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Nf1 Nf1 Tace Tace Gbp1 Gbp1 egr egr tor tor ey ey PIP4K PIP4K Pten Pten Ac76E Ac76E foxo foxo Tl Tl fkh fkh Myc Myc step step sNPF-R sNPF-R Pdk1 Pdk1 Hr4 Hr4 chico chico btsz btsz tsl tsl Pi3K92E Pi3K92E Orct2 Orct2 wbl wbl Raf Raf Sdr Sdr Tctp Tctp upd2 upd2 Ilp6 Ilp6 gt gt Rabex-5 Rabex-5 lic lic pip pip Ilp2 Ilp2 Prpk Prpk p38b p38b sNPF sNPF Ras85D Ras85D Desat1 Desat1 Akt1 Akt1 Ns1 Ns1 InR InR sav sav p53 p53 Rassf Rassf RASSF8 RASSF8
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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Nf1Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) encodes a protein that functions as a GTPase activating protein for the products of Ras85D and Ras64B in the larval and adult nervous system. Loss of Nf1 results in excess Ras-Raf-ERK signaling and to a non-cell-autonomous cAMP/PKA signaling defect. The product of Nf1 contributes to postembryonic growth, learning/memory, and circadian rhythm. (2802 aa)
TaceADAM 17-like protease; Tace (Tace) encodes a transmembrane anchored, cell surface metalloprotease and member of the ADAM family of proteins. The product of Tace, along with the related ADAM protease encoded by kuz, performs ectodomain shedding by cleaving cell surface receptors and/or ligands to affect cell-cell signaling or adhesion. Both proteases are implicated in the Notch signaling pathway. (732 aa)
Gbp1Growth-blocking peptide 1 (Gbp1) encodes a cytokine that regulates the humoral immune response. (118 aa)
egrProtein eiger, membrane form; Cytokine which acts as a ligand for wgn. Also acts as a ligand for grnd. Induces apoptosis by triggering JNK signaling. Required for JNK-dependent non-autonomous apoptosis through release from apoptotic cells and activation of apoptosis in neighboring cells. Required for JNK-independent damage-induced apoptosis in the embryonic central nervous system through regulation of the pro-apoptotic gene hid. Involved in the innate immune response to extracellular pathogens. Plays a role in the melanization immune response through its involvement in the rupture of c [...] (415 aa)
torTyrosine-protein kinase receptor torso; Probable receptor tyrosine kinase which is required for determination of anterior and posterior terminal structures in the embryo. During postembryonic development, involved in the initiation of metamorphosis probably by inducing the production of ecdysone in response to prothoracicotropic hormone Ptth. Binding to Ptth stimulates activation of canonical MAPK signaling leading to ERK phosphorylation (By similarity). (923 aa)
eyPaired box protein Pax-6; Eyeless (ey) encodes a transcription factor that is involved in eye development as part of the retinal determination gene network, and contributes to brain formation. (898 aa)
PIP4KPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K) encodes an enzyme that mediates the conversion of phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate. It has been implicated in the regulation of mTOR signalling and control of cell size. (404 aa)
PtenPhosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) encodes a dual lipid and protein phosphatase that primarily counters the effects of the insulin-regulated lipid kinase, encoded by Pi3K92E. It inhibits cell growth, cell proliferation and cellular events controlling cytoskeletal and junctional rearrangements. (514 aa)
Ac76EAdenylate cyclase type 2; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. (1312 aa)
foxoForkhead box protein O; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Consistently activates both the downstream target Thord4EBP and the feedback control target InR. Involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle, modulating cell growth and proliferation. In response to cellular stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or increased levels of reactive oxygen species, foxo is activated and inhibits growth through the action of target genes such as Thor. Foxo activated in the adult fat body can regulate lifespan in adults; an insulin peptide itself m [...] (622 aa)
TlProtein toll; Receptor for the cleaved activated form of spz, spaetzle C- 106. Binding to spaetzle C-106 activates the Toll signaling pathway and induces expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. Promotes heterophilic cellular adhesion. Involved in synaptic targeting of motoneurons RP5 and V to muscle 12 (M12); functions as a repulsive cue inhibiting motoneuron synapse formation on muscle 13 (M13) to guide RP5 and V to the neighboring M12, where its expression is repressed by [...] (1117 aa)
fkhFork head (fkh) encodes a winged-helix nuclear transcription factor most studied for its role in salivary gland formation, where it is required for salivary gland viability, invagination, and maintaining expression of other early-expressed salivary gland transcription factors. It works with the product of sage to activate expression of salivary gland specific gene products, such as secreted proteins and their modifying enzymes. (692 aa)
