 aa) |
| | dsh | Segment polarity protein dishevelled; Required to establish coherent arrays of polarized cells and segments in embryos. Plays a role in wingless (wg) signaling, possibly through the reception of the wg signal by target cells and subsequent redistribution of arm protein in response to that signal in embryos. This signal seems to be required to establish planar cell polarity and identity. (623 aa) |
| | HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase HDAC1; Catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N- terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation may constitute a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. For instance, deacetylation of histone H3 may be a prerequisite for the subsequent recruitment of the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9 to histones. Involved in position-effect variegation (PEV). In the larval brain, part of a regulatory network including the transcript [...] (521 aa) |
| | rasp | Protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase Rasp; Required in hedgehog (hh) expressing cells for production of appropriate signaling activity in embryos and in the imaginal precursors of adult tissues. Acts within the secretory pathway to catalyze N-terminal palmitoylation of Hh; this lipid modification is required for the embryonic and larval patterning activities of the Hh signal. Not required for Wg signaling. (500 aa) |
| | dos | Protein daughter of sevenless; Essential component for signaling from various receptor tyrosine kinases such as Sevenless, TORSO and DER. Required for photoreceptor cell and wing development. (878 aa) |
| | gsb-n | Protein gooseberry-neuro; Expressed in a segmentally repeating pattern to define the polarity of embryonic segments. (449 aa) |
| | gsb | Protein gooseberry; Expressed in segmentally repeating pattern to define the polarity of embryonic segments. (427 aa) |
| | DCP1 | Decapping protein 1 (DCP1) encodes a subunit of the mRNA decapping holoenzyme. It is involved in osk mRNA localization and miRNA-mediated gene silencing. (372 aa) |
| | Chi | Chip, isoform B; Chip (Chi) encodes a transcriptional co-factor that regulates gene expression. It contributes to the regulation of Notch signaling, leg development and axon guidance. (596 aa) |
| | tsr | Cofilin/actin-depolymerizing factor homolog; Exhibits F-actin depolymerizing activity and regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Required for cytokinesis in both mitotic and meiotic cells and for aster migration and separation. Promotes cell motility during ovary development and oogenesis. During larval development, required for the cell rearrangement needed for formation of terminal filaments which are stacks of somatic cells that are important for the initiation of ovarioles. Also required for border cell migration during oogenesis. During border cell migration, required for actin tu [...] (148 aa) |
| | dve | Defective proventriculus (dve) encodes a transcriptional repressor that binds to the K50 site. It is involved in developmental patterning, cell-type specification, and functional differentiation. (1024 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...] (1426 aa) |
| | tud | Maternal protein tudor; Required during oogenesis for the formation of primordial germ cells and for normal abdominal segmentation. (2515 aa) |
| | mago | Protein mago nashi; Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs. Involved in exon definition of genes containing long introns, including the rolled/MAPK gene. The mago-tsu heterodimer interacts with the EJC key regulator Pym leading to EJC disassembly in the cytoplasm. Has a role in oskar mRNA localization to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte, and may also be involved in polarization of the oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton. (147 aa) |
| | shg | DE-cadherin; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. In connecting cells they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. During oogenesis, integral component of the guidance mechanisms that regulate the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Functions downstream of the two chemoattractant receptors, Pvr and Egfr, to promote BC adhesion between the leader cells of the migrating cluster and the surroundi [...] (1507 aa) |
| | btd | Transcription factor btd; Buttonhead (btd) encodes a triple C(2)H(2) zinc finger protein structurally and functionally related to the human transcription factors Sp5, Sp8, and Sp9. The product of btd contributes to embryonic head segmentation, leg development, embryonic hematopoiesis, PNS formation, and maintenance of the functional heterogeneity of brain neural stem cells. (644 aa) |
| | Dsor1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1; Required downstream of Raf in the sevenless (sev), torso (tor), and Drosophila EGF receptor homolog (DER) signal transduction pathways. Involved in both positive regulation (at the posterior terminus) and negative regulation (at the anterior domain) of tll, as in other terminal class gene products, maybe via the ERK-A kinase. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (396 aa) |
| | Moe | Moesin/ezrin/radixin homolog 1; Involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. Together with wgn, involved in control of axon targeting of R8 and R2-R5 photoreceptors, independent of egr. In the nucleus, recruited to sites of active transcription by RNA polymerase II where it has a role in nuclear mRNA export together with the mRNA export factor PCID2 and other messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles. (649 aa) |
| | Pat1 | Protein interacting with APP tail-1 (Pat1) encodes a protein required for the product of Khc to transport cargo and to maximize its motility. In oocytes the products of Pat1 and Klc act in a redundant manner. (686 aa) |
| | swa | Protein swallow; Has a role in localizing bicoid mRNA at the anterior margin of the oocyte during oogenesis, and a poorly characterized role in nuclear divisions in early embryogenesis. (548 aa) |
| | fs(1)M3 | Female sterile (1) M3 (fs(1)M3) encodes a protein that is required, along with the products of fs(1)N and clos, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (1836 aa) |
| | N | Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...] (2703 aa) |
| | crm | Protein cramped; Polycomb group (Pc-G) genes are needed to maintain expression patterns of the homeotic selector genes of the Antennapedia (Antp-C) and Bithorax (Bx-C) complexes, and hence for the maintenance of segmental determination. Can act as a modifier of position effect variegation (PEV); Belongs to the cramped family. (982 aa) |
| | gt | Protein giant; Represses the expression of both the krueppel and knirps segmentation gap genes. Binds, in vitro, to the krueppel regulatory elements CD1 and CD2. It is required in the early embryo for the development of portions of the head and abdomen; Belongs to the bZIP family. (448 aa) |
| | fs(1)K10 | DNA-binding protein K10; Female sterile (1) K10 (fs(1)K10) encodes a nuclear protein of unknown biochemical function required during oogenesis for the proper localization of grk mRNA and protein in the oocyte, a key step in the specification of the dorsoventral axis of the oocyte, mature egg, and future embryo. (463 aa) |
| | csw | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase corkscrew; Required in all receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Functions downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, acting in concert with D-Raf via tailless. Also functions downstream of Egfr (epidermal growth factor receptor) and btl (fibroblast growth factor receptor). The SH2 domain suggests that csw effects its role by mediating heteromeric protein interactions. Maternally required for normal determination of cell fates at the termini of the embryo. Required for cell fate specification of the ventral ectoderm, in the developing embryoni [...] (945 aa) |
| | fs(1)N | Female sterile (1) Nasrat (fs(1)N) encodes encodes a protein that is required, along with the products of fs(1)M3 and clos, for their accumulation at the vitelline membrane and function in vitelline membrane integrity and Torso receptor activation. (2118 aa) |