MycMyc protein; Participates in the regulation of gene transcription. Binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence CAC[GA]TG. Seems to activate the transcription of growth-related genes; required for cellular proliferation and growth. Functions in the TORC2-mediated regulation of cell growth, acting downstream of the TORC2 complex. Inhibits the demethylase activity of Lid. Activates transcription of mbm. Has a role in ribosome biogenesis and endoreplication in fat body cells by activating the transcription of LTV1. Able to induce the SCF E3 ubiqui [...] (717 aa)
stepSteppke, isoform C; Steppke (step) encodes a member of the cytohesin family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which regulate small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family. It contributes to multiple signaling pathways, such as Egfr, MAPK, PI3K and insulin signaling. It is involved in wing and eye development, germ cell segregation and cell growth. (727 aa)
sNPF-RShort neuropeptide F receptor (sNPF-R) encodes the G-protein-coupled receptor for the neuropeptide ligand encoded by sNPF, which utilizes the intracelluar ERK pathway or PKA-CREB pathway. It contributes to the regulation of growth, food intake, food-search behavior, appetitive memory, and sleep. (600 aa)
Pdk13-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase required for embryonic development. Inhibits apoptosis. Acts in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and activating Akt1 and S6k. May be involved in axonal pathfinding and synaptogenesis, and in spermatogenesis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily. (836 aa)
Hr4Hormone receptor 4; Coordinates growth and maturation by mediating endocrine responses to the attainment of critical weight during larval development. Plays a central role in the genetic cascades triggered by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis, acting as both a repressor of the early ecdysone-induced regulatory genes and an inducer of the ftz-f1 midprepupal competence factor. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. (2123 aa)
chicoInsulin receptor substrate 1; Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity). May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin-like peptides. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains. Involved in control of cell proliferation, cell size, and body and organ growth throughout development. Also has a role in a signaling pathway controlling the physiological response required to endure periods of low nutrient conditions. Insulin/insulin-like growth fac [...] (968 aa)
btszBitesize, isoform I; Bitesize (btsz) encodes a membrane-trafficking protein that contributes to actin cytoskeleton organization. It is involved in the establishment of planar cell polarity, apical junction assembly and the morphogenesis of salivary glands and the tracheal system. (3734 aa)
tslTorso-like (tsl) encodes a protein present in many organs. In particular it is produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber, initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the activation of the receptor encoded by tor. (353 aa)
Pi3K92EPhosphoinositide 3-kinase, Dp110; Pi3K92E (Pi3K92E) encodes the catalytic subunit of a class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that functions downstream of the product of InR and other receptors during several processes, including cell and tissue growth; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (1088 aa)
Orct2Organic cation transporter 2 (Orct2) encodes an organic cation transporter of the major facilitator superfamily, and a transcriptional target of the insulin receptor pathway. (567 aa)
wblWindbeutel (wbl) encodes a Toll signaling pathway member protein residing in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is required for the transport of the product of pip to the Golgi in ovarian follicle cells. (257 aa)
RafRaf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase Raf; Serine/threonine kinase required in the early embryo for the formation of terminal structure. Also required during the proliferation of imaginal cells. May act downstream of Ras85D in the tor signal transduction pathway. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily. (739 aa)
SdrSecreted decoy of InR (Sdr) encodes a secreted protein that shows extensive sequence similarity to the extracellular domain of the product of InR. It physically binds to insulin-like peptides and thereby modulates the insulin/IGF signaling pathway. (868 aa)
TctpTranslationally controlled tumor protein (Tctp) encodes a protein that belongs to the TCTP family. It interacts with the GTPase encoded by Rheb to regulate organ growth. It is required for DNA damage response and genome stability. (172 aa)
upd2Unpaired 2 (upd2) encodes a secreted molecule that acts at a distance as a ligand for the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway. upd2 mutants are viable due to redundancy with other Upd-family genes. (406 aa)
Ilp6Insulin-like peptide 6 (Ilp6) encodes a protein that promotes growth during starvation. (107 aa)
gtProtein giant; Represses the expression of both the krueppel and knirps segmentation gap genes. Binds, in vitro, to the krueppel regulatory elements CD1 and CD2. It is required in the early embryo for the development of portions of the head and abdomen; Belongs to the bZIP family. (448 aa)
Rabex-5Rabaptin-5-associated exchange factor for Rab5; DNA binding; zinc ion binding; Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. (696 aa)
licLicorne (lic) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates p38 MAP kinases. (334 aa)
pipHeparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase pipe; Sulfotransferase involved in dorsoventral axis patterning in early embryos. Required for the specific ventral activation of a series of proteases acting in the perivitelline space between the embryonic membrane and the eggshell. Probably acts by mediating the sulfation of some glycoprotein or glycosaminoglycan stably deposited in the egg, whose ventrally localized modification leads to spatially restricted activation of the protease cascade. (514 aa)
Ilp2Probable insulin-like peptide 2 A chain; Plays a role in regulating body size by increasing cell size and cell number of individual organs. Probably mediates its growth effects by acting as a ligand for the insulin receptor and transducing a signal via the Chico/PI3K/Akt(PKB) pathway. (137 aa)
PrpkP53-related protein kinase (Prpk) encodes an atypical Ser/Thr kinase part of the KEOPS/EKC complex. It phosphorylates the product of p53 and is regulated by the products of Akt1 and Rab35. It is involved in tRNAs modification, telomere and chromatin dynamics. (224 aa)
p38bP38b MAP kinase (p38b) encodes the serine/threonine kinase that constitutes MAP kinase signaling cascades. It is phosphorylated by MAPK kinases and phosphorylates various substrates that play roles in stress responses, immune responses and differentiation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (365 aa)
sNPFShort neuropeptide F precursor (sNPF) encodes a protein that binds to the product of sNPF-R and activates ERK-Dilps signaling or the PKA-CREB pathway. Its roles include the regulation of cell and organism growth, carbohydrate metabolism, lifespan, feeding behavior, locomotion, circadian rhythm, and sleep. (281 aa)
Ras85DRas-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa)
Desat1Desaturase 1 (Desat1) encodes a transmembrane fatty acid desaturase that utilizes myristate and stearate (C16:0 and C18:0) to synthesize myristoleic and oleic acids (C16:1 and C18:1). It is involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. (383 aa)
Akt1RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...] (611 aa)
Ns1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 homolog; Nucleostemin 1 (Ns1) encodes a GTPase that is enriched in the peripheral granular components of nucleoli of most larval and adult cells. It is required for nucleolar release of the large ribosomal subunit. Depletion of the Ns1 product reduces viability of midgut imaginal island cells and ribosome abundance in polyploid cells; Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. (581 aa)
InRInsulin-like receptor subunit beta 1; Has a ligand-stimulated tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Required for cell survival. Regulates body size and organ size by altering cell number and cell size in a cell-autonomous manner. Involved in the development of the embryonic nervous system, and is necessary for axon guidance and targeting in the visual system. Also plays a role in life-span determination. (2144 aa)
savScaffold protein salvador; Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the [...] (608 aa)
p53P53 protein long form variant 1; P53 (p53) encodes a transcriptional factor required for adaptive responses to genotoxic stress, including cell death, compensatory proliferation and DNA repair. (495 aa)
RassfRas association family member (Rassf) encodes a RASSF (ras-association domain family) protein that binds to the kinase encoded by hpo and promotes its dephosphorylation by the STRIPAK PP2A complex. (806 aa)
RASSF8Ras association domain family member 8 (RASSF8) encodes a member of the N-terminal RASSF protein family. It localises with the product of ASPP at the adherens junctions of epithelial cells where it promotes junction stability by repressing Src activity via C-terminal Src kinase. (607 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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